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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison james G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren Eric m.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick james C.Campbell Charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa m.Collins Duke University School of medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Emerging therapeutic options

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Cornelius james Fernandez Sahana Shetty Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DbCm)is a common but underrecognized complication of patients with diabetes mellitus(Dm).Although the pathobiology of other cardiac complications of diabetes such as ischemic heart disease and cardiac autonomic neuropathy are mostly known with reasonable therapeutic options,the mechanisms and management options for DbCm are still not fully *** its early stages,DbCm presents with diastolic dysfunction followed by heart failure(HF)with preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF with reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately *** from prompt control of Dm with lifestyle changes and antidiabetic medications,disease-modifying therapy for DbCm includes prompt control of hypertension and dyslipidemia inherent to patients with Dm as in other forms of heart diseases and the use of treatments with proven efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes elaborates the potential pathophysiological alterations and the therapeutic role of teneligliptin in diabetic mouse models with *** this preliminary basic study might help to improve our understanding of DbCm and offer a potential new management option for patients with the disease,the positive results from such animal models might not always translate to clinical practice as the pathobiology of DbCm in humans could be ***,such experimental studies can encourage more scientific efforts to find a better solution to treat patients with this enigmatic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Heart failure Pathobiology Teneligliptin

What diameter?What height?Influence of measures of average tree size on area-based allometric volume relationships

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw mark J.Ducey Yuan Sun james B.mcCarter Integrated Forest mensuration and Systems Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attribute used in many forest management *** from 83 fixed-area plots located in central New Brunswick,Canada,are used to examine how different measures of stand-level diameter and height influence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volume *** density was included in the models(Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Density))choice of diameter measure was more important than choice of height *** density was not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the opposite was *** models with density included,moment-based estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than all other *** models without density,largest tree estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than other *** overall best equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The best equation without density used mean diameter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the mean height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have some important implications for height subsampling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attributes

Facilitated Prediction of micropollutant Degradation via UV-AOPs in Various Waters by Combining model Simulation and Portable measurement

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 87-95页

作者： Yanyan Huang mengkai Li Zhe Sun Wentao Li james R.Bolton Zhimin Qiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The degradation of micropollutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is strongly dependent on the water *** reactive radicals(RRs)formed in UV-AOPs have different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target ***,process selection and optimization are *** study developed a facilitated prediction method for the photon fluence-based rate constant for micropollutant degradation(K′_(p,mP))in various UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with portable *** methods for measuring the scavenging capacities of the principal RRs(RRSCs)involved in UV-AOPs(i.e.,HO^(·),SO_(4)^(·-),and Cl^(·))using a mini-fluidic photoreaction system were *** simulation models consisted of photochemical,quantitative structure–activity relationship,and radical concentration steady-state approximation *** RRSCs were determined in eight test waters,and a higher RRSC was found to be associated with a more complex water ***,by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine,and carbamazepine as model micropollutants,the k′_(p,mP) values in various UV-AOPs were predicted and further verified experimentally.A lower k′_(p,mP) was found to be associated with a higher RRSC for a stronger RR competition;for example,k′_(p,mP) values of 130.9 and 332.5 m^(2) einstein^(–1),respectively,were obtained for carbamazepine degradation by UV/H_(2)O_(2) in the raw water(RRSC=9.47×10^(4) s^(-1))and sand-filtered effluent(RRSC=2.87×10^(4) s^(-1))of a drinking water treatment *** developed method facilitates process selection and optimization for UV-AOPs,which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.

