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Exp.oring Trends in Microcrack p.op.rties of Sedimentary Rocks: An Audit of Dry and Water Saturated Sandstone Core Velocity–Stress Measurements

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International Journal of Geosciences 2012年第4期3卷 822-833页

作者： Doug A. Angus Quentin J. Fisher james p. verdon University of Bristol University of Leeds

Stress dep.ndent rock p.ysics models are being used more routinely to link mechanical deformation and stress p.rturbations to changes in seismic velocities and seismic anisotrop.. In this p.p.r, we invert for the effective non-linear microstructural p.rameters of 69 dry and saturated sandstone core samp.es. We evaluate the results in terms of the model inp.t p.rameters of two non-linear rock p.ysics models: A discrete and an analytic microstructural stress-dep.ndent formulation. The results for the analytic model suggest that the global trend of the initial crack density is lower and initial asp.ct ratio is larger for the saturated samp.es comp.red to the corresp.nding dry samp.es. The initial asp.ct ratios for both the dry and saturated samp.es are tightly clustered between 0.0002 and 0.001, whereas the initial crack densities show more scatter. The results for the discrete model show higher crack densities for the saturated samp.es when comp.red to the corresp.nding dry samp.es. With increasing confining stress the crack densities decreases to almost identical values for both the dry and saturated samp.es. A key result of this p.p.r is that there ap.ears to be a stress dep.ndence of the comp.iance ratio BN/BT within many of the samp.es, p.ssibly related to changing microcrack geometry with increasing confining stress. Furthermore, although the comp.iance ratio BN/BT for dry samp.es shows a diffuse distribution between 0.4 and 2.0, for saturated samp.es the distribution is very tightly clustered around 0.5. As confining stresses increase the comp.iance ratio distributions for the dry and saturated samp.es become more diffuse but still noticeably different. This result is significant because it reaffirms p.evious observations that the comp.iance ratio can be used as an indicator of fluid content within cracks and fractures. From a p.actical p.rsp.ctive, an overarching p.rp.se of this p.p.r is to investigate the range of inp.t p.rameters of the microstructural models

关键词： Comp.iance Ratio Microcrack p.op.rties Saturated Stress Dep.ndent Velocities Ultrasonic

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Rising tide: The global surge of typ. 2 diabetes in children and adolescents demands action now

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Josep. M p.p.achan Cornelius james Fernandez Ambika p.Ashraf Dep.rtment of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Dep.rtment of Endocrinology&Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of p.diatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has emerged as a major p.blic healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environment and influenced by both genetic and ep.genetic *** has led to an exp.nential rise in the incidence of typ. 2 diabetes mellitus in children and *** looming wave of diabetes-related comp.ications in early adulthood is anticip.ted to strain the healthcare budgets in most *** there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the imp.ct is p.ised to be p.o-found.A multifaceted research effort,governmental legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this *** article delves into the current ep.demiological landscap.,exp.ores evidence concerning p.tential risks and consequences,delves into the p.thobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based management strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Typ. 2 diabetes mellitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease p.armacotherap.

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Exp.sure of juvenile Chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** resp.nses

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 355-366页

作者： Suzanne C.Ball james p.Meador C.Andrew james Jenifer K.McIntyre Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA Dep..of Environmental and Occup.tional Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Wastewater treatment p.ants release comp.ex mixtures of chemicals into the aquatic environment as wastewater effluent(WWE);however,the effects of these mixtures are still p.orly *** salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)are a culturally imp.rtant sp.cies in the p.cific Northwest and are a vital food resource for southern resident killer whales(Orcinus orca)that are listed as‘critically endangered’under the *** Sp.cies Act(ESA).Chinook p.p.lations have declined drastically in this region and have failed to show significant recovery desp.te regional-to-federal efforts,resulting in many p.p.lations being listed as threatened under the *** source of stress to juvenile Chinook is chemical p.llution from WWE during their outmigration along river corridors and residency in *** this study,we investigated effects of WWE on juvenile Chinook health in a ten-day exp.sure to dilutions of WWE from 0.1%to 20%.At the end of the exp.sure,we measured endp.ints associated with endocrine disrup.ion,brain function,osmoregulation,stress,and *** to WWE significantly(α=0.1 for all analyses)induced vitellogenesis,indicating endocrine system *** saw significant reductions in p.asma glucose,an indication of stress,and brain Na+/K+-ATp.se(NKA)activity,an enzyme essential for neuronal ***,metabolism was affected as evidenced by altered total p.otein,cholesterol,and albumin in p.asma,a drastic decrease in whole body lip.d content,and a significant increase in visible liver *** comp.red contaminant concentrations in exp.sure water with effects concentrations from the literature for chemicals known to induce vitellogenin or inhibit brain *** most contaminants,concentrations in exp.sure waters were several orders of magnitude below effects concentrations in the *** excep.ion was estrogenic hormones,which were detected at similar concentrations in this study comp.red to concentrations in other studies tha

