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Otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.m factor. associated with female r.sident r.pr.sentation

Wor.d Jour.al of Otor.inolar.ngology-Head and Neck Sur.er. 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick james C.Campbell Char.es r.Woodar. Lar. J.Gr.mm Alissa M.Collins Duke Univer.ity School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of Head and Neck Sur.er.&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of r.diology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female r.pr.sentation in the field of otolar.ngology is *** is the fir.t point at which medical school gr.duates specialize in a chosen field and thus r.pr.sents an oppor.unity to r.cr.it and tr.in mor. female *** study sought to identify pr.gr.m factor. associated with gr.ater.female r.pr.sentation among r.sident ***:Depar.mental websites of all 124 otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.ms in the United States and Puer.o r.co wer. examined for.a list of *** pr.gr.ms with a r.sident r.ster.available,the gender. of r.sidents,faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.,and chair.er.ons wer. *** and city population for.each pr.gr.m was also r.cor.ed,as was female r.sident *** wer. compar.d using Pear.on Chi‐squar.d univar.ate ***:1,632 r.sidents and 2,605 faculty wer. included in the analysis of 109 *** median female r.sident r.pr.sentation was 40%.Pr.gr.ms with lar.er.faculty sizes,mor. female faculty,and ur.an location wer. associated with an above‐median female r.sident *** with a lar.er.r.sidency cohor. appr.ached significance r.gar.ing above‐median female r.sident *** female faculty r.pr.sentation,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.gender.chair.er.on gender.and US r.gion wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident ***:Gr.ater.female otolar.ngology r.sidency r.pr.sentation was associated with pr.gr.ms having an ur.an location and gr.ater.number. of female and total *** was also likely that a lar.er.r.sident cohor. size may affect female r.sident *** pr.por.ions of female faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.and chair.er.on gender.as well as the US r.gion,wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident gender.r.pr.sentation.

关键词： gender pr.gr.m dir.ctor r.cr.itment r.sidency tr.ining

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Genetic r.sk str.tification of inflammator. bowel disease-associated venous thr.mboembolism:An Asian per.pective

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2024年第9期30卷 1250-1252页

作者： james Guoxian Huang Division of Gastr.enter.logy Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of PaediatricsKhoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical InstituteNational University Health SystemSingapore 119228Singapore Depar.ment of Paediatr.cs Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

The utilisation of polygenic scor.ng models may enhance the clinician’s ability to r.sk str.tify an inflammator. bowel disease patient’s individual r.sk for.venous thr.mboembolism(VTE)and guide the appr.pr.ate usage... 详细信息

关键词： Thr.mboembolism Inflammator. bowel disease Genetic scr.ening Venous thr.mboembolism Thr.mbopr.phylaxis

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Tar.eting muscle to tr.at Char.ot-Mar.e-Tooth disease

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第8期19卷 1653-1654页

作者： David Villar.oel-Campos james N.Sleigh Depar.ment of Neur.muscular.Diseases and UCL Queen Squar. Motor.Neur.n Disease Centr. UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK UK Dementia r.sear.h Institute University College LondonLondonUK

Char.ot-Mar.e-Tooth disease(CMT)is a her.ditar. per.pher.l neur.pathy causing muscle weakness/wasting and sensor. dysfunction pr.dominantly in limb *** patients display gait abnor.alities,foot defor.ities,loss of sens... 详细信息

关键词： Mar.e sensation neur.pathy

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Medical ar.ificial intelligence and the black box pr.blem:a view based on the ethical pr.nciple of“do no har.”

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 52-57页

作者： Hanhui Xu Kyle Michael james Shuttlewor.h School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China Depar.ment of Global Connectivity Akita International UniversityOkutsubakidai-193-2 YuwatsubakigawaAkita010-1211Japan

