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Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.james L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST national Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

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Does climate change alter the nutrient trends of Cedrela fissilis Vell. trees in the southern Brazilian Amazon?

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Ecological Processes 2023年第4期12卷 164-185页

作者： Daigard R.Ortega Rodriguez Raúl Sánchez-Salguero Andrea Hevia Renata C.Bovi Marciel J.Ferreira james H.Speer Fidel A.Roig Mario Tomazello-Filho Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Ciências Florestais Universidade de S?o Paulo Dendr Olavide-Department Sistemas Físicos Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide Department of Ecology Universidad de Jaén Campus Las Lagunillas s/n. Departamento de Ciência Florestal Solos e AmbienteUniversidade Estadual Paulista Laboratory of Silviculture Universidade Federal do Amazonas Department of Earth and Environmental Systems Indiana State University Argentine Institute of nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICET Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Mayor

Background The increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts is pointed out as one of the main factors altering biogeochemical cycles in the Amazon basin. An eco-nutritional approach using X-ray fluorescence micro-analysis(μXRF) is proposed to verify the long-and short-term effects of droughts on the growth and xylem nutrient concentrations of Cedrela fissilis *** Fourteen radii were selected from a tree-ring width chronology and X-rayed by Itrax Multiscanner. Profiles of ring width, wood density, and concentrations of aluminum(Al), phosphorus(P), sulfur(S), calcium(Ca), potassium(K), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe) and strontium(Sr) together with Al/Ca, Ca/Mn, K/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/S ratios were constructed and correlated with precipitation, temperature, the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration(P-PET) and standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index(SPEI).Results During dry years, C. fissilis showed narrower, less dense rings, lower Al, P, S and Ca, and higher K and Fe concentrations(the opposite was found in wet years). Ring width decreased(together with Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Sr, Al/Ca, K/Ca and Sr/Ca) and wood density increased(together with Ca/Mn and Mn/S), which was associated with an increase in evapotranspiration and temperature over time, mainly since 1990. Cedrela fissilis showed a tendency to increase its capacity for resistance, and a recovery and resilience in growth over time associated with responses in Al, Ca, P and S. However, it showed a risk in the capacity for recovery of the pre-drought density values, associated with unsatisfactory responses in Al, Ca, K, Fe and *** This study is the first attempt to analyze tree-ring nutritional evidences of C. fissilis trees to climate sensitivity and resilience to drought, based on long-term data from seasonal moist tropical forests of the Amazon. Our data suggested that C. fissilis is undergoing alterations in the concentration, use and redistribution of n

关键词： Dendrochemistry µXRF Drought Tropical tree Eco-chemical indicator Resilience Resistance Recovery

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Closed-form breakdown voltage/specific on-resistance model using charge superposition technique for vertical power double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor device with high-κ insulator

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第4期27卷 529-535页

作者：陈雪汪志刚王喜 james B Kuo School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiao Tong University Chengdu 611756 China "national" Taiwan University Talpei China

An improved vertical power double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor（DMOS） device with a p-region（P1） and high-κ insulator vertical double-diffusion metal–oxide–semiconductor（HKP-VDMOS） is proposed to achieve a better performance on breakdown voltage（BV）/specific on-resistance（Ron,sp） than conventional VDMOS with a high-κ insulator（CHK-VDMOS）.The main mechanism is that with the introduction of the P-region,an extra electric field peak is generated in the drift region of HKP-VDMOS to enhance the breakdown *** to the assisted depletion effect of this p-region,the specific on-resistance of the device could be reduced because of the high doping density of the n-type drift ***,based on the superposition of the depleted charges,a closed-form model for electric field/breakdown voltage is generally derived,which is in good agreement with the simulation result within 10% of *** HKP-VDMOS device with a breakdown voltage of 600 V,a reduced specific on-resistance of 11.5 Ωm·cm^2 and a figure of merit（FOM）（BV^2/Ron,sp）of 31.2 MW·cm^-2 shows a substantial improvement compared with the CHK-VDMOS device.