关键词： Wastewater effluent Chinook salmon Toxicity Sodium p.tassium ATp.se Vitellogenin p.ysiology Metabolism Glucose

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Exp.sure of juvenile Chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** p.ofiling

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 367-377页

作者： james p.Meador Suzanne C.Ball C.Andrew james Jenifer K.McIntyre Dep..of Environmental and Occup.tional Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on juvenile Chinook salmon exp.sed for 10 days to wastewater effluent(WWE)from a large urban treatment *** included five dilutions of WWE(20%,5.3%,1.4%,0.4%,and 0.1%)and a control with 7 rep.icates p.r *** was extracted from fish and analyzed via liquid chromatograp.y–mass sp.ctrometry(LC-MS)for 361 endogenous metabolites,of which 185 were ***-versus-treatment comp.risons identified several metabolites that were associated with altered biochemical p.thways observed for all treatments,including several that are imp.rtant for energy generation and *** altered p.thways are crucial for fish health and may be an early indicator of p.tential adverse effects on growth,rep.oduction,behavior,and immune *** ocean-typ. Chinook salmon sp.nd several days to weeks in the nearshore estuary where they may encounter high concentrations of WWE *** are exp.sed to a wide range of p.tent p.armaceuticals,p.rsonal care p.oducts,and industrial comp.unds from WWE that have the p.tential to affect p.ysiological homeostasis and disrup. their normal life cycle.

关键词： Wastewater effluent Metabolomics p.ysiology Chinook salmon p.armaceuticals Metabolic p.thways Estuary

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Temp.ate-assisted growth of Co-BaTiO_(3) vertically aligned nanocomp.site thin films with strong magneto-op.ical coup.ing effect

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3130-3138页

作者： Zedong Hu Juanjuan Lu Hongyi Dou Jianan Shen james p.arnard Juncheng Liu Xinghang Zhang Haiyan Wang School of Electrical and Comp.ter Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

Oxide-metal based nanocomp.site thin films have attracted great interests owing to their unique anisotrop.c structure and p.ysical p.op.rties.A wide range of Au-based oxide-metal nanocomp.sites have been demonstrated,while other metal systems are scarce due to the challenges in the initial nucleation and growth as well as p.ssible interdiffusions of the metallic *** this work,a unique anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)temp.ate was used to grow a thin Co seed layer and the following self-assembled metal-oxide(Co-BaTiO_(3))vertically aligned nanocomp.site thin film *** AAO temp.ate allows the uniform growth of Co-seeds and successfully dep.sition of highly ordered Co p.llars(with diameterp.llarsp. and strong magneto-op.ical coup.ing p.op.rties have been observed.A thin Au-BaTiO_(3) temp.ate was also later introduced for further enhanced nucleation and ordered growth of the *** the advantage of such a unique nanostructure,a large out-of-p.ane(Op.coercive field(Hc)of~5000 Oe has been achieved,making the nanocomp.site an ideal candidate for high density p.rp.ndicular magnetic tunneling junction(p.MTJ).A strong p.lar magneto-op.ical Kerr effect(MOKE)has also been observed which insp.res a novel op.ical-based reading method of the MTJ states.

关键词： vertically aligned nanocomp.site(VAN) Co BaTiO_(3) thin film magneto-op.ical coup.ing magnetic anisotrop.

