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Drying characteristics and quality of bananas under infrared radiation heating

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 58-70页

作者： Milly A.Pekke Zhongli Pan Griffiths G.Atungulu Gary Smith james f.thompson Department of food Science and Technology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Processed foods Research Unit USDA-ARS Western Regional Research CenterAlbanyCA 94710USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of food Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72704USA

Hot air(HA)drying of banana has low drying efficiency and results in undesirable product *** objectives of this research were to investigate the feasibility of infrared(IR)heating to improve banana drying rate,evaluate quality of the dried product,and establish models for predicting drying *** slices of 5 mm and 8 mm thickness were dried with IR and HA at product temperatures of 60℃,70℃ and 80℃.Banana drying characteristics and changes in residual polyphenol oxidase(PPO),Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMf),color,moisture content(MC)and water activity during the treatments were *** showed that significant moisture reduction and higher drying rates were achieved with IR drying compared to HA drying in the early *** drying data could be fitted to the Page model for accurate prediction of MC change for IR and HA drying with mean R2 of *** was noted that enzyme inactivation occurred more quickly with IR than with HA drying.A unique response of PPO under IR and HA drying was *** heating of banana inactivated PPO within the first 20 min of drying at 60℃,70℃ and 80℃,while PPO was first activated before inactivation at 60℃ and 70℃ drying with *** highest HMf content occurred in banana slices with 5 mm thickness dried with IR at a product temperature of 80℃.It is therefore recommendable to dry banana with IR at product temperature of 70℃ or below to preserve the product *** findings are new and provide more insight in the application of IR heating for drying banana for improved drying rate and product quality.

关键词： drying banana infrared radiation hot air drying enzyme inactivation

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functional inequalities on manifolds with non-convex boundary

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第8期61卷 1421-1436页

作者： Lijuan Cheng Anton Thalmaier james thompson Mathematics Research Unit University of Luxembourg Department of Applied Mathematics Zhejiang University of Technology

In this article, new curvature conditions are introduced to establish functional inequalities including gradient estimates, Harnack inequalities and transportation-cost inequalities on manifolds with non-convex boundary.

关键词： Ricci curvature gradient inequality log-Sobolev inequality geometric flow

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Interaction forces between soft magnetic particles in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2010年第6期26卷 921-929页

作者： Ayyoub Mehdizadeh james f.Klausner Nima Rahmatian Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of FloridaP.O.Box 116300GainesvilleFL 32611-6300USA

The influence of the magnetization of a soft magnetic sphere on the surrounding magnetic field is measured and *** interaction force between two soft magnetic particles is directly measured using an ultra precision load sensor in uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields. The interaction force largely follows an inverse fourth power law as a function of separation distance between particle centers. At small distances,the effect of magnetization of one particle on the magnetization of its adjacent particle causes the attractive（repulsive） force to be larger（smaller） than that predicted by the inverse fourth power *** theoretical prediction based on a modified dipole model,that takes into account the coupling effect of the magnetization among soft magnetic particles,gives excellent agreement with the measured force in a uniform magnetic *** interaction force under a non-uniform applied magnetic field can be reasonably predicted using the dipole-dipole interaction model when the local magnetic field is used to determine the magnetization.

关键词： Magnetic force Magnetic charge model Magnetic dipole model Soft magnetic particle

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Expanding the donor pool: Hepatitis C, hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus-positive donors in liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第47期25卷 6799-6812页

作者： james f Crismale Jawad Ahmad Division of Liver Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Liver transplantation(LT)remains the best option for patients with end-stage liver disease but the demand for organs from deceased donors continues to outweigh the available *** advent of highly effective anti-viral treatments has reduced the number of patients undergoing LT for hepatitis C(HCV)and hepatitis B(HBV)related liver disease and yet the number of patients waiting for LT continues to increase,driven by an increase in the patients listed with a diagnosis of cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholrelated liver *** addition,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection,which was previously a contra-indication for LT,is no longer a fatal disease due to the effectiveness of HIV therapy and patients with HIV and liver disease are now developing indications for *** rising demand for LT is projected to increase further in the future,thus driving the need to investigate potential means of expanding the pool of potential *** mechanism for doing so is utilizing organs from donors that previously would have been discarded or used only in exceptional circumstances such as HCV-positive,HBV-positive,and HIVpositive *** advent of highly effective anti-viral therapy has meant that these organs can now be used with excellent outcomes in HCV,HBV or HIV infected recipients and in some cases uninfected recipients.

