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Biochar addition to vineyard soils:effects on soil functions,grape yield and wine quality

Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 565-577页

作者： Manuel García-Jaramillo Kylie M.Meyer Claire L.Phillips Verónica Acosta-Martínez james osborne Alexander D.Levin Kristin M.Trippe Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit3450 SW Campus WayCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the EnvironmentAmesIA 50011USA Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Unit USDA-ARSLubbockTX 79415USA Department of Food Science and Technology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center Oregon State UniversityCentral PointOR 97502USA Department of Horticulture Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

In response to increasing concerns over climate change,soil health and wine quality,grape growers are seeking new practices(e.g.,biochar application)to minimize their environmental footprint while increasing productivity and the quality of their *** explore the potential of biochar-based amendments to achieve these goals in wine grape production,vineyard trials were established in the fall of *** Oregon sites were chosen with distinct soil types and climates(Willamette Valley and Rogue Valley)but planted with the same grapevine scion/rootstock Pinot noir *** treatments were applied under vines at each location:no biochar-no tillage(NT);no biochar+tillage(B0);18 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B18);35 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B35).In 2019,a suite of soil health,plant,and crop variables were measured,and wines were produced after *** incorporation of biochar modified the chemical and physical composition of soils at the two studied locations,increasing the bioavailability of carbon and nitrogen,their gravimetric water content and the concentration of plant available micro and macro *** responses of plant physiology parameters or productivity at either site were found after biochar incorporation when compared with ***,a significant and gradual decrease in the amount of wine tannins was found as a result of biochar application in wines produced from grapes from the Woodhall ***-term field experiments are required to assess the effects of biochar on soil properties,vine physiol-ogy,productivity,and grape and wine quality several years after incorporation.

关键词： Soil health C sequestration Wine quality

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Combined risk modelling approach to identify the optimal carotid revascularisation approach

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 476-482,I0080-I0084页

作者： james Francis Burke Lewis B Morgenstern Nicholas H osborne Rodney A Hayward Neurology University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Vascular Surgery Univerity of Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Internal Medicine University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Background Carotid endarterectomy(CEA)results in fewer perioperative strokes,but more myocardial infarctions(MI)than carotid artery stenting(CAS).We explored a combined modelling approach that stratifies patients by baseline stroke and *** Baseline registry-based risk models for perioperative stroke and MI were identified via literature *** then selected treatment risk models in the Carotid Revascularisation Stenting versus Endarterectomy(CREST)trial by serially adding covariates(baseline risk,treatment(CEA vs CAS),treatment-risk interaction and age-treatment interaction terms).Treatment risk models were externally validated using data from the Society for Vascular Surgery(SVS)Vascular Quality Initiative(VQI)CEA and carotid stenting registries and treatment models were recalibrated to the SVS-VQI *** net benefit was estimated by summing the predicted stroke and MI risk differences with CEA versus *** Perioperative treatment models had moderate predictiveness(c-statistic 0.69 for stroke and 0.68 for MI)and reasonable calibration across the risk spectrum for both stroke and MI within *** external validation in SVS-VQI,predictiveness was substantially reduced(c-statistic 0.61 for stroke and 0.54 for MI)and models substantially overpredicted *** patients(86.7%)were predicted to have net benefit from CEA in CREST(97.0%of symptomatic patients vs 75%of asymptomatic patients).Discussion A combined modelling approach that separates risk elements has potential to inform optimal ***,our current approach is not ready for clinical *** data support guidelines that suggest that CEA should be the preferred revascularisation modality in most patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.

关键词： carotid Surgery optimal

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Deployment and demonstration of wide area monitoring system in power system of Great Britain

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第3期4卷 506-518页

作者： Peter WALL Papiya DATTARAY Zhaoyang JIN Priyanka MOHAPATRA james YU Douglas WILSON Karine HAY Stuart CLARK Mark osborne Phillip M.ASHTON Vladimir TERZIJA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK SP Energy Networks Ochil HouseHamilton International ParkBlantyre G720HTUK GE Grid Solutions 1 TanfieldEdinburgh EH35DAUK National Grid 1-3 StrandLondon WC2N 5EHUK

The creation of a suitable wide area monitoring system(WAMS) is widely recognized as an essential aspect of delivering a power system that will be secure,efficient and sustainable for the foreseeable future. In Great Britain(GB), the deployment of the first WAMS to monitor the entire power system in real time was the responsibility of the visualization of real time system dynamics using enhanced monitoring(VISOR) project. The core scope of the VISOR project is to deploy this WAMS and demonstrate how WAMS applications can in the near term provide system operators and planners with clear, actionable information. This paper presents the wider scope of the VISOR project and the GB wide WAMS that has been deployed. Furthermore, the paper describes some of the WAMS applications that have been deployed and provides examples of the measurement device performance issues that have been encountered during the project.

关键词： Model validation Line parameter estimation Subsynchronous oscillation Subsynchronous resonance synchronized measurement technology Wide area monitoring

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Evaluation of forage-based weaning systems in spring-born cross-bred beef calves

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 99-104页

作者： John Fredrick Odhiambo Robert Arthur Dailey Ronnie Helmondollar james Yeager Pritchard Phillip Irvin osborne Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences West Virginia University Morgantown USA West Virginia University Extension Service Randolph County Extension Office Elkins USA

Preconditioned calves have greater marketvalue per unit weight than normal-weaned calves. Development of a low cost forage-based preconditioning system allows producers to add value to their calf-crop. This study evaluated calf performance in three forage-based weaning systems;early-weaned calves were backgrounded in legume/grass forage plots and supplemented with commercial preconditioning feed (Treatment 1) or an on-farm corn-mix (Treatment 2). Control (Treatment 3) calves suckled for an additional 45 days. Supplements provided2.17 kgTDN/calf/ day. Weights were collected on days -30, 0 and 45 with respect to early weaning, from135 inyear 1 and 150 calves in each of the two subsequent years. Effects of treatment, age of dam, sex of calf and their interactions on calf weight gain were analyzed by analysis of covariance using GLM procedures of SAS. Marginal effects of treatment and feed cost were used to evaluate economic feasibility. Sensitivity analyses were evaluated for anticipated market fluctuations in feed costs and calf premiums. Data are reported as least squares means. Calf weight gains differed (P < 0.001) among treatments and averaged 1.16, 1.03 and1.04 kg/calf/day for commercial supplement, corn-mix and controls, respectively. Calves from 2-year-old cows gained less (P < 0.001) weight compared to those from cows 3 - 4 and ≥5 years of age (44.8, 48.9 and51.5 kg, respectively). Steers calves gained more (P < 0.001) weight compared to heifer calves (51.2 vs.45.7 kg, respectively). Net returns for corn mix were greater than those for commercial feed ($1.48 vs. $1.35/kg weight gain, respectively). Sensitivity analyses indicated that selection of preconditioning treatment to a large degree was less sensitive to significant changes in market conditions due to the large gap in marginal costs between the two treatments. In conclusion, forage-based weaning systems can be utilized to precondition calves providing an economical means for calf weight gain and profit

关键词： Preconditioning Beef Calves Early Weaning Weight Gain

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