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葬于泉边(节选)

初中生 2024年第11期 38-39页

作者：詹姆斯·斯凯勒不详

生词好句bury/beri/v.埋葬;安葬Weburied thedog inthe garden.我们把小狗埋在了花园里。spring/sprim/n.泉They sat by a spring to rest.他们坐在泉边休息。赏析詹姆斯·斯凯勒(james Schuyler,1923-1991),美国诗人,纽约诗派(The new York Schoolof Poetry)核心成员。斯凯勒的诗集《诗的早晨》(The Morning of the Poem)获1981年普利策诗歌奖(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry)。

关键词：普利策诗歌奖核心成员花园里凯勒

Therapeutic gene editing strategies using CRISPR-Cas9 for theβ-hemoglobinopathies

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2021年第2期35卷 115-134页

作者： james B.Papizan Shaina n.Porter Akshay Sharma Shondra M.Pruett-Miller Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Advanced Genome Engineering St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

With advancements in gene editing technologies,our ability to make precise and efficient modifications to the genome is increasing at a remarkable rate,paving the way for scientists and clinicians to uniquely treat a multitude of previously irremediable ***-Cas9,short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9,is a gene editing platform with the ability to alter the nucleotide sequence of the genome in living *** technology is increasing the number and pace at which new gene editing treatments for genetic disorders are moving toward the ***β-hemoglobinopathies are a group of monogenic diseases,which despite their high prevalence and chronic debilitating nature,continue to have few therapeutic options *** this review,we will discuss our existing comprehension of the genetics and current state of treatment forβ-hemoglobinopathies,consider potential genome editing therapeutic strategies,and provide an overview of the current state of clinical trials using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.

关键词： sickle cell disease sickle cell anemia fetal hemoglobin hemoglobinopathy CRISPR gene editing genome engineering

Compressing local atomic neighbourhood descriptors

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1593-1605页

作者： james P.Darby james R.Kermode Gábor Csányi Engineering Dept University of CambridgeTrumpington StCambridgeCB21PZUK Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK

Many atomic descriptors are currently limited by their unfavourable scaling with the number of chemical elements S *** length of body-ordered descriptors,such as the SOAP power spectrum(3-body)and the(ACE)(multiple body-orders),scales as(nS)^(ν)whereν+1 is the body-order and n is the number of radial basis functions used in the density *** introduce two distinct approaches which can be used to overcome this scaling for the SOAP power ***,we show that the power spectrum is amenable to lossless compression with respect to both S and n,so that the descriptor length can be reduced from O(n^(2)S^(2))to O(nS).Secondly,we introduce a generalised SOAP kernel,where compression is achieved through the use of the total,element agnostic density,in combination with radial *** ideas used in the generalised kernel are equally applicably to any other body-ordered descriptors and we demonstrate this for the(ACSF).

关键词： SOAP scaling kernel

Relating environmental variables with aquatic community structure in an agricultural/urban coldwater stream

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 481-499页

作者： Daniel T.L.Myers Richard R.Rediske james n.Mcnair Aaron D.Parker E.Wendy Ogilvie Annis Water Resources Institute Grand Valley State University740 W Shoreline DriveMuskegonMI 49401USA. Michigan Department of Environment Great Lakesand Energy525 W Allegan StreetLansingMI 48909USA. Grand Valley Metropolitan Council 678 Front Avenue NWSuite 200Grand RapidsMI 49504USA.