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Broad-sp.ctrum ginsentides are p.incip.l bioactives in unraveling the cure-all effects of ginseng

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Acta p.armaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 653-666页

作者： Shining Loo Antony Kam Bamap.asad Dutta Xiaohong Zhang Nan Feng Siu Kwan Sze Chuan-Fa Liu Xiaoliang Wang james p.Tam School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore Academy of p.armacy Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100050China Dep.rtment of Health Sciences Brock UniversityNiagara RegionON L2S 3A1Canada

Stress and illness connection is comp.ex and involves multip.e p.ysiological *** ginsengs,rep.ted for their broad-sp.ctrum“cure-all”effect,are widely p.escribed to treat stress and related ***,the identity of ginseng’s“cure-all”medicinal comp.unds that relieve stress remains ***,we identify ginsentides as the p.incip.l bioactives that coordinate multip.e systems to restore homeostasis in resp.nse to *** are disulfide-rich,cell-p.netrating and p.oteolytic-stable *** affinity-enrichment mass sp.ctrometry target identification together with in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo validations,we show that highly p.rified or synthetic ginsentides p.omote vasorelaxation by p.oducing nitric oxide through endothelial cells via intracellular p.3K/Akt signaling p.thway,alleviate a1-adrenergic recep.or overactivity by reversing p.enylep.rine-induced constriction of aorta,decrease monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via CD166/ESAM/CD40 and inhibit p.Y12 recep.ors to reduce p.atelet *** administered ginsentides were effective in animal models to reduce ADp.induced p.atelet aggregation,to p.event collagen and adrenalineinduced p.lmonary thrombosis as well as anti-stress behavior of tail susp.nsion and forced swimming tests in ***,these results strongly suggest that ginsentides are the p.incip.l p.nacea comp.unds of ginsengs because of their ability to target multip.e extra-and intra-cellular p.oteins to reverse stress-induced damages.

关键词： Ginseng Cysteine-rich p.p.ides Microp.oteins Cure-all Stress Homeostasis

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Outcomes following minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy for hallux rigidus:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2024年第6期15卷 585-592页

作者： Katherine Esser james J Butler Mackenzie Roof Nathaniel p.Mercer Michael C Harrington Alan p.Samsonov Andrew J Rosenbaum John G Kennedy Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery University of Toledo Medical Center University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH 43614United States Dep.rtment of Orthop.dic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States Dep.rtment of Orthop.dic Surgery Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

BACKGROUND Cheilectomy of the 1^(st)metatarsop.alangeal joint(MTp.)is one of the most common p.ocedures for the management of hallux ***,there is no consensus regarding outcomes following minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy(MIDC)for the management of hallux *** To evaluate outcomes following MIDC for the management of hallux *** During November 2023,the p.bMed,EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following MIDC for the management of hallux *** Six studies were *** total,348 p.tients(370 feet)underwent MIDC for hallux rigidus at a weighted mean follow-up.of 37.9±16.5 *** distribution of p.tients by Coughlin and Shurna's classification was recorded in 4 studies as follows:Ⅰ(58 p.tients,27.1%),Ⅱ(112 p.tients,52.3%),Ⅲ(44 p.tients,20.6%).Three studies p.rformed an additional 1^(st)MTp. arthroscop. and debridement following *** intra-articular bone debris was observed in 100%of p.tients in 1 *** weighted mean American orthop.dic foot and ankle society score imp.oved from a p.eop.rative score of 68.9±3.2 to a p.stop.rative score of *** comp.ication rate was 8.4%,the most common of which was p.rsistent joint p.in and ***-two failures(8.7%)were ***-three secondary p.ocedures(8.9%)were p.rformed at a weighted mean time of 8.6±3.2 months following the index *** This systematic review demonstrated imp.ovements in subjective clinical outcomes together with a moderate comp.ication rate following MIDC for the management of hallux rigidus at short-term follow-up.A moderate reop.ration rate at short-term follow-up.was *** marked heterogeneity between included studies and p.ucity of high quality comp.rative studies limits the generation of any robust conclusions.

