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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick james C.Campbell Charles r.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa M.Collins Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

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Surgical management of the diabetic foot:The current evidence

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 404-417页

作者： richard Henry randall roberts Gareth rhys Davies-Jones james Brock Vaishnav Satheesh Greg AJ robertson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Wrexham Maelor HospitalWrexham LL137TDUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic HospitalOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications,particularly diabetic foot pathologies,poses significant healthcare challenges and economic burdens *** review synthesises current evidence on the surgical management of the diabetic foot,focusing on the interplay between neuropathy,ischemia,and infection that commonly culminates in ulcers,infections,and,in severe cases,*** escalating incidence of diabetes mellitus underscores the urgency for effective management strategies,as diabetic foot complications are a leading cause of hospital admissions among diabetic patients,significantly impacting morbidity and mortality *** review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic foot complications and further examines diabetic foot ulcers,infections,and skeletal pathologies such as Charcot arthropathy,emphasising the critical role of early diagnosis,comprehensive management strategies,and interdisciplinary care in mitigating adverse *** addressing surgical interventions,this review evaluates conservative surgeries,amputations,and reconstructive procedures,highlighting the importance of tailored approaches based on individual patient profiles and the specific characteristics of foot *** integration of advanced diagnostic tools,novel surgical techniques,and postoperative care,including offloading and infection control,are discussed in the context of optimising healing and preserving limb function.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic foot Charcot Osteomyelitis Amputation Diabetic foot attack Conservative surgery

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Using Circular Economics Strategies to Manage Tourism on remote Islands:A SMArT Approach

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2024年第1期12卷 18-33页

作者： Colm Barcoe james Hanrahan Garvan Whelan Ballsbridge College and ATU SligoIreland ATU SligoIreland TU DublinIreland

Circular economics theory offers destination managers of remote islands a solution-oriented approach to environmental sustainability. This paper examines the practical benefits of this theory that will support the development of a circular economy regarding sustainable island tourism (SIT). The aim of this paper is to inform discussions regarding the feasibility of applying a practice theory that emphasises changes in the behaviours across three segments, visitors, residents, and enterprises using SMArT technologies. To achieve this objective, a SMArT indicator system (SIS) was used to identify current practices that would support a circular economy (CE). The key innovation of this study is the creation of a proposed framework that may inform best practices for SIT in the future. The findings highlight the potential opportunity of evidenced-based planning to deliver a circular economy strategy (CES) for remote islands in the future. These insights can potentially impact the way that local authorities and destination managers approach the planning of tourism for six islands along the west coast of Ireland.

关键词： circular economy SMArT indicator system sustainable island tourism proposed framework

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模型模拟结合便携测量预测紫外高级氧化工艺对水中微污染物的去除（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第6期 87-95页

作者：黄妍妍李梦凯孙喆李文涛 james r.Bolton 强志民 Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Alberta State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

The degradation of micropollutants in water via ultraviolet（UV）-based advanced oxidation processes（AOPs） is strongly dependent on the water matrix. Various reactive radicals（rrs） formed in UV-AOPs have different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target micropollutants. Hence, process selection and optimization are crucial. This study developed a facilitated prediction method for the photon fluence-based rate constant for micropollutant degradation(k'p,MP) in various UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with portable measurement. Portable methods for measuring the scavenging capacities of the principal rrs（rrSCs） involved in UV-AOPs(i.e., HO·, SO4·-, and Cl·) using a mini-fluidic photoreaction system were proposed. The simulation models consisted of photochemical, quantitative structure–activity relationship, and radical concentration steady-state approximation models. The rrSCs were determined in eight test waters, and a higher rrSC was found to be associated with a more complex water matrix. Then, by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine, and carbamazepine as model micropollutants, the k'p,MPvalues in various UV-AOPs were predicted and further verified experimentally. A lower k'p,MPwas found to be associated with a higher rrSC for a stronger rr competition; for example, k'p,MPvalues of 130.9 and 332.5 ***–1, respectively, were obtained for carbamazepine degradation by UV/H2O2in the raw water(rrSC = 9.47 × 10～4s-1) and sand-filtered effluent(rrSC = 2.87 × 10～4s-1) of a drinking water treatment plant. The developed method facilitates process selection and optimization for UV-AOPs, which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.

