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Exposure of juvenile chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** responses

Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 355-366页

作者： Suzanne c.Ball james P.Meador c.Andrew james Jenifer K.Mcintyre Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA Dept.of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Wastewater treatment plants release complex mixtures of chemicals into the aquatic environment as wastewater effluent(WWE);however,the effects of these mixtures are still poorly *** salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)are a culturally important species in the Pacific Northwest and are a vital food resource for southern resident killer whales(Orcinus orca)that are listed as‘critically endangered’under the *** Species Act(ESA).chinook populations have declined drastically in this region and have failed to show significant recovery despite regional-to-federal efforts,resulting in many populations being listed as threatened under the *** source of stress to juvenile chinook is chemical pollution from WWE during their outmigration along river corridors and residency in *** this study,we investigated effects of WWE on juvenile chinook health in a ten-day exposure to dilutions of WWE from 0.1%to 20%.At the end of the exposure,we measured endpoints associated with endocrine disruption,brain function,osmoregulation,stress,and *** to WWE significantly(α=0.1 for all analyses)induced vitellogenesis,indicating endocrine system *** saw significant reductions in plasma glucose,an indication of stress,and brain Na+/K+-ATPase(NKA)activity,an enzyme essential for neuronal ***,metabolism was affected as evidenced by altered total protein,cholesterol,and albumin in plasma,a drastic decrease in whole body lipid content,and a significant increase in visible liver *** compared contaminant concentrations in exposure water with effects concentrations from the literature for chemicals known to induce vitellogenin or inhibit brain *** most contaminants,concentrations in exposure waters were several orders of magnitude below effects concentrations in the *** exception was estrogenic hormones,which were detected at similar concentrations in this study compared to concentrations in other studies tha

关键词： Wastewater effluent chinook salmon Toxicity Sodium potassium ATPase Vitellogenin Physiology Metabolism Glucose

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Exposure of juvenile chinook salmon to effluent from a large urban wastewater treatment *** *** profiling

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 367-377页

作者： james P.Meador Suzanne c.Ball c.Andrew james Jenifer K.Mcintyre Dept.of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health4225 Roosevelt Way NESuite 100SeattleWA98105-6099USA Washington State University School of the EnvironmentPuyallup Research and Extension Center2606 W Pioneer AvePuyallupWA98371USA University of Washington Tacoma Center for Urban Waters326 East D StreetTacomaWA98421-1801USA

Targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on juvenile chinook salmon exposed for 10 days to wastewater effluent(WWE)from a large urban treatment *** included five dilutions of WWE(20%,5.3%,1.4%,0.4%,and 0.1%)and a control with 7 replicates per *** was extracted from fish and analyzed via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(Lc-MS)for 361 endogenous metabolites,of which 185 were ***-versus-treatment comparisons identified several metabolites that were associated with altered biochemical pathways observed for all treatments,including several that are important for energy generation and *** altered pathways are crucial for fish health and may be an early indicator of potential adverse effects on growth,reproduction,behavior,and immune *** ocean-type chinook salmon spend several days to weeks in the nearshore estuary where they may encounter high concentrations of WWE *** are exposed to a wide range of potent pharmaceuticals,personal care products,and industrial compounds from WWE that have the potential to affect physiological homeostasis and disrupt their normal life cycle.

关键词： Wastewater effluent Metabolomics Physiology chinook salmon Pharmaceuticals Metabolic pathways Estuary

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Are trends in SeaWiFS chlorophyll time-series unusual relative to historic variability

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第2期29卷 1-4页

作者： james A Yoder Maureen A Kennelly Scott c Doney ivan D Lima Woods Hole Oceanographic institution Woods Hole MA 02540 USA Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode island Narragansett RI 02882 USA

For selected locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, we compared surface ocean chlorophyll time series extracted from SeaWiFS imagery from 1997-2004 with the results of an ocean coupled circulation and biogeochemical model covering the period 1958-2004. During the 1997-2004 time period, linear trends in model and satellite time series were significantly correlated at most of the 44 sites we studied. Eleven sites were selected for further study, and we used the longer time series of the model to assess whether trends observed during the SeaWiFS period at these 11 sites were unusual in relation to those observed over the longer historical period covered by the model. The results show that the trends observed during the SeaWiFS period were not unusual and fell well within the range in magnitude of linear trends observed in other 8-year periods of model output. This result implies that the SeaWiFS satellite ocean color time series is not yet sufficiently long, on its own, to directly observe any long term changes in phytoplankton chlorophyll that may be occurring in the surface waters of the open ocean as a result of increased ocean stratification linked to global climate changed.