关键词： superposition HKP-VDMOS breakdown voltage specific on-resistance

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Cortico-centric effects of general anesthetics on cerebrocortical evoked potentials

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neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第6期31卷 697-704页

作者： Logan J.Voss james W.Sleigh Anaesthesia Department Waikato District Health Board University of Auckland Waikato Clinical School

Despite their ubiquitous use for rendering patients unconscious for surgery, our understanding of how general anesthetics cause hypnosis remains rudimentary at best. Recent years have seen increased interest in ＂top-down＂ cortico-centric theories of anesthetic action. The aim of this study was to explore this by investigating direct cortical effects of anesthetics on cerebrocortical evoked potentials in isolated mouse brain slices. Evoked potentials were elicited in cortical layer IV by electrical stimulation of the underlying white matter. The effects of three anesthetics （ketamine, etomidate, and isoflurane） on the amplitude, latency, and slope of short-latency evoked potentials were quantified. The n2/P3/n4 potentials - which represent the early cortical response - were enhanced by etomidate （increased P3-n4 slope, P 〈0.01）, maintained by ketamine, and reduced by isoflurane （lower n2/P3 amplitude, P 〈0.01）. These effects closely resemble those seen in vivo for the same drugs and point to a cortical mechanism independent of effects on subcortical structures such as the thalamus.

关键词： anesthesia evoked potentials corticalslice thalamus

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Stress Biomarkers in the Giant Manta Mobula birostris Associated to Tourism in the Revillagigedo national Park, Mexico

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第7期13卷 136-146页

作者： Carolina Hernández-navarro Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken Felipe Galván-Magaña Guillermo Valdivia-Anda Renato Peña james T. Ketchum Edgar M. Hoyos-Padilla Pelagios Kakunjá A.C. La Paz México Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Instituto Politécnico Nacional La Paz México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del noroeste La Paz México MigraMar Bodega Bay California USA Fins Attached: Marine Research and Conservation Colorado Springs USA

A constant increase in dive tourism over the past years in the Revillagigedo national Park, Mexico, could result in a stressful scenario for giant mantas (Mobula birostris). The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of oxidative stress in terms of changes in catalase units (CAT) and muscle glycogen concentration in this species during two periods of different tourism intensity in this protected area. A total of 21 muscle biopsies were collected in March (peak tourism) and november (lower tourism), 2019. Stress biomarkers were analysed by commercial kits from the company Cayman Chemical. Oxidative stress (catalase activity) was significantly higher during the period with lower tourism (p = 0.002), compared to the period with more tourism, suggesting the presence of the general adaptation syndrome. In males, there was a significant difference (p = 0.0005) in oxidative stress between periods of different tourism intensity, suggesting that the reproductive season may be a stressor. Morphotypes showed different oxidative stress (p = 0.031);however, the reason is unknown. no statistical differences were detected in glycogen concentrations between the tourism periods (p = 0.123), probably because this polysaccharide is not a proper indicator of chronic stress in giant mantas. Based on these findings, giant mantas may have an adequate response in terms of oxidative stress due to an increase in tourism;however the observed increase in catalase suggests that it is within the tolerance range of these organisms.

关键词： Catalase Conservation Elasmobranchs Glycogen Oxidative Stress

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Probabilistic assessment of surface level seismic hazard in India using topographic gradient as a proxy for site condition

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第6期6卷 847-859页

作者： T.G.Sitharam Sreevalsa Kolathayar naveen james Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science Department of Civil Engineering Indian School of Mines

This paper presents spatial variation of seismic hazard at the surface level for India,covering 6-38°n and 68-98°*** most recent knowledge on seismic activity in the region has been used to evaluate the hazard incorporating uncertainties associated with the seismicity parameters using different modeling *** types of seismic source models,*** sources,gridded seismicity model and areal sources,were considered to model the seismic sources and different sets of ground motion prediction equations were used for different tectonic provinces to characterize the attenuation *** hazard estimation at bedrock level has been carried out using probabilistic approach and the results obtained from various methodologies were combined in a logic tree *** seismic site characterization of India was done using topographic slope map derived from Digital Elevation Model *** paper presents estimation of the hazard at surface level,using appropriate site amplification factors corresponding to various site classes based on V_（S30） values derived from the topographic *** variation of surface level peak horizontal acceleration（PHA） for return periods of 475 years and 2475 years are presented as contour maps.

关键词： PSHA PGA Topography Site amplification India

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The song remains the same： Juvenile Richardson＇s ground squirrels do not respond differentially to mother＇s or colony member＇s alarm calls

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 773-780页

作者： james F. HARE Kurtis J. WARKEnTIn Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Department of Zoology Brandon University Brandon MB R7A 6A9

Alarm calls are emitted by Richardson’s ground squirrelsUrocitellus richardsoniiin response to avian and terrestrial predators. Conspecifics detecting these calls respond with increased vigilance, promoting predator detection and evasion, but in doing so, lose time from foraging. That loss can be minimized if alarm call recipients discriminate among signalers, and weight their response accordingly. For juvenile ground squirrels, we predicted that the trade-off between foraging and vigilance could be optimized via selective response to alarm calls emitted by their own dam, and/or neighboring colony members over calls broadcast by less familiar conspecifics. Alarm calls of adult female Richardson’s ground squirrels were elicited in the field using a predator model and recorded on digital audio tape. Free-living focal juveniles were subjected to playbacks of a call of their mother, and on a separate occasion a call from either another adult female from their own colony, or an adult female from another colony. neither immediate postural responses and escape behavior, nor the duration of vigilance manifested by juveniles differed with exposure to alarm calls of the three adult female signaler types. Thus, juveniles did not respond preferentially to alarm calls emitted by their mothers or colony members, likely reflecting the high cost of ignoring alarm signals where receivers have had limited opportunity to establish past signaler reliability.

