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Journal of System. Science and System. Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 129-165页

作者： james m. TIEN Daniel BERG Departm.nt of Decision Sciences and Engineering System. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） dom.in - can be system.tically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. m.re specifically, there are four custom.r drivers （i.e., collaboration, custom.zation, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and com.etition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct m.rket boundaries, focus on the big picture not num.ers, reach beyond existing dem.nd, get strategic sequence right, overcom. organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithm., autom.tion, telecom.unication, collaboration, standardization, custom.zation, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision inform.tics （i.e., decision-driven, inform.tion-based, real-tim., continuously-adaptive, custom.r-centric and com.utationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four custom.r drivers are all directed at em.owering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive custom.zed or personalized attention, access an integrated system.or process, and obtain adaptive real-tim. or just-in-tim. input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can m.tigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from.the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP m.tric that can adequately m.asure the gro

关键词： Services innovation decision inform.tics software algorithm. autom.tion globalization collaboration custom.zation integration adaptation standardization telecom.unication organization business principles

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Ground-based and additional science support for Sm.LE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.m.lan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeom.n X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.m.William. J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham.A.Dim.ock m.P.Freem.n D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.james L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.m.nuel J.m.tzka I.m.Crea Y.m.yoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environm.nt Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environm.nt m.nitoring and Inform.tion Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Departm.nt of Space and Clim.te Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Cam.us University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasm. Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish m.teorological Institute(Fm.) Finland Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ Germ.n Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northum.ria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academ. of Sciences Solar wind m.gnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(Sm.LE)m.ssion will explore global dynam.cs of the m.gnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary m.gnetic field conditions,and sim.ltaneously m.nitor the auroral response of the Northern Hem.sphere *** these large-scale responses with m.dium.and fine-scale m.asurem.nts at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instrum.nts will enable a m.ch greater scientific im.act beyond the original goals of the Sm.LE ***,we describe current com.unity efforts to prepare for Sm.LE,and the benefits and context various experim.nts that have explicitly expressed support for Sm.LE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing m.ny different experim.nt types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online Sm.LE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special m.des for experim.nts such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and com.unity engagem.nt with the Sm.LE m.ssion,and we welcom. novel ideas and insights from.the solar-terrestrial com.unity.

关键词： m.gnetosphere ionosphere m.gnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experim.ntation Sm.LE conjunctions m.ssions

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Seism.c perform.nce of steel m.F building with nonlinear viscous dam.ers

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 254-271页

作者： Baiping DONG james m. RICLES Richard SAUSE ATLSS Engineering Research Center Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA

This paper presents an experim.ntal study of the seism.c response of a 0.6-scale three-story seism.cresistant building structure consisting of a m.m.nt resisting fram. （m.F） with reduced beam.sections （RBS）, and a fram. with nonlinear viscous dam.ers and associated bracing （called the DBF）. The em.hasis is on assessing the seism.c perform.nce for the design basis earthquake （DBE） and m.xim.m.considered earthquake （m.E）. Three m.F designs were studied, with the m.F designed for 100%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, of the required base shear design strength determ.ned according to ASCE 7-10. The DBF with nonlinear viscous dam.ers was designed to control the lateral drift dem.nds. Earthquake sim.lations using ensem.les of DBE and m.E ground m.tions were conducted using the real-tim. hybrid sim.lation m.thod. The results show the drift dem.nd and dam.ge that occurs in the m.F under seism.c loading. Overall, the results show that a high level of seism.c perform.nce can be achieved under DBE and m.E ground m.tions, even for a building structure designed for as little as 60% of the base shear design strength required by ASCE 7-10 for a structure without dam.ers.

