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Unveiling the distinctive traits of functional rye centromeres:minisatellites,retrotransposons,and r-loop formation

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 1989-2002页

作者： Chang Liu Shulan Fu Congyang Yi Yang Liu Yuhong Huang Xianrui Guo Kaibiao Zhang Qian Liu james A.Birchler Fangpu Han State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Division of Biological Science University of MissouriColumbia 65211-7400USA

Centromeres play a vital role in cellular division by facilitating kinetochore assembly and spindle *** their conserved functionality,centromeric DNA sequences exhibit rapid evolution,presenting diverse sizes and compositions across *** functional significance of rye centromeric DNA sequences,particularly in centromere identity,remains *** this study,we comprehensively characterized the sequence composition and organization of rye *** findings revealed that these centromeres are primarily composed of long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTr-rTs)and interspersed *** systematically classified LTr-rTs into five categories,highlighting the prevalence of younger CrS1,CrS2,and CrS3 of CrSs(centromeric retrotransposons of Secale cereale)were primarily located in the core centromeres and exhibited a higher association with CENH3 *** minisatellites,mainly derived from retrotransposons,along with CrSs,played a pivotal role in establishing functional centromeres in ***,we observed the formation of r-loops at specific regions of CrS1,CrS2,and CrS3,with both rye pericentromeres and centromeres exhibiting enrichment in ***,these r-loops selectively formed at binding regions of the CENH3 nucleosome in rye centromeres,suggesting a potential role in mediating the precise loading of CENH3 to centromeres and contributing to centromere *** work provides insights into the DNA sequence composition,distribution,and potential function of r-loops in rye *** knowledge contributes valuable information to understanding the genetics and epigenetics of rye centromeres,offering implications for the development of synthetic centromeres in future plant modifications and beyond.

关键词： centromere LTr-rTs minisatellite rye r-loop

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Isolation and Characterization of SArS-CoV-2 in Kenya

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第2期14卷 66-83页

作者： Albina Makio robinson Mugasiali Irekwa matthew Mutinda Munyao Caroline Wangui Njoroge Peter Kipkemboi rotich Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Joanne Jepkemei Yego Anne Wanjiru Mwangi james Hungo Kimotho ronald Tanui Vincent rutto Samson Muuo Nzou Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Center for Microbiology research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Center for Virus research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

The discovery of Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SArS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, in 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across the world, evolving into the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs of the virus’s existence were observed in various countries before the initial outbreak in Wuhan. As of 12th of April, the respiratory disease had infected over 762 million people worldwide, with over 6.8 million deaths recorded. This has led scientists to focus their efforts on understanding the virus to develop effective means to diagnose, treat, prevent, and control this pandemic. One of the areas of focus is the isolation of this virus, which plays a crucial role in understanding the viral dynamics in the laboratory. In this study, we report the isolation and detection of locally circulating SArS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The isolates were cultured on Vero Cercopithecus cell line (CCL-81) cells, rNA extraction was conducted from the supernatants, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rT-PCr). Genome sequencing was done to profile the strains phylogenetically and identify novel and previously reported mutations. Vero CCL-81 cells were able to support the growth of SArS-CoV-2 in vitro, and mutations were detected from the two isolates sequenced (001 and 002). Genome sequencing revealed the circulation of two isolates that share a close relationship with the Benin isolate with the D614G common mutation identified along the S protein. These virus isolates will be expanded and made available to the Kenya Ministry of Health and other research institutions to advance SArS-CoV-2 research in Kenya and the region.

关键词： SArS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Whole Genome Sequencing Phylogenetic Analysis Nucleotide Substitutions Amino Acid Changes

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Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana André L.A.Santos james W.Vaughan Sonia D.F.rocha Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle *** zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate *** fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous *** removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate *** removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared *** presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free *** maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide Nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange

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Enhancing Human Action recognition with Adaptive Hybrid Deep Attentive Networks and Archerfish Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4791-4812页

作者： Ahmad Yahiya Ahmad Bani Ahmad Jafar Alzubi Sophers james Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi Chanthirasekaran Kutralakani Anguraju Krishnan Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty of BusinessMiddle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan Faculty of Engineering Al-Balqa Applied UniversitySalt19117Jordan Department of Mathematics Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology(Autonomous)TholurpattiTrichy621215India Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and TechnologyBondo210-40601Kenya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha Engineering College(Autonomous)Chennai602105India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology(Autonomous)TholurpattiTrichy621215India

In recent years,wearable devices-based Human Activity recognition(HAr)models have received significant *** developed HAr models use hand-crafted features to recognize human activities,leading to the extraction of basic *** images captured by wearable sensors contain advanced features,allowing them to be analyzed by deep learning algorithms to enhance the detection and recognition of human *** lighting and limited sensor capabilities can impact data quality,making the recognition of human actions a challenging *** unimodal-based HAr approaches are not suitable in a real-time ***,an updated HAr model is developed using multiple types of data and an advanced deep-learning ***,the required signals and sensor data are accumulated from the standard *** these signals,the wave features are *** the extracted wave features and sensor data are given as the input to recognize the human *** Adaptive Hybrid Deep Attentive Network(AHDAN)is developed by incorporating a“1D Convolutional Neural Network(1DCNN)”with a“Gated recurrent Unit(GrU)”for the human activity recognition ***,the Enhanced Archerfish Hunting Optimizer(EAHO)is suggested to fine-tune the network parameters for enhancing the recognition *** experimental evaluation is performed on various deep learning networks and heuristic algorithms to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed HAr *** EAHO-based HAr model outperforms traditional deep learning networks with an accuracy of 95.36,95.25 for recall,95.48 for specificity,and 95.47 for precision,*** result proved that the developed model is effective in recognizing human action by taking less ***,it reduces the computation complexity and overfitting issue through using an optimization approach.

