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A new direction for Alzheimer's research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 190-193页

作者： james D.Weinstein Marshall University School of Medicine Medical Center

Despite decades of research, at present there is no curative therapy for Alzheimer＇s disease. Changes in the way new drugs are tested appear to be necessary. Three changes are presented here and will be discussed. The first change is that Alzheimer＇s disease must be considered a disease of four major pathological processes, not one. The four processes are： 1） vascular hy- poperfusion of the brain with associated mitochondrial dysfunction, 2） destructive protein inclusions, 3） uncontrolled oxidative stress, and 4） proinflammatory immune processes second- ary to microglial and astrocytic dysfunction in the brain. The second change recommended is to alter the standard cognitive measurement tools used to quantify mental decline in test patients. Specifically the Dementia Severity Rating Scale （DSRS） should supersede Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and other popular tests, and a measurement scale developed in research should be used to produce a linear and non-irregular baseline. Finally, accepting the concept that four etiologies cause Alzheimer＇s disease leads to the last necessary change, that new thera- pies must be employed directed against all four causes, likely as a combination. There are drugs ready to be employed in such a combinations which are available and used clinically for other purposes so can be used ＂offlabel＂ and one such combination is suggested.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease etiologies combination therapy cognitive testing failed research off-label use Dementia Severity Rating Scale

A“Sequential Design of Simulations”approach for exploiting and calibrating discrete element simulations of cohesive powders

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第6期16卷 874-885页

作者： Xizhong Chen Chunlei Pei james A.Elliott Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 OFSUK Process and Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringUniversity College CorkCork T12 K8AFIreland Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

The flow behaviours of cohesive particles in the ring shear test were simulated and examined using discrete element method guided by a design of experiments methodology.A full factorial design was used as a screening design to reveal the effects of material properties of *** augmented design extending the screening design to a response surface design was constructed to establish the relations between macroscopic shear stresses and particle *** is found that the powder flow in the shear cell can be classified into four *** stress is found to be sensitive to particle friction coefficient,surface energy and Young’s modulus.A considerable fluctuation of shear stress is observed in high friction and low cohesion *** high cohesion regime,Young’s modulus appears to have a more significant effect on the shear stress at the point of incipient flow than the shear stress during the pre-shear *** predictions from response surface designs were validated and compared with shear stresses measured from the Schulze ring shear *** is found that simulations and experiments showed excellent agreement under a variety of consolidation conditions,which verifies the advantages and feasibility of using the proposed“Sequential Design of Simulations”approach.

关键词： discrete element method cohesive materials parameter calibration ring shear cell design of experiments

Efficiency and superefficiency in one-parameter two-sided truncated distribution families

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第21期42卷 1771-1774页

作者： james C. Fu Department of Statistics University of Manitoba Winnipeg R3T 2N2 Canada

whereθis an unknown parameter, φ(θ) is a continuous differentiable function such that θ0, θ∈R, and f(x;θ) is a positive continuous density func-tion on [θ,φ(θ)]. The one-parameter two-sided truncated distrib... 详细信息

关键词： one-parameter two-sided truncated family super-efficiency a new efficiency asymptotically median unbiased efficient estimate.

Facile synthesis of N-6 adenosine modified analogue toward S-adenosyl methionine derived probe for protein arginine methyltransferases

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2011年第12期22卷 1439-1442页

作者： Wei Hong james Dowden School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beifang University of Nationalities Yinchuan 750021 China School of Chemistry University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK

Chemically modified cellular co-factors that provide function,such as immobilization or incorporation of fluorescent dyes,are valuable probes of biological activity.A convenient route to obtain S-adenosyl methionine（AdoMet） analogues modified at N-6 adenosine to feature a linker terminating in azide functionality is described *** decoration of such AdoMet analogues with guanidinium terminated linkers leads to novel potential bisubstrate inhibitors for protein arginine methyltrans-ferases, PRMTs.

关键词： Protein arginine methyltransferases S-Adenosyl methionine Nucleosides

Fast Beam Deflection and Beam Quality- Keys to Economic High Quality Electron Beam Applications

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第S4期40卷 90-94页

作者： Uwe Clauβ james Bull Pro-Beam AG & Co.KGaA Pro-Beam electron beam technology Suzhou Co.Ltd

Since its first introduction to the industry the control systems of electron beam machines have gone through an enormous *** the availability of fast amplifier components and digital beam controllers the advantages of the electron beam have further increased making it a truly software controlled thermal processing *** beam controllers enable multi-beam and multi-focus technologies,where the beam is split in up to 60 individual *** technologies can reduce the processing time by parallel processing or improve the quality by optimized thermal expansion of the ***-process technologies,where several processes are performed in one run (*** and cosmetic treatment) further extend the application range of the electron beam *** beam deflection in conjunction with electron-optical monitoring is the fundamental component for advanced seam tracking *** allow automating the EB application in order to optimize the process costs and improve the quality of the re-sults in a reproducible *** for a high quality of the EB process is the condition of the tool,the electron beam *** in-troducing the beam parameter product to the electron beam,reliable information about the quality of the beam can be ***-plemented into automatic beam alignment systems repeatable results with high quality are achieved.

