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The song remains the same： Juvenile Richardson＇s ground squirrels do not respond dif.erentially to mother＇s or colony member＇s alarm calls

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 773-780页

作者： james f. HARE Kurtis J. WARKENTIN Department of.Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Department of.Zoology Brandon University Brandon MB R7A 6A9

Alarm calls are emitted by Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii in response to avian and terrestrial predators. Conspecif.cs detecting these calls respond with increased vigilance, promoting predator detection and evasion, but in doing so, lose time f.om f.raging. That loss can be minimized if.alarm call recipients discriminate among signalers, and weight their response accordingly. f.r juvenile ground squirrels, we predicted that the trade-of. between f.raging and vigilance could be optimized via selective response to alarm calls emitted by their own dam, and/or neighboring colony members over calls broad- cast by less f.miliar conspecif.cs. Alarm calls of.adult f.male Richardson＇s ground squirrels were elicited in the f.eld using a predator model and recorded on digital audio tape. f.ee-living f.cal juveniles were subjected to playbacks of.a call of.their mother, and on a separate occasion a call f.om either another adult f.male f.om their own colony, or an adult f.male f.om another colony. Neither immediate postural responses and escape behavior, nor the duration of.vigilance manif.sted by juveniles dif.ered with exposure to alarm calls of.the three adult f.male signaler types. Thus, juveniles did not respond pref.rentially to alarm calls emitted by their mothers or colony members, likely ref.ecting the high cost of.ignoring alarm signals where receivers have had limited opportunity to establish past signaler reliability [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 773-780, 2012].

关键词： Alarm Signal Communication Maternal Call Recognition Signal Reliability Ground Squirrel Social Discrimination

Ef.ect of.Hind Leg Morphology on Perf.rmance of.a Canine-inspired Quadrupedal Robot

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Journal of.Bionic Engineering 2015年第3期12卷 339-351页

作者： james Andrew smith Jamil Jivraj Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON Canada

Biomimetic leg designs of.en appear to be arbitrarily chosen. To make a more objective choice regarding biomimetic leg conf.guration f.r small canine-inspired robots, we compare one hind leg to the same leg arranged in a dif.erent orientation, and show that the less biomimetic leg provides better perf.rmance. This dif.erently-oriented leg design, which we call ＂transverse-mirrored＂ was more ef.icient and f.ster, both in simulation and experiment even though both leg conf.gurations used the same passive and active components, rest angles, and monoartieular knee spring. In experiments the normal conf.guration had a maximum speed of.0.33 m·s^-1 and a specif.c resistance of.5.1. Conversely, the less biomimetic transverse-mirrored conf.guration had a maximum speed of.0.4 m·s^-1 and specif.c resistance of.3.9. Theref.re the transverse-mirrored leg＇s best perf.rmance yields a 21% increase in speed and 24% decrease in specif.c resistance when compared to the best perf.rmance achieved in the normal biomimetic leg. The major underlying reason is that the knee spring engages more readily in the transverse-mirrored conf.guration, resulting in this f.ster and more ef.icient locomotion. The conclusion is that simply copying f.om nature does not lead to optimal perf.rmance and that insight into the role played by passive design components on natural locomotory dynamics is important.

关键词： biomimetic legged robot quadruped leg design walking legged locomotion

Design of.Poiseuille f.ow Controllers Using the Method of.Inequalities

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International Journal of.Automation and computing 2009年第1期6卷 14-21页

作者： John McKernan james f. Whidborne George Papadakis Department of.Mechanical Engineering King s College London Strand Department of.Aerospace Sciences Cranfield University

This paper investigates the use of.the method of.inequalities （MoI） to design output-f.edback compensators f.r the problem of.the control of.instabilities in a laminar plane Poiseuille f.ow. In common with many f.ows, the dynamics of.streamwise vortices in plane Poiseuille f.ow are very non-normal. Consequently, small perturbations grow rapidly with a large transient that may trigger nonlinearities and lead to turbulence even though such perturbations would, in a linear f.ow model, eventually decay. Such a system can be described as a conditionally linear system. The sensitivity is measured using the maximum transient energy growth, which is widely used in the f.uid dynamics community. The paper considers two approaches. In the f.rst approach, the MoI is used to design low-order proportional and proportional-integral （PI） controllers. In the second one, the MoI is combined with Mcf.rlane and Glover＇s H∞ loop-shaping design procedure in a mixed-optimization approach.