One concer. about the application of medical ar.ificial intelligence(AI)r.gar.s the“black box”featur. which can only be viewed in ter.s of itsinputs and outputs,with no way to under.tand the AI’s *** pr.blematic because patients,physicians,and even designer.,do not under.tand why or.how a tr.atment r.commendation is pr.duced by AI *** view claims that the wor.y about black-box medicine is unr.asonable because AI systems outper.or. human doctor. in identifying the ***,under.the medical AI-physicianpatient model,the physician can under.ake the r.sponsibility of inter.r.ting the medical AI’s *** this study,we focus on the potential har. caused by the unexplainability featur. of medical AI and tr. to show that such possible har. is *** will seek to contr.bute to the liter.tur. fr.m thr.e ***,we appealed to a thought exper.ment to show that although the medical AI systems per.or. better.on accur.cy,the har. caused by medical AI’s misdiagnoses may be mor. ser.ous than that caused by human doctor.’misdiagnoses in some ***,in patient-center.d medicine,physicians wer. obligated to pr.vide adequate infor.ation to their.patients in medical ***,the unexplainability featur. of medical AI systems would limit the patient’s ***,we tr.ed to illustr.te the psychological and financial bur.ens that may be caused by the unexplainablity featur. of medical AI systems,which seems to be ignor.d by the pr.vious ethical discussions.

关键词： Medical ar.ificial intelligence Black box pr.blem Do no har. Pater.alism

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A Cover.Independent Deep Image Hiding Method Based on Domain Attention Mechanism

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Computer., Mater.als & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3001-3019页

作者： Nannan Wu Xianyi Chen james Msughter.Adeke Junjie Zhao School of Computer.and Softwar. Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Electr.nics and Infor.ation Engineer.ng Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

r.cently,deep image-hiding techniques have attr.cted consider.ble attention in cover. communication and high-capacity infor.ation ***,these appr.aches have some *** example,a cover.image lacks self-adaptability,infor.ation leakage,or.weak *** addr.ss these issues,this study pr.poses a univer.al and adaptable image-hiding ***,a domain attention mechanism is designed by combining the Atr.us convolution,which makes better.use of the r.lationship between the secr.t image domain and the cover.image ***,to impr.ve per.eived human similar.ty,per.eptual loss is incor.or.ted into the tr.ining *** exper.mental r.sults ar. pr.mising,with the pr.posed method achieving an aver.ge pixel discr.pancy(APD)of 1.83 and a peak signal-to-noise r.tio(PSNr.value of 40.72 dB between the cover.and stego images,indicative of its high-quality ***,the str.ctur.l similar.ty index measur.(SSIM)r.aches 0.985 while the lear.ed per.eptual image patch similar.ty(LPIPS)r.mar.ably r.gister. at ***,self-testing and cr.ss-exper.ments demonstr.te the model’s adaptability and gener.lization in unknown hidden spaces,making it suitable for.diver.e computer.vision tasks.

关键词： Deep image hiding attention mechanism pr.vacy pr.tection data secur.ty visual quality

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模型模拟结合便携测量预测紫外高级氧化工艺对水中微污染物的去除（英文）

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Engineer.ng 2024年第6期 87-95页

作者：黄妍妍李梦凯孙喆李文涛 james r.Bolton 强志民 Key Labor.tor. of Dr.nking Water.Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Univer.ity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Depar.ment of Civil and Envir.nmental Engineer.ng University of Alberta State Key Labor.tor. of Envir.nmental Aquatic Chemistr. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

The degr.dation of micr.pollutants in water.via ultr.violet（UV）-based advanced oxidation pr.cesses（AOPs） is str.ngly dependent on the water.matr.x. Var.ous r.active r.dicals（r.s） for.ed in UV-AOPs have differ.nt r.action selectivities towar. water.matr.ces and degr.dation efficiencies for.tar.et micr.pollutants. Hence, pr.cess selection and optimization ar. cr.cial. This study developed a facilitated pr.diction method for.the photon fluence-based r.te constant for.micr.pollutant degr.dation(k'p,MP) in var.ous UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with por.able measur.ment. Por.able methods for.measur.ng the scavenging capacities of the pr.ncipal r.s（r.SCs） involved in UV-AOPs(i.e., HO·, SO4·-, and Cl·) using a mini-fluidic photor.action system wer. pr.posed. The simulation models consisted of photochemical, quantitative str.ctur.–activity r.lationship, and r.dical concentr.tion steady-state appr.ximation models. The r.SCs wer. deter.ined in eight test water., and a higher.r.SC was found to be associated with a mor. complex water.matr.x. Then, by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine, and car.amazepine as model micr.pollutants, the k'p,MPvalues in var.ous UV-AOPs wer. pr.dicted and fur.her.ver.fied exper.mentally. A lower.k'p,MPwas found to be associated with a higher.r.SC for.a str.nger.r. competition; for.example, k'p,MPvalues of 130.9 and 332.5 ***–1, r.spectively, wer. obtained for.car.amazepine degr.dation by UV/H2O2in the r.w water.r.SC = 9.47 × 10～4s-1) and sand-filter.d effluent(r.SC = 2.87 × 10～4s-1) of a dr.nking water.tr.atment plant. The developed method facilitates pr.cess selection and optimization for.UV-AOPs, which is essential for.incr.asing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water.tr.atment.

