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Intelligent wireless walls for contactless in-home monitoring

Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2308-2320页

作者： Muhammad Usman james rains Tie Jun Cui Muhammad Zakir Khan Jalil Ur Rehman Kazim Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer H.Abbasi University of Glasgow James Watt School of EngineeringGlasgow G128QQUK State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Human activity monitoring is an exciting research area to assist independent living among disabled and elderly *** techniques have been proposed to recognise human activities,such as exploiting sensors,cameras,wearables,and contactless microwave *** these,the microwave sensing has recently gained significant attention due to its merit to solve the privacy concerns of cameras and discomfort caused by ***,the existing microwave sensing techniques have a basic disadvantage of requiring controlled and ideal settings for high-accuracy activity detections,which restricts its wide adoptions in non-line-of-sight(Non-LOS)***,we propose a concept of intelligent wireless walls(IWW)to ensure high-precision activity monitoring in complex environments wherein the conventional microwave sensing is *** IWW is composed of a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)that can perform beam steering and beamforming,and machine learning algorithms that can automatically detect the human activities with high *** complex environments are considered:one is a corridor junction scenario with transmitter and receiver in separate corridor sections and the other is a multi-floor scenario wherein the transmitter and receiver are placed on two different floors of a *** each of the aforementioned environments,three distinct body movements are considered namely,sitting,standing,and *** subjects,one male and one female perform these activities in both *** is demonstrated that IWW provide a maximum detection gain of 28%in multi-floor scenario and 25%in corridor junction scenario as compared to traditional microwave sensing without RIS.

关键词： microwave environments floor

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Spring

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山东师范大学外国语学院学报（基础英语教育） 2006年第2期8卷 91-92页

作者： james J. Kilpatrick

Springs are not always the same. In some years, April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap—and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves *** other years, spring tiptoes in. It pauses, overcome by shyness, like my grandchild at the door, peeping in, ducking out of sight, giggling in the hallway. “I know you’re out there,” I cry. “Come in!” And April slips into our *** dogwood bud, pale green, is inlaid with russet markings. Within the perfect cup a score of clustered seeds are nestled. One examines the bud in awe: Where were those seeds a month ago? The apples display their milliner’s scraps of ivory silk, rose-tinged. All the sleeping things wake up—primrose, baby iris, blue phlox. The earth warms—you can smell it, feel it, crumble April in your *** dark Blue Ridge Mountains in which I dwell, great-hipped, big-breasted, slumber on the western sky. And then they stretch and gradually awaken. A warm wind, soft as a girl’s hair, moves sailboat clouds in gentle skies. The rains come—good rains to sleep by—and fields that were dun as oatmeal turn to pale green, then to Kelly green.

关键词：读者 Spring

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Climate Change, Adaptive Strategies and Rural Livelihoods in Semiarid Tanzania

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Natural Resources 2013年第3期4卷 266-278页

作者： Richard Y. M. Kangalawe james G. Lyimo Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania.

Climate change is a global challenge to both sustainable livelihoods and economic development. In Tanzania as in most African countries, farming depends almost entirely on rainfall, a situation that makes agriculture and thus rural livelihoods especially in semiarid environments particularly vulnerable to climate change. This study analyses the impacts of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods with particular focus on agricultural production, food security and adaptive capacities in semiarid areas of Tanzania. The methods used in this study included focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household surveys and field observations. Results from the study indicate that communities understood climate change in terms of variability in rainfall patterns and amount, temperature patterns, wind, water availability, increased incidences of drought and decreased agricultural productivity. Communities in the study area acknowledged that while rainfall amounts have decreased over the last thirty years, temperatures have increased;an experience is also supported by meteorological data. Such changes were claimed to have reduced agricultural productivity particularly due to prolonged drought, inadequate and uneven distribution of rainfall as well as unpredictable onset and ending of rains. Stressors such as crop diseases and pests, low soil fertility and inadequate extension services were also reported to contribute to the decline in agricultural productivity and re-occurrence of food insecurity. In response, communities have developed multiple adaptation strategies, including growing of drought tolerant and early maturing crop varieties, increasing wetlands cultivation, water harvesting for small-scale irrigation and livestock keeping. However, households with limited livelihood assets are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and food insecurity. The study argues that diversification of adaptive strategies, such as water harvesting for small-sca

关键词： Climate Change Adaptive Strategies Food Insecurity Rural Livelihoods Semiarid Tanzania

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Complementary effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on maize production in the smallholder farms of Meru South District, Kenya

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 221-229页

作者： Edwin Mwiti Mutegi james Biu Kung’u Mucheru Muna Pypers Pieter Daniel Njiru Mugendi Kenyatta University Department of Environmental Sciences Nairobi Kenya Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) Institute of CIAT Nairobi Kenya

Low soil fertility is a major constraint to maize production in the small holder farms of Meru South District. This is mainly attributed to the mining of nutrients due to cropping without external addition of adequate nutrients. Mineral fertilizers are expensive hence un affordable by most small holder farmers. The use of organic matter to increase and maintain soil fertility is being considered as a solution to help the low-income small holder farmers. A study was conducted in Mucwa location, Meru South District to determine the levels of complementarity between organic and mineral N amendments on maize yields and their influence on soil chemical properties. The experiment was set in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates. The treatments were compared with the response obtained from control. The general soil fertility parameters changed slightly with Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium increasing in all treatments. The organic Carbon and total Nitrogen was higher in treatments that received sole organic N sources than in sole mineral N and a combination of organic and mineral N sources. The highest maize grain yield of 4.8 t·ha-1 and 4.2 t·ha-1 were realized from sole application of calliandra during the 2005 Short rains and 2006 Long rains cropping seasons. Generally the maize grain yields were lower in treatments with mineral N alone compared to the treatments with organics. Treatments with sole calliandra and sole tithonia had the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR), followed closely by manure treatment. More so, integration of organic and mineral N sources resulted to higher net benefit and BCR than the application of the recommended rate of mineral fertilizers. Results obtained indicated that the use of either organic or combined organic/mineral N soil amendment appear to be superior to using mineral amendment sources alone.

关键词： Soil Fertility Organic Carbon Total Nitrogen Benefit Cost Ratio

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