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Use of Bitter Leaf(Vernonia amygdalina)Extract and Pasteurization Aim at Improving the Sensory Quality and Shelf-life of Mpedli,a Traditional Opaque Sorghum White Beer from Northern Cameroon

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2022年第2期4卷 1-12页

作者： Koge james ronald bayoï Bakari Daoudou Yonas Vandi Bruno Foundikou Roger Darman Djoulde François-Xavier Etoa Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MarouaMarouaP.O.Box 814Cameroon Department of Agriculture Livestock and by-productsNational Advanced School of Engineering of MarouaUniversity of MarouaMarouaP.O.Box 46Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 812Cameroon

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensory property and shelf life of the processed mpedli beer using aqueous leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina(VA)and heat *** white sorghum beer was made at the laboratory scale using home-made procedure(Control).Following filtration,the beer was blended with an aqueous leaf extract(1/10,v/v)of VA(BUB).Pasteurization(60°C/30 min)was performed on a portion of the VA blended sample(BPB).The sensory parameters and shelf life of the three samples were evaluated at room temperature during a month *** sensory characteristics of blended and non-supplemented mpedli beer differed significantly(p<0.05).During storage,the colour,bitterness,aroma,odour,viscosity,texture,and overall acceptability of the processed samples were ***(r=0.898;p<0.01)and odour(r=0.930;p<0.01)were both highly correlated with the acceptance of the processed *** non-supplemented samples had the highest sensory scores 48 hours after preparation,while the relevant sensory ratings in processed BUB and BPB samples were recorded from the 12th to the 21st and 27th day of storage,*** findings suggest that combining pasteurization with addition of aqueous leaf extract of VA may help small-scale brewers for improving the sensory quality and extending the shelf life of *** to the findings,the use of bitter leaf could be proposed as an alternative hop in the local brewing industry and may increase incomes of producers of local sorghum beer.

关键词： Bitter leaf Pasteurization Sorghum beer Mpedli Sensory properties Shelf life

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Isolation and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第2期14卷 66-83页

作者： Albina Makio Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Matthew Mutinda Munyao Caroline Wangui Njoroge Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Joanne Jepkemei Yego Anne Wanjiru Mwangi james Hungo Kimotho ronald Tanui Vincent Rutto Samson Muuo Nzou Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Center for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

The discovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, in 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across the world, evolving into the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs of the virus’s existence were observed in various countries before the initial outbreak in Wuhan. As of 12th of April, the respiratory disease had infected over 762 million people worldwide, with over 6.8 million deaths recorded. This has led scientists to focus their efforts on understanding the virus to develop effective means to diagnose, treat, prevent, and control this pandemic. One of the areas of focus is the isolation of this virus, which plays a crucial role in understanding the viral dynamics in the laboratory. In this study, we report the isolation and detection of locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The isolates were cultured on Vero Cercopithecus cell line (CCL-81) cells, RNA extraction was conducted from the supernatants, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genome sequencing was done to profile the strains phylogenetically and identify novel and previously reported mutations. Vero CCL-81 cells were able to support the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and mutations were detected from the two isolates sequenced (001 and 002). Genome sequencing revealed the circulation of two isolates that share a close relationship with the Benin isolate with the D614G common mutation identified along the S protein. These virus isolates will be expanded and made available to the Kenya Ministry of Health and other research institutions to advance SARS-CoV-2 research in Kenya and the region.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Whole Genome Sequencing Phylogenetic Analysis Nucleotide Substitutions Amino Acid Changes

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Optically stimulated luminescence dating of aeolian sand in the Otindag dune field and Holocene climate change

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第6期51卷 837-847页

作者： Joseph MASON james SWINEHART ronald GOBLE Department of Geography University of Wisconsin Madison School of Natural Resources IANR University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of Geosciences University of Nebraska-Lincoln

The dune system in Otindag sand field of northern China is sensitive to climate change, where effective moisture and related vegetation cover play a controlling role for dune activity and stability. Therefore, aeolian deposits may be an archive of past environmental changes, possibly at the millennial scale, but previous studies on this topic have rarely been reported. In this study, thirty-five optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of ten representative sand-paleosol profiles in Otindag sand field are ob-tained, and these ages provide a relatively complete and well-dated chronology for wet and dry varia-tions in Holocene. The results indicate that widespread dune mobilization occurred from 9.9 to 8.2 ka, suggesting a dry early Holocene climate. The dunes were mainly stabilized between 8.0 and 2.7 ka, implying a relatively wet climate, although there were short-term penetrations of dune activity during this wet period. After ~2.3 ka, the region became dry again, as inferred from widespread dune activity. The '8.2 ka' cold event and the Little Ice Age climatic deterioration are detected on the basis of the dune records and OSL ages. During the Medieval Warm Period and the Sui-Tang Warm Period (570-770 AD), climate in Otindag sand field was relatively humid and the vegetation was denser, and the sand dunes were stabilized again. These aeolian records may indicate climate changes at millennial time scale during Holocene, and these climatic changes may be the teleconnection to the climate changes elsewhere in the world.