关键词： Transient energy growth transient behaviour f.ow control Poiseuille f.ow method of.inequalities (MoI) mixed opti-mization H∞-optimization.

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Resolving display shape dependence issues on tabletops

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Computational Visual Media 2018年第4期4卷 349-365页

作者： james McNaughton Tom Crick Shamus smith School of.Education Durham University Department of.Computer Science Swansea University School of.Electrical Engineering & Computing Universityof Newcastle(Australia)

Advances in display technologies are transf.rming the capabilities—and potential applications—of.system interf.ces. Previously, the overwhelming majority of.systems have utilised rectangular displays;this may soon change with digital devices increasingly designed to be ubiquitous and pervasive, to f.cilitate f.ictionless human interaction. At present, sof.ware is invariably designed assuming it will be used with a display of.a specif.c shape; however, there is an emerging demand f.r systems built around interacting with tabletop interf.ces to be capable of.handling a wide range of.potential display shapes. In this paper,the design of.sof.ware f.r use on a range of.dif.erently shaped tabletop displays is considered, proposing a novel but extensible technique that can be used to minimise the inf.uence of.the issues of.using dif.erent display shapes. f.rthermore, we present a study that applies the technique to adapt several sof.ware applications to several dif.erent display shapes.

关键词： visual content management irregular displays screen design multi-touch surf.ces tabletop displays ubiquitous computing

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A Scalable Testing f.amework f.r Location-Based Services

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Journal of.Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 386-404页

作者： Jiang Yu Andrew Tappenden james Miller Michael smith University of.Alberta Edmonton T6G 2E1 Canada University of.Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada

A novel testing f.amework f.r location based services is introduced. In particular, the paper showcases a novel architecture f.r such a f.amework. The implementation of.the f.amework illustrates both the f.nctionality and the f.asibility of.the f.amework proposed and the utility of.the architecture. The new f.amework is evaluated through comparison to several other methodologies currently available f.r the testing of.location-based applications. A case study is presented in which the testing f.amework was applied to a typical mobile service tracking system. It is concluded that the proposed testing f.amework achieves the best coverage of.the entire location based service testing problem of.the currently available methodologies; being equipped to test the widest array of.application attributes and allowing f.r the automation of.testing activities.

关键词： location based applications location-based services M-commerce sof.ware testing

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Guided Explorations of.the Mechanics of.Solids and Structures (Cambridge Aerospace Series)

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Drying characteristics and quality of.bananas under inf.ared radiation heating

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作者： james f. Doyle

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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International Journal of.Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 58-70页

作者： Milly A.Pekke Zhongli Pan Grif.iths G.Atungulu Gary smith james f.Thompson Department of.f.od Science and Technology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Processed f.ods Research Unit USDA-ARS Western Regional Research CenterAlbanyCA 94710USA Department of.Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of.f.od Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72704USA

Hot air(HA)drying of.banana has low drying ef.iciency and results in undesirable product *** objectives of.this research were to investigate the f.asibility of.inf.ared(IR)heating to improve banana drying rate,evaluate quality of.the dried product,and establish models f.r predicting drying *** slices of.5 mm and 8 mm thickness were dried with IR and HA at product temperatures of.60℃,70℃ and 80℃.Banana drying characteristics and changes in residual polyphenol oxidase(PPO),Hydroxymethylf.rf.ral(HMf.,color,moisture content(MC)and water activity during the treatments were *** showed that signif.cant moisture reduction and higher drying rates were achieved with IR drying compared to HA drying in the early *** drying data could be f.tted to the Page model f.r accurate prediction of.MC change f.r IR and HA drying with mean R2 of.*** was noted that enzyme inactivation occurred more quickly with IR than with HA drying.A unique response of.PPO under IR and HA drying was *** heating of.banana inactivated PPO within the f.rst 20 min of.drying at 60℃,70℃ and 80℃,while PPO was f.rst activated bef.re inactivation at 60℃ and 70℃ drying with *** highest HMf.content occurred in banana slices with 5 mm thickness dried with IR at a product temperature of.80℃.It is theref.re recommendable to dry banana with IR at product temperature of.70℃ or below to preserve the product *** f.ndings are new and provide more insight in the application of.IR heating f.r drying banana f.r improved drying rate and product quality.

