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Novel strategies for managing pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第40期20卷 14717-14725页

作者： Welley s Loc Jill P smith Gail Matters Mark Kester james H Adair Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease The National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 United States Department of Medicine The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA 17033 United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey PA 17033 United States Department of Pharmacology ThePennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey PA17033 United States Departments of Materials science and Engineering and Bioengineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 United States

With the incidence reports of pancreatic cancer increasing every year,research over the last several decades has been focused on the means to achieve early diagnosis in patients that are at a high risk of developing the *** review covers current strategies for managing pancreatic cancer and further discusses efforts in understanding the role of early onset symp-toms leading to tumor *** investigations in this discussion include type 3c diabetes,selected biomarkers and pathways related to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions,drug resistance,and advances in nanomedicine which may provide significant solutions for improving early detection and treatments in future medicine.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Diagnosis Treatment signaling pathways Nanomedicine Biomarkers

Multiplication factor for open ground storey buildings–a reliability based evaluation

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第2期15卷 283-295页

作者： Haran Pragalath D.C Avadhoot Bhosale Robin davis P Pradip sarkar Department of Civil Engineering NIT Rourkela

Open Ground storey（OGs） framed buildings where the ground storey is kept open without infill walls, mainly to facilitate parking, is increasing commonly in urban areas. However, vulnerability of this type of buildings has been exposed in past earthquakes. OGs buildings are conventionally designed by a bare frame analysis that ignores the stiffness of the infill walls present in the upper storeys, but doing so underestimates the inter-storey drift（IsD） and thereby the force demand in the ground storey columns. Therefore, a multiplication factor（MF） is introduced in various international codes to estimate the design forces（bending moments and shear forces） in the ground storey columns. This study focuses on the seismic performance of typical OGs buildings designed by means of MFs. The probabilistic seismic demand models, fragility curves, reliability and cost indices for various frame models including bare frames and fully infilled frames are developed. It is found that the MF scheme suggested by the Israel code is better than other international codes in terms of reliability and cost.

关键词： frames probabilistic vulnerability facilitate details Probability codes multiplication drift columns

Degenerative meniscus: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第5期5卷 597-602页

作者： Richard Howell Neil s Kumar Nimit Patel james Tom Department of Orthopedic surgery Drexel University College of Medicine Hahnemann University Hospital

The symptomatic degenerative meniscus continues to be a source of discomfort for a significant number of patients. With vascular penetration of less than onethird of the adult meniscus, healing potential in the setting of chronic degeneration remains low. Continued hoop and shear stresses upon the degenerative meniscus results in gross failure, often in the form of complex tears in the posterior horn and midbody. Patient history and physical examination are critical to determine the true source of pain, particularly with the significant incidence of simultaneous articular pathology. Joint line tenderness, a positive Mc Murray test, and mechanical catching or locking can be highly suggestive of a meniscal source of knee pain and dysfunction. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging are frequently utilized to examine for osteoarthritis and to verify the presence of meniscal tears, in addition to ruling out other sources of pain. Non-operative therapy focused on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy may be able to provide pain relief as well as improve mechanical function of the knee joint. For patients re-fractory to conservative therapy, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy can provide short-term gains regarding pain relief, especially when combined with an effective, regular physiotherapy program. Patients with clear mechanical symptoms and meniscal pathology may benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, but surgery is not a guaranteed success, especially with concomitant articular pathology. Ultimately, the long-term outcomes of either treatment arm provide similar results for most patients. Further study is needed regarding the short and long-term outcomes regarding conservative and surgical therapy, with a particular focus on the economic impact of treatment as well.

关键词： Meniscus Degenerative joint disease Meniscal tear Osteoarthritis Arthroscopy

Two Bioinspired Mobile Manipulators with Rolling Locomotion

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第1期13卷 48-58页

作者： saber Mahboubi Heydarabad Mir Masoud seyyed Fakhrabadi steve davis samia Nefti-Meziani school of Computing Science & Engineering University of Salford Manchester The Crescent M5 4WT UK school of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

This paper deals with two novel structures for mobile robots. The original inspiration of the robots comes from a sala- mander and a specific kind of spiders. Our robots have some especial moving capabilities causing to increase the robot ma- neuverability. Indeed, the capability of rolling motion is added to ordinary quadruped robots. This capability causes increment in maneuvering of the robots. Manipulators can be embedded into the robots to add the ability of transferring materials into the shell and conducting some tasks such as repairing. In this paper, after analysis of motion principles of the rolling robots, their dynanlic equations are derived. Different simulations of two bioinspired mobile robots are presented in order to scrutinize various capabilities of the proposed designs. Walking capabilities of the robots and their advantages are discussed in detail. The comprehensive simulation results of the robots in various motion modes are presented. Finally the first prototype is introduced to verify the motion mechanisms.

关键词： bionics rolling robot quadruped robot Lagrange equations

Effect of solids on pulp and froth properties in flotation

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Journal of Central south University 2014年第4期21卷 1461-1469页

作者：张炜 james A.Finch Mining & Mineral Resources Division Department of Business Administration Chinalco China Copper Corporation Limited Department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGill University

Froth flotation is a widely used process of particle separation exploiting differences in surface properties. It is important to point out that overall flotation performance(grade and recovery) is a consequence of the quality and quantity of the solid particles collected from the pulp phase, transported into the froth phase, and surviving as bubble-particle aggregates into the overflow. This work will focus on studying these phenomena and will incorporate the effects of particle hydrophobicities in the 3-phase system. solids are classed as either hydrophilic non-sulphide gangue(e.g. silica, talc), hydrophilic sulphide(e.g. pyrite), or hydrophobic sulphide(e.g. sphalerite). Talc is a surface-active species of gangue that has been shown to behave differently from silica(frother adsorbs on the surface of talc particles). Both are common components of ores and will be studied in detail. The focus of this work is to investigate the role of solids on pulp hydrodynamics, froth bubble coalescence intensity, water overflow rate with solids present, and in particular, the interactions between solids, frother and gas on the gas dispersion parameters. The results show that in the pulp zone there is no effect of solids on bubble size and gas holdup; in the froth zone, although hydrophilic particles solely do not effect on the water overflow rate, hydrophobic particles produce higher intensity of rates on water overflow and bubble coalescence, and many be attributed to the water reattachment.