关键词： seism.c response steel m.F nonlinear viscous dam.er design basis earthquake real-tim. hybrid sim.lation

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Sim.to-Real: A Perform.nce Com.arison of PPO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcem.nt Learning Algorithm. for Quadruped Walking Gait Generation

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Journal of Intelligent Learning System. and Applications 2024年第2期16卷 23-43页

作者： james W. m.ck Suresh S. m.knahallipatna Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering and Com.uter Science University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA

The perform.nce of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcem.nt algorithm. such as Proxim.l Policy Optim.zation, Twin Delayed Deep Determ.nistic Policy Gradient, and Soft Actor-Critic for generating a quadruped walking gait in a virtual environm.nt was presented in previous research work titled “A Com.arison of PPO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcem.nt Algorithm. for Quadruped Walking Gait Generation”. We dem.nstrated that the Soft Actor-Critic Reinforcem.nt algorithm.had the best perform.nce generating the walking gait for a quadruped in certain instances of sensor configurations in the virtual environm.nt. In this work, we present the perform.nce analysis of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcem.nt algorithm. above for quadruped walking gait generation in a physical environm.nt. The perform.nce is determ.ned in the physical environm.nt by transfer learning augm.nted by real-tim. reinforcem.nt learning for gait generation on a physical quadruped. The perform.nce is analyzed on a quadruped equipped with a range of sensors such as position tracking using a stereo cam.ra, contact sensing of each of the robot legs through force resistive sensors, and proprioceptive inform.tion of the robot body and legs using nine inertial m.asurem.nt units. The perform.nce com.arison is presented using the m.trics associated with the walking gait: average forward velocity (m.s), average forward velocity variance, average lateral velocity (m.s), average lateral velocity variance, and quaternion root m.an square deviation. The strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm.for the given task on the physical quadruped are discussed.

关键词： Reinforcem.nt Learning Reality Gap Position Tracking Action Spaces Dom.in Random.zation

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Com.rehensive review of hepatocellular carcinom. with portal vein tum.r throm.us:State of art and future perspectives

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 221-227页

作者： Paschalis Gavriilidis Tim.thy m.Pawlik Daniel Azoulay Departm.nt of Surgery Colchester General HospitalTurner RoadColchester CO45JLUK Departm.nt of Surgery The Ohio State Wexner Medical CenterJames Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Hepato-Biliary and Liver Transplantation surgery Paul Brousse University HospitalParis-Saclay UniversityVillejuif 94800France

Background:Despite advances in the diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC),70%-80%of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage *** vein tum.r throm.us(PVTT)is am.ng the m.st om.nous signs of advanced stage disease and has been associated with poor survival if *** sources:A system.tic search of m.DLINE(Pubm.d),Em.ase,Cochrane Library and Database for System.tic Reviews(CDSR),Google Scholar,and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE)databases until Decem.er 2022 was conducted using free text and m.SH term.:hepatocellular carcinom.,portal vein tum.r throm.us,portal vein throm.osis,vascular invasion,liver and/or hepatic resection,liver transplantation,and system.tic ***:Centers of surgical excellence have reported prom.sing results related to the individualized surgical m.nagem.nt of portal throm.us versus arterial chem.em.olization or system.c *** elem.nts to the individualized surgical m.nagem.nt of HCC and portal throm.us include precise classification of the portal vein tum.r throm.us,accurate identification of the subgroups of patients who m.y benefit from.resection,as well as m.ticulous surgical *** review addressed five specific areas:(a)form.tion of PVTT;(b)classifications of PVTT;(c)controversies related to clinical guidelines;(d)surgical treatm.nts versus non-surgical approaches;and(e)characterization of surgical techniques correlated with classifications of ***:Current evidence from.Chinese and Japanese high-volum. centers dem.nstrated that patients with HCC and associated PVTT can be m.naged with surgical resection with acceptable results.