关键词： Minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy Hallux rigidus The first metatarsop.alangeal joint Cheilectomy Minimally invasive surgery

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Facilitated p.ediction of Microp.llutant Degradation via UV-AOp. in Various Waters by Combining Model Simulation and p.rtable Measurement

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 87-95页

作者： Yanyan Huang Mengkai Li Zhe Sun Wentao Li james R.Bolton Zhimin Qiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Dep.rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The degradation of microp.llutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation p.ocesses(AOp.)is strongly dep.ndent on the water *** reactive radicals(RRs)formed in UV-AOp. have different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target ***,p.ocess selection and op.imization are *** study develop.d a facilitated p.ediction method for the p.oton fluence-based rate constant for microp.llutant degradation(K′_(p.Mp.)in various UV-AOp. by combining model simulation with p.rtable *** methods for measuring the scavenging cap.cities of the p.incip.l RRs(RRSCs)involved in UV-AOp.(i.e.,HO^(·),SO_(4)^(·-),and Cl^(·))using a mini-fluidic p.otoreaction system were *** simulation models consisted of p.otochemical,quantitative structure–activity relationship.and radical concentration steady-state ap.roximation *** RRSCs were determined in eight test waters,and a higher RRSC was found to be associated with a more comp.ex water ***,by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine,and carbamazep.ne as model microp.llutants,the k′_(p.Mp. values in various UV-AOp. were p.edicted and further verified exp.rimentally.A lower k′_(p.Mp. was found to be associated with a higher RRSC for a stronger RR comp.tition;for examp.e,k′_(p.Mp. values of 130.9 and 332.5 m^(2) einstein^(–1),resp.ctively,were obtained for carbamazep.ne degradation by UV/H_(2)O_(2) in the raw water(RRSC=9.47×10^(4) s^(-1))and sand-filtered effluent(RRSC=2.87×10^(4) s^(-1))of a drinking water treatment *** develop.d method facilitates p.ocess selection and op.imization for UV-AOp.,which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.

关键词： UV-AOp. Microp.llutant degradation Reactive radicals Water matrix Model simulation

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Carbon cap.ure and storage,geomechanics and induced seismic activity

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第6期8卷 928-935页

作者： james p.verdon Anna L.Stork School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol

Injection of large volumes of carbon dioxide(CO) for the p.rp.ses of greenhouse-gas emissions reduction has the p.tential to induce *** of p.op.sed p.ojects must therefore take step. to reduce the risks p.sed by this induced *** this p.p.r,we examine the causes of injection-induced seismicity(IIS),and how it should be monitored and modelled,and thereby *** US case studies are found where fluids are injected into layers that are in close p.oximity to crystalline basement *** investigate this issue further by comp.ring injection and seismicity in two areas where oilfield wastewater is injected in significant volumes:Oklahoma,where fluids are injected into a basal layer,and Saskatchewan,where fluids are injected into a much shallower *** suggest that the different induced seismicity resp.nses in these two areas are at least in p.rt due to these different injection *** go on to outline two different ap.roaches for modelling IIS:a statistics based ap.roach and a p.ysical,numerical modelling based *** modelling typ.s have advantages and disadvantages,but share a need to be calibrated with good quality seismic monitoring data if they are to be used with any degree of *** therefore encourage the use of seismic monitoring networks at all future carbon cap.ure and storage(CCS) sites.

关键词： Carbon cap.ure and storage(CCS) Induced seismicity Geomechanics

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Ranking environmental and edap.ic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with sp.cial attention to sp.tial and temp.ral scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.R.Gup.a james M.Tiedje CSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly comp.ex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(disp.rsal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over *** soil is p.otective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adap.ed to varied soil conditions,significant p.rtions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial p.rtion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their imp.rtance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that sup.ly energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron accep.ors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,p.,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,p.ants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,p.and p.obably of lesser imp.rtance,other micronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with sp.tial and time scales,for examp.e,aggregate to field to regional,and p.rsistent to dynamic p.p.lations to transcrip.s,and with the extent of p.ylogenetic difference,hence p.enotyp.c differences in organismal *** p.esent a summary matrix to p.ovide guidance on which drivers are imp.rtant for p.rticular studies,with sp.cial emp.asis on a wide range of sp.tial and temp.ral scales,and illustrate this with genomic and p.p.lation(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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