关键词： flotation frothers bubble size coalescence gas holdup hydrophobicity

Light controlled imaging probes for intracellular target recognition： photochromism as a tool to enhance sensing precision

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science China Chemistry 2017年第12期60卷 1563-1564页

作者： Tony D. james Department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA2 7AYUK

Chemosensors and imaging probes have been the focus of significant research interest over the past few decades. In part due to ease of preparation and simplicity in manipulation, fluorescent probes have been extensive... 详细信息

关键词： Light controlled imaging probes for intracellular target recognition photochromism enhance sensing precision

Probing turbulence in galaxies with fast radio burst scintillation

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 177-178页

作者： james M.Cordes Department of Astronomy the Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853USA

Interstellar scintillation(Iss)is a well-known phenomenon observed from pulsars in the Milky *** comprises intensity variations *** and frequency caused by constructive and destructive interference from multipath propagation,which is due to diffraction from fluctuations in electron density in the interstellar medium(IsM)on scales as small as~100 *** density fluctuations appear to be part of a turbulence process combined with discrete structures in electron density from other astrophysical processes;together these fluctuations extend to scales of pc or larger.

关键词： scales galaxies turbulence

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Microtextures on quartz grains from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific coastal sediments:Implications for sedimentary processes and depositional environment

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第2期11卷 256-274页

作者： Jayagopal Madhavaraju John sArmstrong-Altrin Kandasamy selvaraj Rathinam Arthur james Estaci on Regional Del Noroeste Instituto de GeologíaUniversidad Nacional Aut onoma de MexicoHermosilloSonora 83000Mexico Universidad Nacional Aut onoma de Mexico Instituto de Ciencias Del Mary LimnologíaUnidad de Procesos Oce anicosy CosterosCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de Mexico 04510Mexico Department of Geological Oceanography and state Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamenChina Department of Marine science Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirapalli620024Tamil NaduIndia

Microtexture analyes on quartz from coastal sediments of the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific Coast reveal 35 and 30 types of microtextures,respectively,which were grouped into mechanical,mechanical/chemical and chemical categories based on their mode of *** of chemical origin are rarer in the El Carrizal than in the Manzanillo beach sediments of the Mexican Pacific *** of mechanical origin like straight and curved scratches,pits,broken edges,and V-shaped marks indicate high energy,fluvial to marine depositional *** scarcity to absence of chemical features suggest that the energy level was higher at the Mexican Pacific coast than on the Gulf of Mexico coast.V-shaped marks are common in the Gulf of Mexico sediments,whereas they are abundant in the quartz grains from the Mexican Pacific *** frequency and density of V-shaped marks are produced by exceedingly high wave velocity during storm events or *** of V-shaped marks with fresh surfaces of quartz grains from the Mexican Pacific coast indicate an extremely high-energy impact *** quartz grains from the El Carrizal beach of the Mexican Pacific coast have abundant closely spaced Vshaped marks with fewer fresh *** high frequency of V-shaped marks is mainly linked to grain-tograin collision,typically associated with high-energy sub-aqueous conditions with a large volume of sedimentary particles in the water column that are produced during a tsunami or storm *** contrast,many quartz grains from the Gulf of Mexico have large fresh surfaces with moderate percentages of V-shaped marks that might have been produced by high-energy waves with low sediment concentrations during storm events.

关键词： Microtextures Quartz grains V-shaped marks Tsunami and storm events sedimentary processes

sTAG-CNs： An Order-Aware Conserved Noncoding sequences Discovery Tool for Arbitrary Numbers of species

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Molecular Plant 2017年第7期10卷 990-999页

作者： Xianjun Lai sairam Behera Zhikai Liang Yanli Lu Jitender s. Deogun james C. schnable Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Center for Plant Science innovation University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA Department of Computer science and Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68588 USA Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 China

One method for identifying noncoding regulatory regions of a genome is to quantify rates of divergence between related species, as functional sequence will generally diverge more slowly. Most approaches to identifying these conserved noncoding sequences （CNss） based on alignment have had relatively large minimum sequence lengths （≥15 bp） compared with the average length of known transcription factor binding sites. To circumvent this constraint, sTAG-CNs that can simultaneously integrate the data from the promoters of conserved orthologous genes in three or more species was developed. Using the data from up to six grass species made it possible to identify conserved sequences as short as 9 bp with false discovery rate ≤0.05. These CNss exhibit greater overlap with open chromatin regions identified using DNase I hypersensitivity assays, and are enriched in the promoters of genes involved in transcriptional regulation. sTAG-CNs was further employed to characterize loss of conserved noncoding sequences associated with retained duplicate genes from the ancient maize polyploidy. Genes with fewer retained CNss show lower overall expression, although this bias is more apparent in samples of complex organ systems containing many cell types, suggesting that CNs loss may correspond to a reduced number of expression contexts rather than lower expression levels across the entire ancestral expression domain.

关键词： conserved noncoding sequence comparative genomics suffix tree longest path algorithm grain crops