关键词：报警电话殖民地青少年松鼠母亲未成年人异或食肉动物

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Experimental Study of the Motion Modes of a Planar Mechanical System with Multi-Clearance Revolute Joints

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第11期13卷 2014-2031页

作者： Kifatsoa Kolani Mutuku Muvengei Joshua ngoret james Kimotho Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya College of Engineering and Technology (COETEC) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Clearances in joints of a mechanical multibody system can induce impulsive forces, leading to vibrations that compromise the system’s reliability, stability, and lifespan. Through dynamic analysis, designers can investigate the effects of the clearances on the dynamics of the multibody system. A revolute joint with clearance exhibits three motions which are;free-flight, impact and continuous contact motion modes. Therefore, a multibody system with n-number of revolute clearance joints will exhibit 3n motion modes which are a combination of the three motions in each joint. This study investigates experimentally the nine motion modes in a mechanical system with two revolute clearance joints. A slider crank mechanism has been used as the demonstrative example. We observed that the experimental curve exhibits a greater impact compared to the simulation curve. In conclusion, this experimental investigation offers valuable insights into the dynamics of planar mechanical systems with multiple clearance revolute joints. Utilizing a slider-crank mechanism for data acquisition, the study successfully confirmed seven out of nine motion modes previously identified in numerical research. The missing modes are attributed to inherent complexities in real-world systems, such as journal-bearing misalignment.

关键词： Slider Crank Mechanism Dynamic Responses Revolute Clearance Joints Motion Modes

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Methodology to locate and quantify radial winding deformation in power transformers

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High Voltage 2017年第1期2卷 17-24页

作者： Steven D.Mitche james S.Wesh School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanN.S.W 2308Australia

Frequency response analysis(FRA)is a tool that can be used to detect changes within the structural geometry of a *** application of FRA is to detect winding displacement after the transformer experiences an overcurrent *** paper proposes a methodology which will facilitate both locating and quantifying winding *** procedure is based on the fitting of a Gray Box transformer model to FRA measurements which were recorded both before and after the *** variation in key parameters of the model can then be used to quantify winding deformation *** research will demonstrate the applicability of this approach to a wide range of transformer applications by using FRA from a modified 1.3 MVA distribution transformer,and assessing the change in key parameters relative to the emulated buckling introduced to the *** authors propose that this approach is ideally suited for use within an automated diagnostic system which will locate,diagnose and quantify winding deformation within power transformers.

关键词： winding deformation power

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Incorporation of the 8^th Edition AJCC/TnM Staging of Carcinoma of the Appendix into the Esquivel Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (E-PSDSS) in 229 Patients with Mucinous Appendiceal neoplasms

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： Gabriella Esquivel Jing Qiu james Spellman Jesus Esquivel University of Delaware Newark USA Beebe Healthcare Lewes USA

Introduction: A practical staging classification that has prognostic significance in mucinous appendiceal neoplasms represents an unmet need in oncology. The purpose of this study is to present a second edition of the PSDSS in mucinous appendiceal neoplasms with or without peritoneal dissemination based on the AJCC/TnM 8th edition. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 229 patients based on the AJCC/TnM 8th edition incorporating G (grade) and E (extent of disease). The impact of these 5 clinicopathological variables (T, n, M, G, E) is scored as stages 0 to IV and is reported as the Esquivel Peritoneal Surface Disease Severity Score (E-PSDSS). Results: One hundred and seventy-three patients underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC. There were 30 (13.1%), 56 (24.4%), 48 (20.9%), 20 (8.7%) and 75 (32.7%) patients with E-PSDSS 0, I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Five-year overall survival was 100%, 100%, 84.46%, 52.29% and 12.92% for E-PSDSS 0, I, II, III and IV, respectively (p Conclusion: The E-PSDSS combines specimen examination and reporting according to the College of American Pathologists with the pTnM requirements from the AJCC staging manual. It represents an important prognostic indicator in patients with mucinous appendiceal neoplasms.

关键词： Appendix Cancer HIPEC PSDSS

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