关键词： SeaWiFS trends climate change chlorophyll biogeochemical model ENSO

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Myosin Xi is Required for Actin-Associated Movement of Plastid Stromules

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1262-1272页

作者： Senthil Kumar A. Natesan james A. Sullivan John c. Gray Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EA UK Present address: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RE UK Present address: School of Biological and chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK

Stromules are highly dynamic stroma-filled tubules extending from the surface of plastids and occasionally interconnecting individual plastids, allowing the movement of complex biological molecules between the interconnected plastids. Experiments with inhibitors of cytoskeleton assembly have indicated the involvement of an actin-based system in stromule movement. However, the motor protein associated with the system had not been identified. Here, we present direct evidence that myosin Xi is involved in the formation and movement of stromules in tobacco leaves. Application of 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime, an inhibitor of myosin ATPase activity, resulted in the loss of stromules from tobacco leaf epidermal cells. Transient RNA interference of myosin Xi in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana also resulted in the loss of stromules from epidermal cells, without any effect on transcripts for actin or myosin Viii. Transient expression of a GFP- tagged myosin Xi tail domain in tobacco leaf epidermal cells showed that the fusion protein localized to the chloroplast envelope, as well as to mitochondria and other organelles. Our findings identify myosin Xi as a key protein involved in the formation and movement of stromules.

关键词： chloroplast biology cytoskeleton organelle biogenesis/function tobacco.

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Quaternion Quasi-chebyshev Non-local Means for color image Denoising

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chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第3期32卷 397-414页

作者： XU Xudong ZHANG Zhihua M.james c.crabbe School of Mathematics Shandong University Wolfson college University of Oxford

Quaternion non-local means(QNLM) denoising algorithm makes full use of high degree self-similarities inside images to suppress the noise, so the similarity metric plays a key role in its denoising *** this study, two improvements have been made for the QNLM: 1) For low level noise, the use of quaternion quasi-chebyshev distance is proposed to measure the similarity of image patches and it has been used to replace the Euclidean distance in the QNLM algorithm. Since the quasi-chebyshev distance measures the maximal distance in all color channels, the similarity of color images measured by quasi-chebyshev distance can capture the structural similarity uniformly for each color channel; 2) For high level noise, quaternion bilateral filtering has been proposed as the preprocessing step in the QNLM algorithm. Denoising simulations were performed on 110 images of landscape, people, and architecture at different noise levels. compared with QNLM, quaternion non-local total variation(QNLTV), and non-local means(NLM)variants(NLTV, NLM after wavelet threshold preprocessing, and the color adaptation of NLM), our novel algorithm not only improved PSNR/SSiM(peak signal to noise rate/structural similarity) and figure of merit values by an average of 2.77 dB/8.96% and 0.0491 respectively, but also reduced processing time.

关键词： image color analysis Filtering Quaternions Noise reduction color Euclidean distance Filtering algorithms

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Natural regeneration and ecological recovery in Mau Forest complex, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第6期3卷 417-422页

作者： james Mwangi Kinjanjui Moses Karachi kennedy Nyambuti Ondimu Department of Geography Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Natural Resources Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Resource Survey and Remote Sensing Nairobi Kenya

This study investigated natural ecological recovery in parts of Western and Southwestern blocks of theMauForestcomplex that had experienced varied levels of disturbance. The extent and speed of regeneration in the disturbed regions since the eviction of the setter population were not known. This study thus now provides current baseline data on plant distribution, germination of soil bank seeds, and soil nutrient content. The number of tree species recorded at different levels of disturbance were in increas- ing order: moderately disturbed (MDF) > undisturbed (UDF) > heavy disturbed forest (HDF). Forest clearing reduced forest basal area and forest stocking of big trees (dbh ≥40 cm) in the HDF by more than 4 and 6 times, respectively, than those in UDF. Tree importance values indicated a reduction in commercially valuable species in HDF. Early colonizers and fire tolerant species were predominant in the HDF whereas non-commercial species dominated MDF. Viable soil seed reserves decreased with soil depth in all forests but content between 0 -20 cmsoil depth showed a potential to support regeneration. Total N, organic c and available P decreased with increase in forest disturbance. Overall, the disturbed sites showed a general potential for ecological recovery and natural regeneration to UDF status.

关键词： Disturbance Regeneration Soil Seed Bank Germination Nutrients

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Resistance to the Whitefly Aleurotrachelus socialis(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) and SSR Marker identification in Advanced Populations of the Hybrid Manihot esculenta *** flabellifolia

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Journal of integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2217-2228页

作者： Arturo carabalí james Montoya-Lerma Anthony c Belloti Martin Fregene Gerardo Gallego Deparment of Biology Universidad del Valle international center of Tropical Agriculture (ciAT)

