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Construction of a fluvial facies knowledge graph and its application in sedimentary facies identification

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geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 268-281页

作者： Lei Zhang Mingcai Hou Anqing Chen Hanting Zhong james g.Ogg Dongyu Zheng Key Laboratory of Deep-time geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications MNR&Institute of Sedimentary GeologyChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Reservoir geology and Exploitation(Chengdu University of Technology) Chengdu 610059China

Lithofacies paleogeography is a data-intensive discipline that involves the interpretation and compilation of sedimentary *** sedimentary facies analysis is a labor-intensive task with the added complexity of using unstructured knowledge and unstandardized ***,it is very difficult for beginners or non-geology scholars who lack a systematic knowledge and experience in sedimentary facies *** hurdles could be partly alleviated by having a standardized,structured,and systematic knowledge base coupled with an efficient automatic machine-assisted sedimentary facies identification *** this end,this study constructed a knowledge system for fluvial facies and carried out knowledge *** include a domain knowledge graph for types of fluvial facies(meandering,braided and other fluvial depositional environments)and their characteristic features(bedforms,grain size distribution,etc.)with visualization,a method for query and retrieval on a graph database platform,a hierarchical knowledge tree-structure,a data-mining clustering algorithm for machineanalysis of publication texts,and an algorithm model for this area of sedimentary facies *** underlying sedimentary facies identification and knowledge reasoning system is based on expert experience and synthesis of *** testing,17 sets literature publications data that included details of sedimentary facies data(bedforms,grain sizes,etc.)were submitted to the artificial intelligence model,then compared and *** testing set of automated reasoning results yielded an interpretation accuracy of about 90%relative to the published interpretations in those ***,the model and algorithm provide an efficient and automated reasoning technology,which provides a new approach and route for the rapid and intelligent identification of other types of sedimentary facies from literature data or direct use in the field.

关键词： Fluvial facies Knowledge graph Domain ontology Sedimentary facies identification Machine-assisted interpretation

A method for quantifying bias in modeled concentrations and source impacts for secondary particulate matter

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 153-164页

作者： Cesunica E. lvey Heather A. Holmes Yongtao Hu james A. Muiholland Armistead g. Russell School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA Department of Physics University of Nevada Reno 1664 N Virginia St Reno NV 89557 USA

Community Multi-Scale Air Quality （CMAQ） estimates of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and organic carbon are highly influenced by uncertainties in modeled secondary formation processes, such as chemical mechanisms, volatilization, and condensation rates. These compounds constitute the majority ofPM2.5 mass, and reducing bias in estimated concentrations has benefits for policy measures and epidemiological studies. In this work, a method for adjusting source impacts on secondary species is developed that provides estimates of source contributions and reduces bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations. The bias correction adjusts concentrations and source impacts based on the difference between modeled concentrations and observations while taking into account uncertainties at the location of interest; and it is applied both spatially and temporally. We apply the method over the US for 2006. The mean bias for initial CMAQ concentrations compared to observations is -0.28 （OC）, 0.11 （NO3）, 0.05 （NH4）, and -0.08 （SO4）. The normalized mean bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations was effectively zero for OC, NO3, NH4, and SO4 after applying the secondary bias correction. Ten-fold cross-validation was conducted to determine the performance of the spatial application of the bias correction. Cross-validation performance was favorable; correlation coefficients were greater than 0.69 for all species when comparing observations and concentrations based on kriged correction factors. The methods presented here address model uncertainties by improving simulated concentrations and source impacts of secondary particulate matter through data assimilation. Secondary-adjusted concentrations and source impacts from 20 emissions sources are generated for 2006 over continental US.

关键词： Particulate matter Source apportionment Secondary particulate matter Chemical transport modeling Receptor modeling

Effects of land use and management on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity of soils within River Njoro Watershed in Kenya

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 80-87页

作者： Zachary g.Mainuri james O.Owino Department of Crops Horticulture and Soil ScienceEgerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya Department of Agricultural Engineering Egerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EGERTONKenya

There has been tremendous changes in land use and management in the River Njoro Watershed during the last three *** large scale farms have been converted into smallholder farms and plantation forests have gradually been *** changes in land use and management have brought in different approaches that have triggered soil erosion and other forms of land *** objective of this study was to trace the changes in land use and determine their effects on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity.A semi detailed soil survey of the watershed was undertaken following a three-tier approach comprising image interpretation,field surveys and laboratory *** measured variables in the soil were analysed using ANOVA and correlation *** major land uses were found to be forestland,agricultural land,grassland,and wetland.A strong soil type_landscape relationship was observed within the *** of slopes were moderately to severely eroded,shallow and less developed whereas those on summits,pen plains,uplands,plateaus and valleys were deep and well *** stability was the highest in forestland and decreased in the order of grassland,agricultural land and wetland *** mean weight diameter under the various land use conditions was 0.68,0.64,0.58,and 041 *** conductivity was the highest in forest-land and decreased in the order of agricultural land,grassland and wetland *** was significant negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and the bulk density and clay content of the *** aggregate stability and lowered hydraulic conductivity is likely to be responsible for some of the severe soil erosion and other forms of land degradation observed in the River Njoro Watershed.