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Isolated Lumbar Extension resistance Training Is Effective at Improving Extension Power and Disability in Subjects with Diagnosed Lumbar Multifidus Dysfunction

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Open Journal of Therapy and rehabilitation 2024年第3期12卷 245-255页

作者： William roger Peters james Thomas Ernest Smith Mario Guiseppe Zotti Adam Leslie Lincoln Benjamin james Enser Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Bond University Queensland Australia Back Neck Clinic Bundall Queensland Australia Kieser Australia Bundall Queensland Australia

Background: Lumbar multifidus dysfunction is a prevalent cause of disability in individuals with lower back pain. Previous research highlights the benefits of isolated lumbar extension training for non-specific lower back pain, however, studies examining its efficacy in lumbar multifidus dysfunction are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of isolated lumbar extension resistance training on disability and strength in individuals with lumbar multifidus dysfunction. Methods: Subjects underwent a physiotherapy led structured rehabilitation program incorporating isolated lumbar extension. Sessions were conducted twice weekly targeting momentary muscular failure with time under load 90 - 120 seconds and progressions aimed at 5 - 10 lbs increments. Outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and lumbar extension strength testing at baseline and after 12 weeks, with statistical analysis using t-test and chi-squared 2 × 2. results: Forty-five subjects (24 male, 21 female) with a median age of 48 completed the intervention. Improvements were noted in Oswestry Disability Index scores (median pre: 24, post: 15) and maximal lumbar extension strength (median pre: 122 lb, post: 186 lb), with p ≤ 0.05. Overall, 89% showed improvement in disability scores, 67% moved to a better disability category, and 51% saw at least a 50% increase in strength. No significant gender differences were observed. Conclusions: Isolated lumbar extension resistance training is effective at improving extension power and disability in subjects with lumbar multifidus dysfunction.

关键词： Low Back Pain Multifidus Muscle Strength rehabilitation resistance Training

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Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 240-248页

作者： Jing Zhang james Mcgettrick Kangyu Ji Jinxin Bi Thomas Webb Xueping Liu Dongtao Liu Aobo ren Yuren Xiang Bowei Li Vlad Stolojan Trystan Watson Samuel D.Stranks Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute(ATI) University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK SPECIFIC College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay Campus SA18ENSwansea UK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ JThomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Chemical Engineering&Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based ***,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge *** further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport *** to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced *** addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.

关键词： fast and balanced charge transfer inverted perovskite solar cells long-term stability low-temperature processing metal oxides

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Case of abdominal whirl sign with small bowel obstruction and free gas successfully managed by conservative management instead of laparoscopic surgery

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and robotic Surgery 2024年第3期7卷 128-131页

作者： Giuleta Jamsari james Wei Tatt Toh Department of Surgery Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia Department of Colorectal Surgery Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia

The whirl sign refers to the computed tomography(CT)radiological finding of swirl of the small bowel and adjacent mesenteric soft tissue around the twisted mesenteric *** whirl sign is highly specific for small bowel volvulus(SBV)and raises the suspicion of closed loop *** all patients with whirl signs associated with small bowel obstruction(SBO)require operative intervention,and one study showed that patients with whirl signs are 25 times more likely to need surgery.