Genes resistant to Aleurotrachelus socialis were transferred to the F 1 from the interspecific hybrid wild species of Manihot flabellifolia to *** and two advanced generations of backcrosses（Bc 1 and Bc 2）.We characterized the resistance of *** transferred to Bc 2 parents（cW67-160,cW67-130,cW67-44）,MTAi-8（Bc 1）,resistant（cMB9B-73） and susceptible（cMB9B-104） genotypes from contrasting pools,and resistant（MEcu-72） and susceptible（cMc-40） *** demography and biology were *** molecular markers associated with a phenotypic response of plant resistance were detected in segregating populations（Bc 2）.Results showed that although female survival time was similar on all hosts,the lowest averages of longevity,fecundity and oviposition rate were observed in the resistant control MEcu- 72,only being significantly similar to the parent *** the Bc 1 and Bc 2 populations were compared,it was found that *** fecundity was eight times lower on cMB9B-73 progeny than on cW67-130,expressing the highest levels of resistance to the *** genotypes of cMB9A and cMB9B family had the best segregation.A total of 486 microsatellite primers were evaluated using bulked segregant analysis（BSA）,11 showed polymorphism between the contrasting pools and only one showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible *** conclusion,fecundity was the parameter that impacted most on the intrinsic rate of *** population growth.

关键词： cassava wild parents interspecific hybrids whitefly resistance BSA

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A High-Throughput Phenotyping Pipeline for image Processing and Functional Growth curve Analysis

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 188-195页

作者： Ronghao Wang Yumou Qiu Yuzhen Zhou Zhikai Liang james c.Schnable Department of Statistics University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln 68503USA Department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityAmes 50011USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA center for Plant Science innovation Department of Agronomy and HorticultureUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln 68503USA

High-throughput phenotyping system has become more and more popular in plant science *** data analysis for such a system typically involves two steps:plant feature extraction through image processing and statistical analysis for the extracted *** current approach is to perform those two steps on different *** develop the package“implant”in R for both robust feature extraction and functional data *** image processing,the“implant”package provides methods including thresholding,hidden Markov random field model,and morphological *** statistical analysis,this package can produce nonparametric curve fitting with its confidence region for plant growth.A functional ANOVA model to test for the treatment and genotype effects on the plant growth dynamics is also provided.

关键词： steps image operations

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Diffusion of lithium ions in Lithium-argyrodite solid-state electrolytes

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npj computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 326-335页

作者： Ardeshir Baktash james c.Reid Tanglaw Roman Debra J.Searles centre for Theoretical and computational Molecular Science Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072 QLDAustralia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072 QLDAustralia School of Physics The University of SydneyCamperdown 2006 NSWAustralia School of chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072 QLDAustralia

The use of solid-state electrolytes to provide safer,next-generation rechargeable batteries is becoming more feasible as materials with greater stability and higher ionic diffusion coefficients are ***,accurate determination of diffusion coefficients in solids is problematic and reliable calculations are highly sought-after to understand how their structure can be modified to improve their *** this paper we compare diffusion coefficients calculated using nonequilibrium and equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for highly diffusive solid-state electrolytes,to demonstrate the accuracy that can be ***,we show that ab initio nonequilibrium molecular dynamics can be used to determine diffusion coefficients when the diffusion is too slow for it to be feasible to obtain them using ab initio equilibrium simulations.

关键词： diffusion nonequilibrium feasible

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An ab initio Study of Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Stable Phases of csXBr₃ (X = Ge, Si) compounds for Solar cell Applications

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Open Journal of Microphysics 2023年第2期13卷 15-26页

作者： kennedy Juma Wanyama Phillip Wilfsen Otieno Nyawere james Sifuna Department of Physical and Biological Sciences Kabarak University Nakuru Kenya Department of Natural Sciences Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

Utilising the density functional theory, the mechanical and electrical characteristics of cesium Germanium Bromide, csGeBr3 and cesium Silicon Bromide csSiBr3 compounds were computed. The complicated and unique physical and chemical properties of these materials include the ideal geometric property, a limited electronic band structure, a charge density distribution, and specific van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states. With the use of the quantum espresso code and pseudo-potentials taken from the quantum espresso data repository, we have applied density functional theory. Plane Wave (PW) basis set and Projector Augmented Wave (PAW) pseudo potentials were used to compute the ground state energy. For the exchange correlation, where plane wave basis sets are used to expand the electronic structure wave function, the Generalised Gradient Approximation (GGA) was employed. For the computation of mechanical behaviour, including the bulk modulus and elastic constants with their derivatives, Thermo_pw was used as a post-processing algorithm. The theoretical framework that is being taught gives a thorough understanding of the many qualities and possible uses for solar cells and other opto-electronic devices. Both the cubic (high-temperature) and tetragonal (low-temperature) phases of csGeBr3 were discovered to have an appropriate gap for solar cells. The edge-sharing monoclinic phase exhibits a greater distortion of the band structure than the cubic phase, which has a lower total energy and a somewhat bigger electronic gap. Although our estimations are less definite because the matching silicon-based compounds have not yet been created, they nonetheless point to a small gap for cubic csGeBr3 of about 0.2 - 0.8 eV.

关键词： Electronic Mechanical Stability Perovskite

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