关键词： Human action recognition multi-modal sensor data and signals adaptive hybrid deep attentive network enhanced archerfish hunting optimizer 1D convolutional neural network gated recurrent units

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Shared decision making in rural general practices:a qualitative exploration of older rural South Australians'perceived involvement in clinical consultations with doctors

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Global Health Journal 2024年第3期8卷 140-146页

作者： Mohammad Hamiduzzaman Noore Siddiquee Harry james Gaffney Frances Barraclough Aziz rahman Jennene Greenhill Vicki Flood University Centrefor rural Heath(Northern rivers) Schoolof Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyLismoreNew South Wales 2480Australia College of Government Business and LawFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia 5042Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University AustraliaBallaratVictoria 3353Australia School of Nursing Southern Cross UniversityBilingaQueensland 4225Australia

Background:Shared decision-making(SDM)implementation is a priority for Australian health systems,including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural *** initiated a qualitative study with older rural Australians to explore barriers to and facilitators of SDM in local general ***:We conducted a patient-oriented research,partnering with older rural Australians,families,and health service providers in research *** who visited general practices were purposively sampled from five small rural towns in South Australia.A semi-structured interview guide was used for interviews and reflexive thematic coding was ***:Telephone interviews were held with 27 *** themes were identified around older rural adults’involvement in SDM:(1)Understanding of"patient involvement";(2)Positive and negative outcomes;(3)Barriers to SDM;and(4)Facilitators to *** of patient involvement in SDM considerably varied among participants,with some reporting their involvement was contingent on the“opportunity to ask questions”and the“treatment choices”offered to *** the opportunity for involvement,barriers such as avoidance of cultural care and a lack of continuity of care are new *** encountered in SDM implementation also included resource constraints and time limitations in general *** knowledge of general practitioners and technology integration in consultations were viewed as potential enablers..Conclusion:Adequate resources and well-defined guidelines about the process should accompany the implementation of SDM in rural general practices of South *** strategies by general practitioners promoting health literacy and culturally-tailored communication approaches could increase older rural Australians'involvement in general.

关键词： General practices Shared decision making Olderrural Australians Patient involvement South Australia

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Special issue on quantum control Dedicated to the occasion of Prof. lan Petersen＇s 60th birthday

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Control Theory and Technology 2017年第3期15卷 161-162页

作者： Daoyi Dong Shanon Vuglar matthew r. james School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales Canberra Australia Guodong Shi Research School of Engineering Australian National University Australia Department of Chemistry Princeton University U.S.A. ArC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Engineering Australian National University Australia

Quantum technology is recognized as one of the most promising directions for our future technologies. By exploiting the unique features of quantum effects, emerging quantum technology is rapidly progressing around the world including quantum computation, quantum communication, quantum metrology and quantum simulation. The development of quantum control plays a grounding role in enabling the preservation and manipulation of quantum states that are used in various quantum technologies. This special issue will focus on new development in relevant topics of estimation and control methods in quantum systems, and provide a forum for idea exchange in this dynamic research area. Particularly, lan r. Petersen, a key figure in the development of robust and quantum control theory, just turned 60 in the past year. We propose to celebrate this occasion with this special issue on quantum control, one of his main research focuses in the last fifteen years.

关键词：量子控制 LAN 生日量子计量学量子效应世界范围量子计算量子通信

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Broad-spectrum ginsentides are principal bioactives in unraveling the cure-all effects of ginseng

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 653-666页

作者： Shining Loo Antony Kam Bamaprasad Dutta Xiaohong Zhang Nan Feng Siu Kwan Sze Chuan-Fa Liu Xiaoliang Wang james P.Tam School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore Academy of Pharmacy Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Department of Biological Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100050China Department of Health Sciences Brock UniversityNiagara RegionON L2S 3A1Canada

Stress and illness connection is complex and involves multiple physiological *** ginsengs,reputed for their broad-spectrum“cure-all”effect,are widely prescribed to treat stress and related ***,the identity of ginseng’s“cure-all”medicinal compounds that relieve stress remains ***,we identify ginsentides as the principal bioactives that coordinate multiple systems to restore homeostasis in response to *** are disulfide-rich,cell-penetrating and proteolytic-stable *** affinity-enrichment mass spectrometry target identification together with in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo validations,we show that highly purified or synthetic ginsentides promote vasorelaxation by producing nitric oxide through endothelial cells via intracellular PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,alleviate a1-adrenergic receptor overactivity by reversing phenylephrine-induced constriction of aorta,decrease monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via CD166/ESAM/CD40 and inhibit P2Y12 receptors to reduce platelet *** administered ginsentides were effective in animal models to reduce ADP-induced platelet aggregation,to prevent collagen and adrenalineinduced pulmonary thrombosis as well as anti-stress behavior of tail suspension and forced swimming tests in ***,these results strongly suggest that ginsentides are the principal panacea compounds of ginsengs because of their ability to target multiple extra-and intra-cellular proteins to reverse stress-induced damages.