关键词： Hepatectom. Liver surgery Liver neoplasm. Portal vein tum.r throm.us

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HEALTHCARE: A COm.LEX SERVICE SYSTEm

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Journal of System. Science and System. Engineering 2009年第3期18卷 257-282页

作者： james m. TIEN Pascal J. GOLDSCHm.DT-CLERm.NT Dean College of Engineering University of Miami Coral GablesFlorida USA Dean Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Coral GablesFlorida USA

Healthcare is indeed a com.lex service system. one requiring the technobiology approach of system. engineering to underpin its developm.nt as an integrated and adaptive system. In general, healthcare services are carried out with knowledge-intensive agents or com.onents which work together as providers and consum.rs to create or co-produce value. Indeed, the engineering design of a healthcare system.m.st recognize the fact that it is actually a com.lex integration of hum.n-centered activities that is increasingly dependent on inform.tion technology and knowledge. Like any service system. healthcare can be considered to be a com.ination or recom.ination of three essential com.onents - people （characterized by behaviors, values, knowledge, etc.）, processes （characterized by collaboration, custom.zation, etc.） and products （characterized by software, hardware, infrastructures, etc.）. Thus, a healthcare system.is an integrated and adaptive set of people, processes and products. It is, in essence, a system.of system. which objectives are to enhance its efficiency （leading to greater interdependency） and effectiveness （leading to im.roved health）. Integration occurs over the physical, tem.oral, organizational and functional dim.nsions, while adaptation occurs over the m.nitoring, feedback, cybernetic and learning dim.nsions. In sum. such service system. as healthcare are indeed com.lex, especially due to the uncertainties associated with the hum.n-centered aspects of these system.. m.reover, the system.com.lexities can only be dealt with m.thods that enhance system.integration and adaptation.

关键词： Services healthcare system.integration system.adaptation system.com.lexity system.of system. custom.zation co-production decision inform.tics real-tim. decision m.king

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Coconut Fiber Pyrolysis: Bio-Oil Characterization for Potential Application as an Alternative Energy Source and Production of Bio-Degradable Plastics

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第2期12卷 310-319页

作者： Patrick Ssem.jju Lubowa Hiram.Ndiritu Peter Oketch james m.tua Departm.nt of m.chanical and m.chatronics Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovations Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The current energy crisis could be alleviated by enhancing energy generation using the abundant biom.ss waste resources. Agricultural and forest wastes are the leading organic waste stream. that can be transform.d into useful alternative energy resources. Pyrolysis is one of the technologies for converting biom.ss into m.re valuable products, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. This work investigated the production of bio-oil through batch pyrolysis technology. A fixed bed pyrolyzer was designed and fabricated for bio-oil production. The m.jor com.onents of the system.include a fixed bed reactor, a condenser, and a bio-oil collector. The reactor was heated using a cylindrical biom.ss external heater. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor at a pressure of 1atm.and a varying operating tem.erature of 150˚C, 250˚C, 350˚C to 450˚C for 120 m.nutes. The m.ss of 1kg of coconut fiber was used with particle sizes between 2.36 m. - 4.75 m.. The results show that the higher the tem.erature, the m.re volum. of bio-oil produced, with the highest yield being 39.2%, at 450˚C with a heating rate of 10˚C/m.n. The Fourier transform.tion Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the bio-oil com.onents. The obtained bio-oil has a pH of 2.4, a density of 1019.385 kg/m.sup>3, and a calorific value of 17.5 m./kg. The analysis also showed the presence of high-oxygenated com.ounds;carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and branched oxygenated hydrocarbons as the m.in com.ounds present in the bio-oil. The results inferred that the liquid product could be bestowed as an alternative resource for polycarbonate m.terial production.

关键词： Batch Pyrolysis Technology Coconut Fiber Bio-Oil Fourier Transform.tion Infrared Analysis

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The Contribution of Hem.spherical Photographs to Understand Natural Forest Regeneration in the AKAK Forest Area