关键词： Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Human immunodeficiency virus Liver transplantation

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Modeling the Newtonian dynamics for rotation curve analysis of thin-disk galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第12期11卷 1429-1448页

作者： james Q.feng C.f.Gallo Superconix Inc 2440 Lisbon AvenueLake ElmoMN 55042USA

We present an efficient, robust computational method for modeling the Newtonian dynamics for rotation curve analysis of thin-disk galaxies. With appropriate mathematical treatments, the apparent numerical difficulties associated with singularities in computing elliptic integrals are completely removed. Using a boundary element discretization procedure, the governing equations are transformed into a linear algebra matrix equation that can be solved by straightforward Gauss elimination in one step without further iterations. The numerical code implemented according to our algorithm can accurately determine the surface mass density distribution in a disk galaxy from a measured rotation curve （or vice versa）. for a disk galaxy with a typical flat rotation curve, our modeling results show that the surface mass density monotonically decreases from the galactic center toward the periphery, according to Newtonian dynamics. In a large portion of the galaxy, the surface mass density follows an approximately exponential law of decay with respect to the galactic radial coordinate. Yet the radial scale length for the surface mass density seems to be generally larger than that of the measured brightness distribution, suggesting an increasing mass-tolight ratio with the radial distance in a disk galaxy. In a nondimensionalized form, our mathematical system contains a dimensionless parameter which we call the ＂galactic rotation number＂ that represents the gross ratio of centrifugal force and gravitational force. The value of this galactic rotation number is determined as part of the numerial solution. Through a systematic computational analysis, we have illustrated that the galactic rotation number remains within 4-10% of 1.70 for a wide variety of rotation curves. This implies that the total mass in a disk galaxy is proportional to V02 Rg, with V0 denoting the characteristic rotation velocity （such as the ＂flat＂ value in a typical ro- tation curve） and Rg the radius of the galacti

关键词： galaxy: disk -- galaxies: general -- galaxies: kinematics and dynamics -- galaxies: structure -- methods: numerical and analytical

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Burrowing Richardson's ground squirrels affect plant seedling assemblages via environmental but not seed bank changes

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 219-226页

作者： Levi J.Newediuk james f.Hare Department of Biological Sciences University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada R3T 2N2

In grassland ecosystems,burrowing mammals create disturbances,providing habitat for animal species and increasing plant community *** investigated whether seedling assemblages on Richardson's ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii mounds result from seed rearrangement or environmental changes that favor germination of certain species over *** test whether ground squirrels rearrange the seed bank by burrowing,we compared seed compositions among mounds,burrows,and undisturbed *** test whether ground squirrels change environmental conditions,we compared soil nitrate and bare ground cover on and off *** also compared seedlings that germinated on mounds with seedlings that germinated on artificial disturbances from which we removed aboveground *** nitrate and bare ground cover were significantly higher on mounds than artificial *** seed richness and abundance did not differ among mounds,burrows,and undisturbed soil,seedling richness was reduced on mounds relative to artificial *** disturbance favors seedlings that can capitalize on bare ground availability but are less able to immobilize nitrate,as opposed to perennial species that immobilize more nitrate but take longer to *** results suggest that Richardson's ground squirrels act as ecosystem engineers,although future research following succession on ground squirrel mounds is necessary to understand how they influence plant communities past the seedling stage.