Background:Urban areas are often built along large rivers and surrounded by agricultural *** may lead to small tributary streams that have agricultural headwaters and urbanized lower *** study objectives assessed are as follows:(1)landscape,geomorphic,and water quality variables that best explained variation in aquatic communities and their integrity in a stream system following this agricultural-to-urban land use gradient;(2)ways this land use gradient caused aquatic communities to differ from what would be expected for an idealized natural stream or other longitudinal gradients;and(3)whether the impacts of this land use gradient on aquatic communities would grow larger in a downstream direction through the agricultural and urban *** study area was an impaired coldwater stream in Michigan,***:Many factors structured the biological communities along the agricultural-to-urban land use *** woody debris had the strongest relationship with EPT(Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera,and Trichoptera)abundance and richness and were most common in the lower,urbanized *** streambed substrate had the strongest relationship with Diptera taxa and surface air breather macroinvertebrates and was dominant in agricultural *** community assemblage was influenced largely by stream flow and temperature regimes,while poor fish community integrity in lower urban reaches could be impacted by geomorphology and episodic urban pollution *** macroinvertebrates were most abundant in deforested,first-order agricultural headwaters,while EPT macroinvertebrate richness was the highest downstream of agricultural areas within the urban zone that had extensive forest ***:Environmental variables and aquatic communities would often not conform with what we would expect from an idealized natural *** richness improved downstream of agricultural *** shows promise for the recovery of aquatic systems using we

关键词： Land use Habitat Stream Fish Macroinvertebrate Gradient

Resident involvement in the prostatic urethral lift:implementing innovative technology in an academic setting

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 616-620页

作者： Ridwan Alam Matthew J Rabinowitz Taylor P Kohn Vanessa n Peña james L Liu Yasin Bhanji Amin S Herati Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Adoption of the prostatic urethral lift(PUL)as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia highlights the importance of training residents with novel technology without compromising patient *** study examines the effect of resident involvement during PUL on patient and procedural *** chart review was conducted on all consecutive PUL cases performed by a single academic urologist between October 2017 and november *** in post-graduate year(PGY)1–3 are considered junior residents,while those in PGY 4–6 are senior *** International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)and quality of life(QOL)scores were used to measure *** and mixed-effects linear regression models were used to compare *** were 110 patients with a median age of 66.4 *** were involved in 73 cases(66.4%),and senior residents were involved in 31 of those *** involvement was not associated with adverse perioperative outcomes with respect to the number of implants fired,the percentage of implants successfully placed,or the postoperative catheterization *** adjustment for confounding factors,junior residents were associated with significantly longer case length compared to the attending alone(+12.6 min,P=0.003)but senior residents were not(+2.4 min,P=0.59).IPSS and QOL scores were not significantly affected by resident involvement(P=0.12 and P=0.21,respectively).The presence of surgeons-in-training,particularly those in the early stages,prolongs PUL case length but does not appear to have an adverse impact on patient outcomes.

关键词： internship and residency operative time prostatic hyperplasia prostheses and implants quality of life

Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels? What drivers will influence biomass allocation

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第4期4卷 473-481页

作者： Jinguang HU William james CADHAM Susan van DYK Jack n.SADDLER Department of Wood Science Faculty of Forestry The University of British Columbia

Potential competition for biomass for current and future bioenergy/biofuel uses in Brazil, Denmark,Sweden and the USA were compared. In each of these countries, bioenergy and biofuels are already important in their energy mix. However, there is limited competition for biomass between bioenergy(heat/power/residential/industrial) and transportation biofuel applications. This situation is likely to continue until advanced biofuel technology becomes much more commercially established. In each of these countries, biomass is predominantly used to produce bioenergy, even in those regions where biofuels are significant component of their transportation sector(Brazil,Sweden and USA). The vast majority of biofuel production continues to be based on sugar, starch and oil rich feedstocks, while bioenergyis produced almost exclusively from forest biomass with agricultural biomass having a small, but increasing, secondary role. Current and proposed commercial scale biomass-to-ethanol facilities almost exclusively use agriculture derived residues(corn stover/wheat straw/sugarcane bagasse). Competition for biomass feedstocks for bioenergy/biofuel applications, is most likely to occur for agricultural biomass with coproduct lignin and other residues used to concomitantly produce heat and electricity on site at biofuel production facilities.