关键词： Land use Land management Land degradation Aggregate stability

Linking landforms and land use to land degradation in the Middle River Njoro Watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第2期2卷 1-10页

作者： Zackary g.Mainuri james O.Owino Department of Crops Horticulture and Soil ScienceEgerton UniversityP.O.Box 536EgertonKenya

Land degradation is the decline in the productive capacity of an *** mainly occurs due to processes induced by human activities,such as deforestation,poor farming practices,or enhanced industrial growth leading to various land degradation processes such as,flooding,drought and accelerated *** objective of the study was to link landforms and land uses to land *** in the catchments were distinguished on the basis of Physiographic,parent material/geology and soil *** soil mapping units were identified in the *** validity of the identified soil mapping units were checked in the field using auger hole,mini pits,road and erosion cut *** profile pits were sighted in the major mapping *** profile pits were described according to FAO(1977)and Kenya Soil Survey(1987).Soil classification was done according to FAO/UNESCO(1997).Soil mapping units were found to follow soil physiographic units/land *** on mountains and hills were found to be somewhat excessively drained,shallow to moderately *** from uplands and plateaus were well drained,deep to very *** on plains fell on two extremes;those that were well drained,deep to very deep and those that were imperfectly drained to poorly drained,moderately deep to very ***,chemical and biological land degradation was found to take place in the different physiographic units/land forms at varying *** erosion,nutrient depletion and vegetation depletion were found to be the most important degradation ***,physiographic units,soil susceptibility and hazard maps were drawn and their classes in the different landforms established.

关键词： Land use Landform Land degradation

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美术史是一种全球性的事业吗?(英文)

美术史是一种全球性的事业吗?(英文)

Wing, tail, and vocal contributions to the complex acoustic signals of courting Calliope hummingbirds

北京论坛（2004）文明的和谐与共同繁荣

作者： james elkins 美国芝加哥美术学院

I consider five reasons why art history around the world (art history in general) might be considered to be several disciplines instead of one;and then five reasons why it might be best to continue thinking of art history as a single enterprise. In the end, I conclude that art history is becoming global in its methods, concepts, politics, and institutions, and that multicultural studies that focus on differences between regions and countries may soon be overwhelmed by the impending uniformity of the discipline.

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 187-196页

作者： Christopher james CLARK Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University PO Box 208106 New Haven CT 06511 USA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California- Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

Multi-component signals contain multiple signal parts expressed in the same physical modality. One way to identify individual components is if they are produced by different physical mechanisms. Here, I studied the mechanisms generating acoustic signals in the courtship displays of the Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope. Display dives consisted of three synchronized sound elements, a high-frequency tone （hfl）, a low frequency tone （lft）, and atonal sound pulses （asp）, which were then followed by a frequency-modulated fall. Manipulating any of the rectrices （tail-feathers） of wild males impaired production of the lft and asp but not the hfl or fall, which are apparently vocal. I tested the sound production capabilities of the rectrices in a wind tunnel. Single rectrices could generate the lft but not the asp, whereas multiple rectrices tested together produced sounds sitlfilar to the asp when they fluttered and collided with their neighbors percussively, representing a previously unknown mechanism of sound production. During the shuttle display, a trill is generated by the wings during pulses in which the wingbeat frequency is elevated to 95 Hz, 40% higher than the typical hovering wingbeat frequency. The Calliope hummingbird courtship displays include sounds produced by three independent mechanisms, and thus include a minimum of three acoustic signal components. These acoustic mechanisms have different constraints and thus potentially contain different messages. Producing multiple acoustic signals via multiple mechanisms may be a way to escape the constraints present in any single mechanism .