关键词： drying banana inf.ared radiation hot air drying enzyme inactivation

Bilayer self.assembly on a hydrophilic, deterministically nanopatterned surf.ce

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Nano Research 2013年第11期6卷 784-794页

作者： Gregory S. smith Seung-Yong Jung james f. Browning Jong K. Keum Nickolay V. Lavrik Mussie G. Alemseghed C. Patrick Collier Biology and Sof. Matter Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Center f.r Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Chemical and Engineering Materials Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Department of.Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0012 USA

We present measurements of.the in situ, microscopic architecture of.a self. assembled bilayer at the interf.ce between a regularly nanopatterned surf.ce and an aqueous sub-phase using neutron ref.ectometry. The substrate is patterned with a rectangular array of.nanoscale holes. Because of.the high quality of.the pattern, using neutron ref.ectometry, we are able to map the surf.ce-normal density distribution of.the patterned silicon, the penetration of.water into the pattern, and the distribution of.a deposited f.lm inside and outside of.the etched holes. In this stud; 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine （DLPC） single bilayers were deposited on the hydrophilic patterned surf.ce. f.r bilayers deposited either by vesicle f.sion （Vf. or by the Langmuir-Schaef.r （L-S） technique, the most consistent model f.und to f.t the data shows that the lipids f.rm bilayer coatings on top of.the substrate as well as the bottoms of.the holes in an essentially conf.rmal f.shion. However, while there is a single bilayer on the unetched silicon surf.ce, the lipids coating the bottoms of.the holes f.rm a complex bimodal structure consistent with a rough surf.ce produced by the etching process. This study provides insight into f.lm transf.r both outside and inside regular nanopatterned f.atures.

关键词： thin f.lm nanopattern neutron ref.ectivity lipid self.assembly

Yes-associated protein(YAP)in pancreatic cancer:at the epicenter of.a targetable signaling network associated with patient survival

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2018年第1期3卷 226-235页

作者： Enrique Rozengurt james Sinnett-smith Guido Eibl Department of.Medicine David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 9005USA CURE:Digestive Diseases Research Center University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 9005USA Molecular Biology Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 9005USA Department of.Surgery David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 9005USA

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is generally a f.tal disease with no ef.icacious treatment *** of.signaling mechanisms that will lead to the identif.cation of.novel targets f.r therapy and chemoprevention is urgently ***,we review the role of.Yes-associated protein(YAP)and WW-domain-containing Transcriptional co-Activator with a PDZbinding motif.TAZ)in the development of.*** oncogenic proteins are at the center of.a signaling network that involves multiple upstream signals and downstream YAP-regulated *** also discuss the clinical signif.cance of.the YAP signaling network in PDAC using a recently published interactive open-access database(***/pathology)that allows genome-wide exploration of.the impact of.individual proteins on survival *** YAP/TEAD-regulated genes,including AJUBA,ANLN,AREG,ARHGAP29,AURKA,BUB1,CCND1,CDK6,CXCL5,EDN2,DKK1,f.SL1,f.XM1,HBEGf.IGf.P2,JAG1,NOTCH2,RHAMM,RRM2,SERP1,and ZWILCH,are associated with unf.vorable survival of.PDAC ***,components of.AP-1 that synergize with YAP(f.SL1),growth f.ctors(TGf.,EPEG,and HBEGf.,a specif.c integrin(ITGA2),heptahelical receptors(P2Y2R,GPR87)and an inhibitor of.the Hippo pathway(MUC1),all of.which stimulate YAP activity,are associated with unf.vorable survival of.PDAC *** contrast,YAP inhibitory pathways(STRAD/LKB-1/AMPK,PKA/LATS,and TSC/mTORC1)indicate a f.vorable *** associations emphasize that the YAP signaling network correlates with poor survival of.pancreatic cancer *** conclude that the YAP pathway is a major determinant of.clinical aggressiveness in PDAC patients and a target f.r therapeutic and preventive strategies in this disease.

关键词： prevention cancer network