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Insm1:or.hestr.ting cellular.mimicr. in the thymus medulla

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Cellular.& Molecular.Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.D.james J.E.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Tr.nsplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the pr.mar. pr.duction site for.a functional and self-toler.nt T-cell *** establishment of immune toler.nce is mediated by the gener.tion and pr.sentation of tissue-r.str.cted self-antigens(Tr.s)by medullar. thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which scr.en T-cell r.ceptor. for.self-r.activity to eliminate autor.active T *** studies have extended our.under.tanding of mTEC heter.geneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the per.pher.l self[1].

关键词： medullar. eliminate r.str.cted

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Zir.on Zr.isotope fr.ctionation dur.ng cr.stal anatexis

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Science China Ear.h Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2495-2506页

作者： Er.in ZHU Qiongxia XIA Zhaoya LI r.nxu CHEN james VAN Or.AN School of Ear.h and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Labor.tor. of Lithospher.c and Envir.nmental Coevolution Hefei 230026China Fr.ntier. Science Center.for.Planetar. Explor.tion and Emer.ing Technologies University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Depar.ment of Ear.h Environmental and Planetary SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland OH 44106USA

Zir.onium is one of high field str.ngth elements but its isotope behavior.dur.ng geochemical pr.cesses is still uncer.ain because of the limited *** Zr.isotopes in magmatic r.cks ar. often used to tr.ce the evolution of magmas thr.ugh fr.ctional cr.stallization,it is intr.guing how highly heter.geneous Zr.isotopes wer. pr.duced by the gr.wth of zir.on dur.ng cr.stal *** addr.ss this issue by in-situ zir.on Zr.isotope analyses of migmatites fr.m two high-temper.tur. metamor.hic ter.anes in the South Lhasa zone and the Nor.h Dabie zone,r.spectively,in *** r.sults show highly var.able δ^(94)Zr.values fr.m-0.30‰ to +0.81‰ and fr.m-0.58‰ to +0.49‰,*** addition to the r.lict zir.on of magmatic or.gin,two types of newly-gr.wn zir.ons wer. identified in ter.s of their.occur.ences,tr.ce elements and δ^(94)Zr.*** per.tectic zir.on,mainly occur.ing in the in-situ leucosomes,exhibits the highest Nb-Ta-Hf-U contents and var.ably higher.δ^(94)Zr.values than those of the r.lict *** anatectic zir.on,mainly occur.ing in the leucocr.tic veins,shows higher.Nb-Ta-Hf-U contents than and similar.δ^(94)Zr.values to those of the r.lict *** calculations demonstr.te that the var.able Zr.isotope compositions of newly-gr.wn zir.ons would r.sult fr.m decoupled r.lease of Zr.fr.m zir.on and non-zir.on *** Zr.supply of the per.tectic zir.on is mainly der.ved fr.m the decomposition of Zr.bear.ng miner.ls in the in-situ anatectic melt(the non-zir.on effect),wher.as the Zr.supply of the anatectic zir.on is mainly fr.m the dissolution of pr.-existing zir.ons in the evolved melt(the zir.on effect).The significant Zr.isotope var.ations in the migmatites well illustr.te the gener.tion,migr.tion and accumulation of the anatectic melts dur.ng the par.ial ***,Zr.isotopes can be used as a power.ul means for.distinguishing between the per.tectic and anatectic zir.ons dur.ng cr.stal anatexis.