关键词： electron beam control system fast beam deflection multi-beam technology multi-focus technology electron-optical monitoring seam tracking systems beam parameter product beam quality automatic beam alignment

Comparative Analysis of Indoor Levels of Suspended Particulates and Nitrogen Dioxide a Few Hours later after an Asthmatic Attack

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2007年第11期25卷 1669-1674页

作者： UKPEBOR, Emmanuel Ehiabhi OKUO, james Majebi EKANEM, Victor james UKPEBOR, Justina Ebehirieme Air Pollution Research Group Department of Chemistry University of Benin Benin City Nigeria Department of Pathology University of Benin/University of Benin Teaching Hospital PMB 1154 Benin City Nigeria

Suspended particulates （TSP） and nitrogen dioxide （NO2） are known respiratory irritants linked to asthma aggravation. This pilot study was designed to investigate the role of these pollutants on the frequency of asthmatic attack on two of the inhabitants of a household. The surveillance of TSP and NO2 in this household commenced a few hours later, after one of the occupants suffered an attack. The TSP load determination was done using a High Volume Gravimetric sampler and a light scattering method via a Haz-Dust 10 μm particulate monitor. Palmes Diffusion tubes for NO2 and a portable Crowcon Gasman toxic gas detector were utilized for NO2 screening. In the first day of monitoring in the living room, the in situ particulate sampler （Haz-Dust） recorded a mean TSP level of 26,000 μg·m^-3. A confirmatory test with the eight hour average Gravimetric sampler gave 25,833 μg·m^-3. With the use of the Gasman toxic gas detector for NO2, the NO2 concentration for the first few hours of sampling was lower than 188 μg·m^-3, the detection limit of this instrument. However, the exact NO2 concentrations for the 7 day monitoring after the attack were 27.50 μg·m^-3 （kitchen） and 12.03 μg·m^-3 （living room） as recorded by the Palmes diffusion tubes.

关键词： nitrogen dioxide total suspended particulate asthma

Understanding Ecological Civilisation

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学术界 2017年第4期 266-271页

作者： james Oswald The University of Adelaide Australia

This paper discusses the value of ecological civilization. The environmental problem is,at its core,a social problem. Ecological values should be used to guide the development and implementation of remediation measures. The success of ‘ecological civilisation’ as a concept lies in giving it a solid,official,and state-sponsored definition centred on the notion of ecological values in order to prevent it becoming meaningless.

关键词：社会问题生态价值观生态文明中国

Changes in Streamflow Regime Due to Anthropogenic Regulations in the Humid Tropical Western Ghats, Kerala State, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 456-470页

作者： ABE George ERINJERY JOSEPH james Centre for Water Resources Development and Management Sub centre Water Institute Karunya University

Regulation of streamflow by a reservoir creates a flow regime much different from the preimpoundment period flow regime. Hydro-Electric Projects(HEPs) commissioned in the Western Ghat regions of the Kerala State, India during the last four decades caused considerable changes in the flow regimes of the rivers of the Kerala State in southwest India. In this paper, the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration(IHA) approach proposed by Richter et al.(1996) is used to analyze flow regime changes in the Periyar and Muvattupuzha Rivers, due to the construction of the Idukki(1976), Idamalayar(1987) and Lower Periyar(1997) HEPs in the high ranges of the Western Ghats. Normal rainfall years(annual rainfall values within mean ± 0.75 standard deviation limits) are only considered in the analysis to focus on hydrologic alterations due to human activities. The mean hydrologic alteration in the Periyar River(deviation from the pre-development hydrologic indicator values) after commissioning of three HEPs is 35%. Inter-basin water transfer after power generation from the Idukki HEP resulted in a higher discharge in the adjacent Muvattupuzha River, leading to considerable changes in the hydroenvironment(mean hydrologic alterations varying between 57 to 63%). IHA parameters showing hydrologic alterations above the 67 th Percentile werefurther analyzed. For each of the pre-construction hydrologic parameters ± 1 standard deviation from the mean is set as the upper and lower management target limits. The values of each IHA parameter beyond these targets are considered as nonattainment. Considerable hydrologic alterations are observed, especially for low flows in both basins. Inter-basin transfer induced larger changes in flow parameters compared to intra-basin regulations. The study shows that under a proper water release and diversion scheme, the non-attainment of IHA parameters(values fall beyond the target limits) can be reduced. The findings of the study will be greatly beneficial to reg

关键词： Range variability approach Hydroelectric projects Humid tropics Flow regime changes Inter-basin regulation Intra-basin regulation

Performance improvement of ionic surfactant flooding in carbonate rock samples by use of nanoparticles

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Petroleum Science 2016年第4期13卷 725-736页

作者： Mohammad Ali Ahmadi james Sheng Department of Petroleum Engineering Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum University of Technology Petroleum Department Texas Tech University

Various surfactants have been used in upstream petroleum processes like chemical flooding. Ultimately, the performance of these surfactants depends on their ability to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. The surfactant concentration in the aqueous solution decreases owing to the loss of the surfactant on the rock surface in the injection process. The main objective of this paper is to inhibit the surfactant loss by means of adding nanoparticles. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and silica nanoparticles were used as ionic surfactant and nanoparticles in our experiments, respectively. AEROSIL~？ 816 and AEROSIL~？200 are hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanoparticles. To determine the adsorption loss of the surfactant onto rock samples, a conductivity approach was used. Real carbonate rock samples were used as the solid phase in adsorption experiments. It should be noted that the rock samples were water wet. This paper describes how equilibrium adsorption was investigated by examining adsorption behavior in a system of carbonate sample（solid phase） and surfactant solution（aqueous phase）. The initial surfactant and nanoparticle concentrations were 500–5000 and 500–2000 ppm, respectively. The rate of surfactant losses was extremely dependent on the concentration of the surfactant in the system, and the adsorption of the surfactant decreased with an increase in the nanoparticle concentration. Also, the hydrophilic nanoparticles are more effective than the hydrophobic nanoparticles.

关键词： Adsorption Hydrophobic silica nanoparticles Hydrophilic silica nanoparticles Ionic surfactant Carbonate rock