关键词： bioenergy biofuel biomass renewable energy policy

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完善的医疗保障体系与消费型经济的关系

完善的医疗保障体系与消费型经济的关系

作者： james R.long（龙近平）复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

本文主要研究中国医疗的需求和资源分配。正如许多经济学家研究的领域—样,医疗行业也类似。对于任何一个国家的发展而言,医疗保健政策的实施和分配医药资源的过程都是至关重要的。研究表明,一个国家的健康水准与其生产力具有高度的相... 详细信息

本文主要研究中国医疗的需求和资源分配。正如许多经济学家研究的领域—样,医疗行业也类似。对于任何一个国家的发展而言,医疗保健政策的实施和分配医药资源的过程都是至关重要的。研究表明,一个国家的健康水准与其生产力具有高度的相关性随着人类的发展和国家的融合性的增加,每一个国家都面临如何有效和公平的分配医疗资源这个棘手的问题。在2000年和2005年之间,中国政府制定了一系列医疗改革的方案。虽然这些改革意味着一些进步,但是本文认为这些改革已经无法满足日益增长的医疗保健需求和日益增长的医疗资源不均衡现象,并且对于未来人口增长的发展也是不可持续的。使用数据的事件序列数据,我们证明了美国和中国公民对于社会安全系统的信任程度不同。美国公民由于对于国家医疗和教育系统的充分信任,从而很少储蓄。但是中国公民由于缺乏对社会安全系统的信心而将大量的收入储备起来,以备用于教育和医疗。在评估中国医疗卫生系统之前,本文讨论了自1960年以来的美国医疗卫生系统的失败之举,中国医疗的改革者可从中吸取教训和经验。本文主要分为三个部分,分别侧重于中国医疗卫生系统的三个不同的方面。第一部分主要侧重于两个问题.为什么中国两国的消费者对待社会安全系统的信心有如此大的差异?医疗不平等的问题在中国各省市之间的存在差异吗,差异有多大?本文第二部分试图利用计量经济学的方法量化健康生活方式的选择和医疗的投资之间的关系。最后,本文的第三部分提供了来自发达国家的成功和失败的经验,如医疗改革如何解决弹性需求以及其不均衡现象。并且使用横截面数据和时间序列数据,利用功能的需求分析医疗需求。使用R统计分析平台进行统计分析发现,一个人的平均寿命与医疗改革的范围之外的相关因素。这些因素包括吸烟,可支配收入,获得的医疗保健,空气质量和教育水平。此外,本研究得出结论,评价医疗改革成功最好的办法是消费者对于安全卫士系统的信心,当然这不适用于发达国家,因为中国仍然是出口导向型经济向消费型经济的过渡的国家。

关键词：医疗改革消费经济转型经济中国医疗保险中国医疗制度

Deep Learning Based Attack Detection for Cyber-Physical System Cybersecurity:A Survey

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第3期9卷 377-391页

作者： Jun Zhang Lei Pan Qing-long Han Chao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang IEEE the School of Science Computing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of Technology the School of Information Technology Deakin University the College of Science and Engineering James CookUniversity

With the booming of cyber attacks and cyber criminals against cyber-physical systems(CPSs),detecting these attacks remains *** might be the worst of times,but it might be the best of times because of opportunities brought by machine learning(ML),in particular deep learning(DL).In general,DL delivers superior performance to ML because of its layered setting and its effective algorithm for extract useful information from training *** models are adopted quickly to cyber attacks against CPS *** this survey,a holistic view of recently proposed DL solutions is provided to cyber attack detection in the CPS context.A six-step DL driven methodology is provided to summarize and analyze the surveyed literature for applying DL methods to detect cyber attacks against CPS *** methodology includes CPS scenario analysis,cyber attack identification,ML problem formulation,DL model customization,data acquisition for training,and performance *** reviewed works indicate great potential to detect cyber attacks against CPS through DL ***,excellent performance is achieved partly because of several highquality datasets that are readily available for public ***,challenges,opportunities,and research trends are pointed out for future research.

关键词： Cyber-physical system cybersecurity deep learning intrusion detection pattern classification

Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance Li–S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 86-106,I0004页

作者： james E.Knoop Seongki Ahn Joint School of nanoscience and nanoengineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27401USA Research Organization for nano and Life Innovation Waseda University513WasedatsurumakichoShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-0041Japan

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

关键词： nanotechnology Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nanomaterials nanocomposite sulfur 3D nanostructured materials