关键词： obstruction surgery bowel

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Epigenetic silencing of BEND4,a novel DNA damage repair gene,is a synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in pancreatic cancer

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第4期18卷 721-734页

作者： Yuanxin Yao Honghui Lv Meiying Zhang Yuan Li james G.Herman Malcolm V.Brock Aiai Gao Qian Wang Francois Fuks Lirong Zhang Mingzhou Guo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15213USA Department of surgery School of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics Faculty of MedicineULB-Cancer Research Center(U-CRC)Universite Libre de Bruxelles(ULB)Brussels1070Belgium National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China

Synthetic lethality is a novel model for cancer *** understand the function and mechanism of BEN domain-containing protein 4(BEND4)in pancreatic cancer,eight cell lines and a total of 492 cases of pancreatic neoplasia samples were included in this ***-specific polymerase chain reaction,CrISPr/Cas9,immunoprecipitation assay,comet assay,and xenograft mouse model were ***4 is a new member of the BEN domain *** expression of BEND4 is regulated by promoter region *** is methylated in 58.1%(176/303)of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),33.3%(14/42)of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,31.0%(13/42)of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor,14.3%(3/21)of mucinous cystic neoplasm,4.3%(2/47)of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm,and 2.7%(1/37)of serous cystic ***4 methylation is significantly associated with late-onset PDAC(>50 years,Pr differentiation(Pr prognostic marker(Pr-suppressive roles in vitro and in ***,BEND4 involves non-homologous end joining signaling by interacting with Ku80 and promotes DNA damage *** of BEND4 increased the sensitivity of PDAC cells to ATM ***,the present study revealed an uncharacterized tumor suppressor BEND4 and indicated that methylation of BEND4 may serve as a potential synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in PDAC treatment.

关键词： BEND4 DNA methylation synthetic lethality NHEJ pathway

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Sim-to-real: A Performance Comparison of PPO, TD3, and SAC reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Quadruped Walking Gait Generation

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2024年第2期16卷 23-43页

作者： james W. Mock Suresh S. Muknahallipatna Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA

The performance of the state-of-the-art Deep reinforcement algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization, Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, and Soft Actor-Critic for generating a quadruped walking gait in a virtual environment was presented in previous research work titled “A Comparison of PPO, TD3, and SAC reinforcement Algorithms for Quadruped Walking Gait Generation”. We demonstrated that the Soft Actor-Critic reinforcement algorithm had the best performance generating the walking gait for a quadruped in certain instances of sensor configurations in the virtual environment. In this work, we present the performance analysis of the state-of-the-art Deep reinforcement algorithms above for quadruped walking gait generation in a physical environment. The performance is determined in the physical environment by transfer learning augmented by real-time reinforcement learning for gait generation on a physical quadruped. The performance is analyzed on a quadruped equipped with a range of sensors such as position tracking using a stereo camera, contact sensing of each of the robot legs through force resistive sensors, and proprioceptive information of the robot body and legs using nine inertial measurement units. The performance comparison is presented using the metrics associated with the walking gait: average forward velocity (m/s), average forward velocity variance, average lateral velocity (m/s), average lateral velocity variance, and quaternion root mean square deviation. The strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm for the given task on the physical quadruped are discussed.

关键词： reinforcement Learning reality Gap Position Tracking Action Spaces Domain randomization

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Application of Elzaki Transform Method to Market Volatility Using the Black-Scholes Model

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第3期12卷 819-828页

作者： Henrietta Ify Ojarikre Ideh rapheal Ebimene james Mamadu Department of Mathematics Delta State University Abraka Nigeria

Black-Scholes Model (B-SM) simulates the dynamics of financial market and contains instruments such as options and puts which are major indices requiring solution. B-SM is known to estimate the correct prices of European Stock options and establish the theoretical foundation for Option pricing. Therefore, this paper evaluates the Black-Schole model in simulating the European call in a cash flow in the dependent drift and focuses on obtaining analytic and then approximate solution for the model. The work also examines Fokker Planck Equation (FPE) and extracts the link between FPE and B-SM for non equilibrium systems. The B-SM is then solved via the Elzaki transform method (ETM). The computational procedures were obtained using MAPLE 18 with the solution provided in the form of convergent series.

关键词： Elzaki Transform Method European Call Black-Scholes Model Fokker-Planck Equation Market Volatility

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