关键词： UV-AOPs micropollutant degradation Reactive radicals Water matrix model simulation

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKm supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda mackenzie m.Lieberman Caitlin m.james Shivana m.Lightman Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew m.Intlekofer Richard m.Higashi Teresa W.m.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the m1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKm2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKm alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKm2

Protective effects of cyclosporine and its analog NIm-811 in a murine model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

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Liver Research 2024年第1期8卷 46-53页

作者： Joshua Hefler Rena Pawlick Braulio A.marfil-Garza Aducio Thiesen Nerea Cuesta-Gomez Sanaz Hatami Darren H.Freed Constantine Karvellas David L.Bigam A.m.james Shapiro Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of medicine Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub Excellence&Innovation Center MonterreyMexico Alberta Diabetes Institute University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Clinical Islet Transplant Program University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of Laboratory medicine&Pathology Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Background and aim:The liver is susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)during hepatic surgery,when the vessels are compressed to control bleeding,or liver transplantation,when there is an obligate period of *** hallmark of IRI comprises mitochondrial dysfunction,which generates reactive oxygen species,and cell death through necrosis or ***(CsA),which is a well-known immunosuppressive agent that inhibits calcineurin,has the additional effect of inhibiting the mito-chondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP),thereby,preventing mitochondrial swelling and ***-811,which is the nonimmunosuppressive analog of CsA,has a similar effect on the *** this study,we tested the effect of both agents on mitigating warm hepatic IRI in a murine *** and methods:Before ischemic insult,the mice were administered with intraperitoneal normal saline(control);CsA at 2.5,10,or 25 mg/kg;or NIm-811 at 10 mg/***,the mice were subjected to partial warm hepatic ischemia by selective pedicle clamping for 60 min,followed by 6 h of recovery after *** alanine transaminase(ALT)was measured,and the liver tissue was examined histologically for the presence of apoptosis and the levels of inflammatory ***:Compared with the control mice,the mice treated with 10 and 25 mg/kg of CsA and NIm-811 had significantly lower ALT levels(Pmoreover,the liver tissue showed reduced histological injury scores after treatment with CsA at 2.5,10,and 25 mg/kg and NIm-811(P=0.041,ment with CsA at all doses(P=0.012,0.007,andmmatory cyto-kines,particularly interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,and keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogene significantly decreased in the mice treated with the highest dose of CsA(25 mg/kg)than those in the control ***

关键词： Cyclosporine(CsA) Cyclosporine analogue Liver surgery Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) Animal model NIm-811

methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： james K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

methionine(met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-met and L-met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-met injected(DLm);and 4)L-met injected(Lm).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLm and Lm groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pmpared to the *** DLm group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the Lm group(PmD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pmet enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-methionine L-methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

Fully integrated and broadband Si-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal four-wave mixing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 I0001-I0010页

作者： VALERIO VITALI THALÍA DOmÍNGUEZ BUCIO HAO LIU JOSÉmANUEL LUQUE GONZÁLEZ FRANCISCO JURADO-ROmERO ALEJANDRO ORTEGA-mOÑUX GLENN CHURCHILL james C.GATES james HILLIER NIKOLAOS KALFAGIANNIS DANIELE mELATI JENS H.SCHmID ILARIA CRISTIANI PAVEL CHEBEN J.GONZALO WANGÜEmERT-PÉREZ ÑIGO mOLINA-FERNÁNDEZ FREDERIC GARDES COSImO LACAVA PERIKLIS PETROPOULOS Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Telecommunication Research Institute(TELmA) Universidad de MálagaCEI Andalucı´a TECHE.T.S.I.Telecomunicación29010 MálagaSpain School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUK Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBThe Netherlands Department of materials Science and Engineering University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRS91120 PalaiseauFrance Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center National Research Council CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0R6Canada

Intermodal four-wave mixing(FWm)processes have recently attracted significant interest for all-optical signal processing applications thanks to the possibility to control the propagation properties of waves exciting distinct spatial modes of the same *** allows,in principle,to place signals in different spectral regions and satisfy the phase matching condition over considerably larger bandwidths compared to intramodal ***,the demonstrations reported so far have shown a limited bandwidth and suffered from the lack of on-chip components designed for broadband manipulation of different *** demonstrate here a silicon-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal FWm,which integrates mode conversion,multiplexing and de-multiplexing functionalities *** system enables wavelength conversion between pump waves and a signal located in different telecommunication bands(separated by 60 nm)with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 70 nm,which represents,to our knowledge,the widest bandwidth ever achieved in an intermodal FWm-based system.

关键词： scattering pump modal