关键词： Otindag sand field OSL dating Holocene drought dune

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GIGANTEA Integrates Photoperiodic and Temperature Signals to Time when Growth Occurs

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Molecular Plant 2020年第3期13卷 357-359页

作者： james ronald Kayla McCarthy Seth Jon Davis University of York Department of BiologyHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Circadian clocks synchronize internal physiological responses to occur at the most optimal time of the *** plants,hormone signaling is under the control of this *** has been previously shown that the circadian clock moderates the plant’s sensitivity to gibberellin(GA)by regulating the expression of GA ***,two papers by Nohales and Kay(2019)and Park et al.(2020)revealed that post-translational regulation of DELLA proteins by the circadian clock also contributes to timing when the plant is most sensitive to GA.

关键词： Photoperiod clock translational

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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical coastal embayment(Moreton Bay, Australia)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 82-96页

作者： ronald S.Musenze Ursula Werner Alistair Grinham james Udy Zhiguo Yuan Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC) The University of Queensland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Design Arts and Technology Makerere University School of Civil Engineering The University of Queensland Healthy Waterways Ltd.

Surface water methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N20） concentrations and fluxes were investigated in two subtropical coastal embayments （Bramble Bay and Deception Bay, which are part of the greater Moreton Bay, Australia）. Measurements were done at 23 stations in seven campaigns covering different seasons during 2010-2012. Water-air fluxes were estimated using the Thin Boundary Layer approach with a combination of wind and currents-based models for the estimation of the gas transfer velocities. The two bays were strong sources of both CH4 and N2O with no significant differences in the degree of saturation of both gases between them during all measurement campaigns. Both CH4 and N2O concentrations had strong temporal but minimal spatial variability in both bays. During the seven seasons, CH4 varied between 500% and 4000% saturation while N2O varied between 128 and 255% in the two bays. Average seasonal CH4 fluxes for the two bays varied between 0.5 ± 0.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5 mg CH4/（m^***） while N20 varied between 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.6 mg N2O/（m^2-day）. Weighted emissions （t CO2-e） were 63%-90% N2O dominated implying that a reduction in N2O inputs and/or nitrogen availability in the bays may significantly reduce the bays＇ greenhouse gas （GHG） budget. Emissions data for tropical and subtropical systems is still scarce. This work found subtropical bays to be significant aquatic sources of both CH4 and N2O and puts the estimated fluxes into the global context with measurements done from other climatic regions.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions Subtropical aquatic systems Bay Methane Nitrous oxide Uncertainty

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Prospects for detecting ultra-high-energy particles with FAST

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第2期19卷 25-38页

作者： Clancy W.james Justin D.Bray ronald D.Ekers International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University School of Physics & Astronomy University of Manchester CSIRO Astronomy & Space Science

The origin of the highest-energy particles in nature, ultra-high-energy(UHE) cosmic rays, is still unknown. In order to resolve this mystery, very large detectors are required to probe the low flux of these particles — or to detect the as-yet unobserved flux of UHE neutrinos predicted from their interactions. The‘lunar Askaryan technique' is a method to do both. When energetic particles interact in a dense medium,the Askaryan effect produces intense coherent pulses of radiation in the MHz–GHz range. By using radio telescopes to observe the Moon and look for nanosecond pulses, the entire visible lunar surface(20 million km^2) can be used as a UHE particle detector. A large effective area over a broad bandwidth is the primary telescope requirement for lunar observations, which makes large single-aperture instruments such as the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) well-suited to the technique. In this contribution, we describe the lunar Askaryan technique and its unique observational requirements. Estimates of the sensitivity of FAST to both the UHE cosmic ray and neutrino flux are given, and we describe the methods by which lunar observations with FAST, particularly if equipped with a broadband phased-array feed, could detect the flux of UHE cosmic rays.

关键词： cosmic rays neutrinos techniques:miscellaneous Moon

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Resection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in recurrent acute pancreatitis prevents recurrent pancreatitis but does not identify more malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第15期27卷 1630-1642页

作者： Thiruvengadam Muniraj Harry R Aslanian Loren Laine Priya A Jamidar james F Farrell Kisha A Mitchell ronald R Salem Section of Digestive Diseases Department of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Pathology Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Surgery Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States