关键词： Ginseng Cysteine-rich peptides Microproteins Cure-all Stress Homeostasis

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radiofrequency ablation versus microwave ablation for colorectal liver metastases:long-term results of a retrospective cohort surgical experience

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第5期13卷 759-770,I0001页

作者： Ali Gunduz Sarioglu Chase J.Wehrle Ege Akgun Arturan Ibrahimli james F.Bena Eren Berber Department of Endocrine Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of General Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

Background:Ablation is an alternative treatment modality for selected patients with colorectal liver metastases(CrLMs).Although initially widely performed via radiofrequency ablation(rFA),more recently,microwave ablation(MWA)is being preferred due to its perceived superiority in creating the ablation *** aim of this study is to compare the long-term efficacy of these two modalities performed ***:Patients undergoing surgical liver ablation from 2005-2023 at a tertiary center by a single surgeon for CrLM were included in a retrospective institutional review board-approved *** were compared using Wilcoxon,Chi-square,Kaplan-Meier,and Cox multivariate regression *** data are presented as median(interquartile range).results:There were a total of 242 *** rFA was done in 121 patients with 303 lesions and laparoscopic MWA in 121 patients with 300 *** was no difference between the groups regarding operative time(161 vs.147 minutes,respectively,P=0.4),perioperative morbidity(3%vs.8%,respectively,P=0.2)or hospital stay(1 vs.1 day,P=0.05).Local recurrence(Lr)per lesion with at least 1 year of imaging follow-up was 29%in the rFA and 13%in the MWA group(Priate survival analysis,tumor size,blood vessel proximity,ablation margin,and ablation modality were independent predictors of *** control these variables,direct matching was *** cohort included 189 ***-Meier analysis of these cohorts showed increased Lr-free survival in the MWA group *** rFA group(P=0.005).Conclusions:This large study confirms our initial observation that local tumor control rate is better after MWA ***.

关键词： Colorectal cancer liver metastasis liver ablation radiofrequency ablation(rFA) microwave ablation(MWA) local recurrence(Lr)

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Momentum as Translations at Conformal Infinity

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1522-1540页

作者： richard james Petti Jacob Luke Graham Arlington MA USA Newton MA USA

Although General relativity is the classic example of a physical theory based on differential geometry, the momentum tensor is the only part of the field equation that is not derived from or interpreted with differential geometry. This work extends General relativity and Einstein-Cartan theory by augmenting the Poincaré group with projective (special) conformal transformations, which are translations at conformal infinity. Momentum becomes a part of the differential geometry of spacetime. The Lie algebra of these transformations is represented by vectorfields on an associated Minkowski fiber space. Variation of projective conformal scalar curvature generates a 2-index tensor that serves as linear momentum in the field equations of General relativity. The computation yields a constructive realization of Mach’s principle: local inertia is determined by local motion relative to mass at conformal infinity in each fiber. The vectorfields have a cellular structure that is similar to that of turbulent fluids.

关键词： Projective Symmetry Conformal Symmetry Momentum General relativity Einstein-Cartan Mach’s Principle

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Surgical management of the diabetic foot:The current evidence

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 404-417页

作者： richard Henry randall roberts Gareth rhys Davies-Jones james Brock Vaishnav Satheesh Greg AJ robertson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Wrexham Maelor HospitalWrexham LL137TDUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic HospitalOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications,particularly diabetic foot pathologies,poses significant healthcare challenges and economic burdens *** review synthesises current evidence on the surgical management of the diabetic foot,focusing on the interplay between neuropathy,ischemia,and infection that commonly culminates in ulcers,infections,and,in severe cases,*** escalating incidence of diabetes mellitus underscores the urgency for effective management strategies,as diabetic foot complications are a leading cause of hospital admissions among diabetic patients,significantly impacting morbidity and mortality *** review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic foot complications and further examines diabetic foot ulcers,infections,and skeletal pathologies such as Charcot arthropathy,emphasising the critical role of early diagnosis,comprehensive management strategies,and interdisciplinary care in mitigating adverse *** addressing surgical interventions,this review evaluates conservative surgeries,amputations,and reconstructive procedures,highlighting the importance of tailored approaches based on individual patient profiles and the specific characteristics of foot *** integration of advanced diagnostic tools,novel surgical techniques,and postoperative care,including offloading and infection control,are discussed in the context of optimising healing and preserving limb function.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic foot Charcot Osteomyelitis Amputation Diabetic foot attack Conservative surgery

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