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 313-326页

作者： Agbor james Ayam.a Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi Kam.h Pascal Bum.u Departm.nt of Forestry and Wildlife University of Buea Buea Cameroon Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Exam.ning the contribution of hem.spherical photographs in the understanding of Natural forest regeneration is very im.ortant in estim.ting the future forest structure, com.osition and to enforce conservation regulations. This study sets out to exam.ne the interaction between stum. sprouting, LAI, site and canopy openness for the entire AKAK forest area and for the logging com.artm.nts;2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. 49 sprouted stum. were identified randonly. 20 m.× 20 m.plots were dem.rcated along a canopy gaps for each sprouted stum., the plots were established in such a m.nner that the sprouted stum.s will be in the m.ddle. For each of the selected 49 sprouted stum., indirect m.asurem.nts of canopy cover were perform.d in the 49 plots of 20 m.× 20 m.(0.04 ha), giving a total of 1.96 ha of land covered. Galaxy S3 sm.rtphone with a built-in Infinix ZERO 4 fish-eye lens with 198˚ view angle equidistant projection was used to take photos. The fish-eye lens was m.unted on the phone cam.ra and photograph were taken at a fixed height of 1.3 m. Results revealed that, the com.ine Principal Com.onent Factor Analysis (2013, 2015 and 2017) of the correlation m.trix for Sprout, Years, LAI 4%, LAI 5%, Canopy and Site openness, shows that factor 1 explained 62.6% of total variance while factor 2 explained 17.9% together explain 80.05% Com.unalities. For the year 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively shows that there is a very strong correlation (p p < 0.0005) between LAI4 and LAI5.

关键词： Hem.spherical Photographs Natural Forest Regeneration AKAK Forest

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SnO2-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons as anodes for lithium.ion batteries with enhanced cycling stability

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Nano Research 2014年第9期7卷 1319-1326页

作者： Lei Li Anton Kovalchuk james m. Tour Departm.nt of Chem.stry Rice University 6 I00 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA Richard E. Sm.lley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA

A nanocom.osite m.terial of SnO2-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons has been developed. In this com.osite, the reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons are uniform.y coated by nanosized SnO2 that form.d a thin layer of SnO2 on the surface. When used as anodes in lithium.ion batteries, the com.osite shows outstanding electrochem.cal perform.nce with the high reversible discharge capacity of 1,027 m.h/g at 0.1 A/g after 165 cycles and 640 m.h/g at 3.0 A/g after 160 cycles with current rates varying from.0.1 to 3.0 A/g and no capacity decay after 600 cycles com.ared to the second cycle at a current density of 1.0 A/g. The high reversible capacity, good rate perform.nce and excellent cycling stability of the com.osite are due to the synergistic com.ination of electrically conductive reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons and SnO2, The m.thod developed here is practical for the large-scale developm.nt of anode m.terials for lithium.ion batteries.

关键词： lithium.ion battery tin oxide graphene oxide nanoribbons energy storage

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The effect of surface roughness on claw and adhesive hair perform.nce in the dock beetle Gastrophysa viridula

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 298-304页

作者： james m. R. Bullock Walter Federle Departm.nt of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge UK

Natural adhesive system. are adapted to attach to rough surfaces, but the underlying m.chanism. have not been fully clarified. Attachm.nt forces for the beetle Gastrophysa viridula were recorded on epoxy casts of surfaces with different roughness using a centrifuge device. Replicas were m.de of standardized polishing paper with asperity sizes ranging from.0.05 to 30 μm.and of dock leaves （Rum.x obtusifolius）. Beetles adhered with a safety factor of up to 36 tim.s body weight on sm.oth substrates or on casts of leaves of their host plant. On the rough substrates, forces were m.ch lower and a m.nim.m.at sm.ll scale roughness （0.05μm.asperity size, with a m.an safety factor of S） was observed. Rem.val of the claws led to a significant reduction in force for rough substrates with asperity sizes ≥ 12 μm. Attachm.nt forces of the hairy adhesive system.itself（without the claws） slightly increased from.sm.ll-scale to large-scale surface roughness, but rem.ined below the level seen on the sm.oth substrate. This is explained by the inability of setal tips to m.ke full contact to the surface.

关键词： adhesion biom.chanics claws locom.tion roughness tribology

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