关键词： Calliope Hummingbird Courtship Multicomponent Signal Sonation Wind Tunnel

High nymphal host density and mortality negatively impact parasitoid complex during an insect herbivore outbreak

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 351-365页

作者： Aidan A. g. Hall Scott N. Johnson james M. Cook Markus Riegler Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University NSW Australia

Insect herbivore outbreaks frequently occur and this may be due to factors that restrict top-down control by parasitoids, for example, host-parasitoid asynchrony, hyperparasitization, resource limitation and climate. Few studies have examined hostparasitoid density relationships during an in sect herbivore outbreak in a n atural ecosystem with diverse parasitoids. We studied parasitization patterns of Cardiaspina psyllids during an outbreak in a Eucalyptus woodland. First, we established the trophic roles of the parasitoids through a species-specific multiplex PCR approach on mummies from which parasitoids emerged. Then, we assessed host-parasitoid density relationships across three spatial scales (leaf, tree and site) over one yeas We detected four endoparasitoid species of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera);two primary parasitoid and one heteronomous hyperparasitoid Psyllaephagus species (the latter with female development as a primary parasitoid and male development as a hyperparasitoid), and the hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonuspsyllae. Parasitoid development was host-synchronized, although synchrony between sites appeared constrained during winter (due to temperature differences). Parasitization was predominantly driven by one primary parasitoid species and was mostly inversely host-density dependent across the spatial scales. Hyperparasitization by C. psyllae was psyllid-density dependent at the site scale, however, this only impacted the rarer primary parasitoid. High larval parasitoid mortality due to density-dependent nymphal psyllid mortality (a consequence of resource limitation) compounded by a summer heat wave was incorporated in the assessment and resulted in density independence of host-parasitoid relationships. As such, high larval parasitoid mortality during insect herbivore outbreaks may contribute to the absence of host density-dependent parasitization during outbreak events.

关键词： density-dependent mortality insect outbreak psyllid synchronization temperature trophic interactions

Drying characteristics and quality of bananas under infrared radiation heating

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 58-70页

作者： Milly A.Pekke Zhongli Pan griffiths g.Atungulu gary Smith james F.Thompson Department of Food Science and Technology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Processed Foods Research Unit USDA-ARS Western Regional Research CenterAlbanyCA 94710USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Food Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72704USA

Hot air(HA)drying of banana has low drying efficiency and results in undesirable product *** objectives of this research were to investigate the feasibility of infrared(IR)heating to improve banana drying rate,evaluate quality of the dried product,and establish models for predicting drying *** slices of 5 mm and 8 mm thickness were dried with IR and HA at product temperatures of 60℃,70℃ and 80℃.Banana drying characteristics and changes in residual polyphenol oxidase(PPO),Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),color,moisture content(MC)and water activity during the treatments were *** showed that significant moisture reduction and higher drying rates were achieved with IR drying compared to HA drying in the early *** drying data could be fitted to the Page model for accurate prediction of MC change for IR and HA drying with mean R2 of *** was noted that enzyme inactivation occurred more quickly with IR than with HA drying.A unique response of PPO under IR and HA drying was *** heating of banana inactivated PPO within the first 20 min of drying at 60℃,70℃ and 80℃,while PPO was first activated before inactivation at 60℃ and 70℃ drying with *** highest HMF content occurred in banana slices with 5 mm thickness dried with IR at a product temperature of 80℃.It is therefore recommendable to dry banana with IR at product temperature of 70℃ or below to preserve the product *** findings are new and provide more insight in the application of IR heating for drying banana for improved drying rate and product quality.

关键词： drying banana infrared radiation hot air drying enzyme inactivation

Nutrient alterations following biochar application to a Cd-contaminated solution and soil

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 457-468页

作者： Liqiang Cui james A.Ippolito Matt Noerpel Kirk g.Scheckel Jinlong Yan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyNo.211 Jianjun RoadYancheng 224003China Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response Land Remediation and Technology DivisionUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyCincinnatiOH 45224-1701USA

Biochars,when applied to contaminated solutions or soils,may sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing neces-sary plant *** purpose of this study focused on quantifying both phenomenon following wheat straw(Triticum aestivum L.)biochar application(0,5,and 15%by wt)to a Cd containing solution and a Cd-contaminated paddy soil using 240-day laboratory batch *** both experiments,solid phases were analyzed for elemental associations using a combination of wet chemical sequential extractions and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS).When wheat straw biochar was applied at 15%to Cd containing solutions,Cd and Zn concentrations decreased to below detection in some instances,Ca and Mg concentrations increased by up to 290%,and solution pH increased as compared to the 5%biochar application *** responses were observed when biochar was added to the Cd-contaminated paddy soil,suggesting that this particular biochar has the ability to sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients to the soil *** significant,positive correlations existed between nutrient release over time,while negative correlations were present between biochar application rate,potentially toxic element sorption and *** latter suggests that potentially toxic elements were sorbed by a combination of organic functional groups or mineral precipitation based on whether pH was above or below~*** support of this contention,the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with previously observed Cd or current Zn XAS showed that biochar application promoted the formation of layered double hydroxides,sorption to(oxy)hydroxides,and organically bound to biochar as Zn *** a multi-functional material,biochar appears to play an important role in sequestering Cd while releasing essential plant *** findings suggest that biochar may be a‘win-win’for improving environmental quality in pot

关键词： Biochar Cadmium Nutrient availability Sequential extraction procedure X-ray absorption spectroscopy Zinc