关键词： burrowing disturbance ecosystem engineering Richardsons ground squirrel seed bank seedling species composition

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The Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD): assessing the accuracy of DfT formation energies

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npj Computational Materials 2015年第1期1卷 15-29页

作者： Scott Kirklin james E Saal Bryce Meredig Alex thompson Jeff W Doak Muratahan Aykol Stephan Rühl Chris Wolverton Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA fIZ Karlsruhe—Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DfT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and decorations of commonly occurring crystal *** maximise the impact of these data,the entire database is being made available,without restrictions,at ***/*** this paper,we outline the structure and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DfT predictions with experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of *** represents the largest comparison between DfT and experimental formation energies to *** apparent mean absolute error between experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/*** order to estimate how much error to attribute to the DfT calculations,we also examine deviation between different experimental measurements themselves where multiple sources are available,and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/***,we suggest that a significant fraction of the error between DfT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental ***,we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained from the ICSD as well as hypothetical structures),which allows us to predict the existence of~3,200 new compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery,based on historical data available within the ICSD.

关键词： Quantum DfT Open

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A classical equation that accounts for observations of non-Arrhenius and cryogenic grain boundary migration

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1492-1500页

作者： Eric R.Homer Oliver K.Johnson Darcey Britton james E.Patterson Eric T.Sevy Gregory B.thompson Department of Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35401USA

Observations of microstructural coarsening at cryogenic temperatures,as well as numerous simulations of grain boundary motion that show faster migration at low temperature than at high temperature,have been troubling because they do not follow the expected Arrhenius *** work demonstrates that classical equations,that are not simplified,account for all these oddities and demonstrate that non-Arrhenius behavior can emerge from thermally activated *** to this classical model,this occurs when the intrinsic barrier energies of the processes become small,allowing activation at cryogenic *** thermal energy then allows the low energy process to proceed in reverse,so increasing temperature only serves to frustrate the forward *** classical form is shown to reconcile and describe a variety of diverse grain boundary migration observations.

关键词： cryogenic grain boundary

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Perceptual tolerance neighborhood-based similarity in content-based image retrieval and classification

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2012年第2期5卷 164-185页

作者： Amir H.Meghdadi james f.Peters Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada School of Mathematics University of HyderabadHyderabadIndia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of using perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods in tolerance space-based image similarity measures and its application in content-based image classification and ***/methodology/approach–The proposed method in this paper is based on a set-theoretic approach,where an image is viewed as a set of local visual *** method also includes a tolerance relation that detects the similarity between pairs of elements,if the difference between corresponding feature vectors is less than a threshold 2(0,1).findings–It is shown that tolerance space-based methods can be successfully used in a complete content-based image retrieval(CBIR)***,it is shown that perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods can replace tolerance classes in CBIR,resulting in more accuracy and less ***/value–The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods instead of tolerance classes in a new form of the Henry-Peters tolerance-based nearness measure(tNM)and a new neighbourhood-based tolerance-covering nearness measure(tcNM).Moreover,this paper presents a side–by–side comparison of the tolerance space based methods with other published methods on a test dataset of images.

关键词： Image similarity Nearness measure Distance measurement Content-based image retrieval(CBIR) Perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods Tolerance spaces Tolerances Measurement

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Design of Poiseuille flow Controllers Using the Method of Inequalities

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2009年第1期6卷 14-21页

作者： John McKernan james f. Whidborne George Papadakis Department of Mechanical Engineering King s College London Strand Department of Aerospace Sciences Cranfield University

This paper investigates the use of the method of inequalities （MoI） to design output-feedback compensators for the problem of the control of instabilities in a laminar plane Poiseuille flow. In common with many flows, the dynamics of streamwise vortices in plane Poiseuille flow are very non-normal. Consequently, small perturbations grow rapidly with a large transient that may trigger nonlinearities and lead to turbulence even though such perturbations would, in a linear flow model, eventually decay. Such a system can be described as a conditionally linear system. The sensitivity is measured using the maximum transient energy growth, which is widely used in the fluid dynamics community. The paper considers two approaches. In the first approach, the MoI is used to design low-order proportional and proportional-integral （PI） controllers. In the second one, the MoI is combined with Mcfarlane and Glover＇s H∞ loop-shaping design procedure in a mixed-optimization approach.

关键词： Transient energy growth transient behaviour flow control Poiseuille flow method of inequalities (MoI) mixed opti-mization H∞-optimization.

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