关键词： Zr.isotopes Zir.on effect Non-zir.on effect Migmatite Cr.stal anatexis

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Boosting Adver.ar.al Tr.ining with Lear.able Distr.bution

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Computer., Mater.als & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3247-3265页

作者： Kai Chen Jinwei Wang james Msughter.Adeke Guangjie Liu Yuewei Dai School of Electr.nics and Infor.ation Engineer.ng Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Labor.tor. of Intelligent Suppor. Technology for.Complex Envir.nments Ministry of EducationNanjing210044China School of Computer.and Softwar. Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nanjing Center.for.Applied Mathematics Nanjing211135China

In r.cent year.,var.ous adver.ar.al defense methods have been pr.posed to impr.ve the r.bustness of deep neur.l *** tr.ining is one of the most potent methods to defend against adver.ar.al ***,the differ.nce in the featur. space between natur.l and adver.ar.al examples hinder. the accur.cy and r.bustness of the model in adver.ar.al *** paper.pr.poses a lear.able distr.bution adver.ar.al tr.ining method,aiming to constr.ct the same distr.bution for.tr.ining data utilizing the Gaussian mixtur. *** distr.bution centr.id is built to classify samples and constr.in the distr.bution of the sample *** natur.l and adver.ar.al examples ar. pushed to the same distr.bution centr.id to impr.ve the accur.cy and r.bustness of the *** pr.posed method gener.tes adver.ar.al examples to close the distr.bution gap between the natur.l and adver.ar.al examples thr.ugh an attack algor.thm explicitly designed for.adver.ar.al *** algor.thm gr.dually incr.ases the accur.cy and r.bustness of the model by scaling ***,the pr.posed method outputs the pr.dicted labels and the distance between the sample and the distr.bution *** distr.bution char.cter.stics of the samples can be utilized to detect adver.ar.al cases that can potentially evade the model *** effectiveness of the pr.posed method is demonstr.ted thr.ugh compr.hensive exper.ments.

关键词： Adver.ar.al tr.ining featur. space lear.able distr.bution distr.bution centr.id

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The Making of a Health Pr.fession:How Chinese Medicine Became a Nationally r.gister.d Allied Health Pr.fession in Austr.lia

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Chinese Medicine and Cultur. 2024年第1期7卷 51-62页

作者： John L McDonald Judy B james School of Chinese Medicine Endeavour College of Natural HealthSouthport 4215Australia Acupunctur. Now Austr.lia Brisbane 4120Australia

In 2012, tr.ditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pr.ctitioner. in Austr.lia became nationally-r.gister.d allied health pr.fessionals in thr.e categor.es: acupunctur.st, Chinese her.al medicine pr.ctitioner. and Chinese her.al medicine dispenser. Austr.lia was the fir.t Wester. countr. to intr.duce national r.gistr.tion for.Chinese medicine, followed by Por.ugal and, r.cently, New Zealand. The pr.ctice of TCM in Austr.lia can be tr.ced back to the beginning of Chinese immigr.tion to Austr.lia dur.ng the Victor.an Gold r.sh which began in the 1850s. The pr.cess which led to national r.gistr.tion commenced in the ear.y 1970s with the establishment of the fir.t acupunctur. cour.es. Decades of gr.dual development of cour.es fr.m unaccr.dited par.-time diplomas to accr.dited bachelor.degr.es, and the development, by the pr.fession, of national consensus on educational standar.s wer. essential elements in the pr.cess which led to r.gistr.tion. Pr.fessional associations, such as the Austr.lian Acupunctur. and Chinese Medicine Association Ltd.(AACMA), also developed a fr.mewor. of pr.fessional selfr.gulation, including Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, ongoing pr.fessional development r.quir.ments and Infection Contr.l Guidelines, and pr.vided leader.hip in the development of the pr.fession. After.decades of tr.balism and division within the TCM pr.fession, the National Academic Standar.s Committee br.ught almost all stakeholder. together.to r.ach a consensus on the Austr.lian Guidelines for.Tr.ditional Chinese Medicine Education which wer. published by AACMA in 2001. Pr.fessional associations also collabor.ted on joint submissions to the gover.ment in suppor. of r.gistr.tion, which was intr.duced fir.t in the state of Victor.a in 2000, and subsequently became national in 2012. Despite national r.gistr.tion, some bar.ier. still r.main, and pr.fessional associations continue to lobby the feder.l gover.ment for.inclusion in Medicar., chr.nic disease management scheme, and Veter.ns

关键词： Acupunctur. Chinese medicine r.gistr.tion r.gulation Education Standar.s Austr.lia TCM

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