BACKGROUND Recurrent acute pancreatitis(RAP)may be a presenting feature of and an indication for resection of pancreatic cysts,including intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN).Few data are available regarding the prevalence of malignancy and post-operative RAP in this *** To study the role of resection to help prevent RAP and analyze if presentation as RAP would be a predictor for *** This retrospective study assessed 172 patients who underwent surgical resection of pancreatic cystic neoplasms at a university hospital between 2002 and *** prevalence of preoperative high-risk cyst features,and of neoplasia was compared between patients with and without *** identify the cause of pancreatitis,all the patients had a detailed history of alcohol,smoking,medications obtained,and had cross-sectional imaging(contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging)and endoscopic ultrasound to look for gallstone etiology and other structural causes for *** incidence of RAP post-resection was the primary *** IPMN accounted for 101 cases(58.7%){[branch duct(BD)59(34.3%),main duct(MD)42](24.4%)}.Twenty-nine(16.9%)presented with RAP(mean 2.2 episodes):15 had BD-IPMN,8 MD-IPMN,5 mucinous cystic neoplasm and 1 serous cystic *** was similar among those with vs without RAP for all patients[6/29(20.7%)vs 24/143(16.8%)]and IPMN patients[6/23(26.1%)vs 23/78(29.5%)],although tended to be higher with RAP in BD-IPMN,[5/15(33.3%)vs 3/44(6.8%),P=0.04].At mean follow-up of 7.2 years,1(3.4%)RAP patient had post-resection *** mean episodes of acute pancreatitis before vs after surgery were 3.4 vs 0.02(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION Malignancy was not increased in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms who have RAP compared to those without *** addition,specific cyst characteristics were not clearly associated with *** incidence of RAP was markedly decreased in almost all patients following cyst resect

关键词： Pancreatic cyst Pancreatic neoplasm Pancreatitis Malignancies

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Ecological scale and seasonal heterogeneity in the spatial behaviors of giant pandas

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 46-60页

作者： Zejun ZHANG james K.SHEPPARD ronald R.SWAISGOOD Guan WANG Yonggang NIE Wei WEI Naxun ZHAO Fuwen WEI Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research EscondidoCaliforniaUSA Institute of Rare Animals and Plants China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Foping National Nature Reserve FopingChina

We report on the first study to track the spatial behaviors of wild giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)using high-resolution global positioning system(GPS)*** 2008 and 2009,4 pandas(2 male and 2 fe-male)were tracked in Foping Reserve,China for an average of 305 days(±54.8 SE).Panda home ranges were larger than those of previous very high frequency tracking studies,with a bimodal distribution of space-use and distinct winter and summer centers of *** range sizes were larger in winter than in summer,although there was considerable individual *** tracked pandas exhibited individualistic,unoriented and multi-phasic movement paths,with a high level of tortuosity within seasonal core habitats and directed,linear,large-scale movements between *** moved from low elevation winter habitats to high elevation(>2000 m)summer habitats in May,when temperatures averaged 17.5°C(±0.3 SE),and these large-scale movements took<1 month to *** peak in panda mean elevation occurred in Jul,after which they began slow,large-scale movements back to winter habitats that were completed in *** adult female panda made 2 long-distance movements during the mating *** remain close to rivers and streams during winter,possi-bly reflecting the elevated water requirements to digest their high-fiber *** movement path tortuosity and first-passage-time as a function of spatial scale indicated a mean peak in habitat search effort and patch use of approximately 700 *** a high degree of spatial overlap between panda home ranges,particularly in winter,we detected neither avoidance nor attraction behavior between conspecifics.

关键词： behavior GPS habitat use movements panda spatial heterogeneity telemetry

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Reducing Hospital Lengths of Stay: A Five-Year Study

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2021年第6期10卷 160-167页

作者： ronald J. Lagoe james H. Abbott Shelly A. Littau Hospital Executive Council Syracuse NY USA St. Joseph’s Hospital Health Center Syracuse NY USA

Hospital length of stay reduction is an important mechanism for improving the outcomes and efficiency of care. This study evaluated the impact of length of stay reduction in the hospitals of Syracuse, New York. Between 2015 and 2020, length of stay reduction saved 7106 inpatient days for adult medicine, and 10,605 patient days for adult surgery in the hospitals. At a conservative late stay rate of $600 per day, $4,263,600 was eliminated for adult medicine and $6,363,000 was eliminated for adult surgery between 2015 and 2020. The study data suggested that the numbers of days saved were the greatest for patients with Major and Extreme severity of illness. At the community level, length of stay reduction can support the efforts of health care providers to free inpatient capacity for patients with Coronavirus and other conditions. It can also generate the efficiency needed to reimburse the costs of care.

关键词： Hospitals Hospital Lengths of Stay Health Care Costs

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Signal Processing First

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丛书名：国外高校电子信息类优秀教

2003年

作者： james H. McClellan ronald W. Schafer Mark A. Yoder

本书内容包括:正弦曲线、频谱表示、取样和混叠等。

ISBN: (纸本)0130909998;9780130909992

本书内容包括:正弦曲线、频谱表示、取样和混叠等。

关键词： Multimedia systems.

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