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Influence of visual targets and landmarks on honey bee foraging and waggle dancing

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Insect Science 2020年第2期27卷 349-360页

作者： Bahram Kheradmand Julian cassano Selena Gray james c.Nieh Division of Biological Sciences Section of EcologyBehavior&EvolutionUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

Animals use diverse sensory stimuli to navigate their environment and to recognize rewarding food *** bees use visual atributes of the targeted food source,such as its color,shape,size,direction and distance from the hive,and the landmarks around it to navigate during *** transmit the location information of the food source to other bees if it is highly *** investigate the relative importance of these attributes,we trained bees to feeders in two different *** the first experiment,we asked whether bees prefer to land on(a)a similar feeder at a different distance on the same heading or on(b)a visually distinct feeder located at the exact same *** found that,within a short foraging range,bees relied heavily on the color and the shape of the food source and to a lesser extent on its distance from the *** the second experiment,we asked if moving the main landmark or the feeder(visual target)influenced recruitment dancing for the *** found that foragers took longer to land and danced fewer circuits when the location of the food source,or a major landmark associated with it,*** results demonstrate that prominent visual atributes of food sources and landmarks are evidently more reliable than distance information and that foraging bees heavily utilize these visual cues at the later stages of their journey.

关键词： Apis mellifera foraging leaning navigation visual orientation

Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 1040-1054页

作者： james M.Fitton Martin Lehmann David c.Major Department of Planning Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark The Earth Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

coastal settlements face many hazards from climate ***,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing ***,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger *** towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to *** absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being *** paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high *** method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into *** will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

关键词： climate change adaptation global data coastal hazards Denmark small urban areas

can the grains offer each other helping hands?convergent molecular mechanisms associated with domestication and crop improvement in rice and maize

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Molecular Plant 2022年第5期15卷 793-795页

作者： Ravi V.Mural james c.Schnable University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNEUSA

The grasses,Poaceae,are an extraordinarily ecologically success-ful clade,with more than 10000 described extant *** grasses include more than 30 domesticated grain crops,ranging from maize(Zea mays),rice(Oryza sativa),and wheat(Triticum aes-tivum),which are collectively responsible for 50%of all calories consumed by humans around the world,to minor and orphan crops such as teff(Eragrostis tef),pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum),proso millet(Panicum milaceum),and Job's tears(coix lacryma-jobi)(Glémin and Bataillon,2009).Domestication of grain crops from their wild relatives involved a common suite of phenotypic changes,including loss of seed shattering,loss of dormancy,and increased apical dominance,which are collectively referred to as"domestication syndrome"(Glémin and Bataillon,2009).

关键词： sativa crops collective

Development of growth rate, body lipid,moisture,and energy models for white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) fed at various feeding rates

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 46-60页

作者： Seunghyung lee Ozan Sonmez Silas S.O.Hung james G.Fadel Department of Animal Science University of California Department of Statistics University of California

The objectives were to develop and evaluate: 1) growth rate models, 2) body lipid, moisture, and energy models for white sturgeon fed at various feeding rates(FR; % body weight [BW] per day) and then evaluate responses at proportions of optimum feeding rate(OFR) across increasing BW(g). For objective1,19 datasets from the literature containing initial BW, FR and specific growth rate(SGR; % BW increase per day) were used. For objective 2.12 datasets from the literature(11 from objective 1) containing SGR,FR,final BW,body lipid(%),protein(%),ash(%),moisture(%),and energy(kJ/g) were used. The average rearing temperatures was 19.2 ± 1.5 ℃(mean ± SD). The average nutrient compositions and gross energy of the diets were 45.7 ± 4.3% protein,14.8 ± 3.2% lipid, and 20.4 ± 1.3 kJ/g,respectively. The logistic model was used for objectives 1 and 2 to develop a statistical relationship between SGR and FR, then an iterative technique was used to estimate OFR for each dataset. For objective 2, the statistical relationship between body lipid, energy, and moisture and FR was established. Using the OFR estimate, SGR, body lipid, energy and moisture were computed at various FR as a proportion of OFR, Finally, a nonparametric fitting procedure was used to establish relationships between SGR, body lipid, energy and moisture(responses)compared with BW(predictor) at various proportions of OFR. This allows visualization of the effect of under-or over-feeding on the various responses. When examining the differences between OFR at 100%and various proportions of OFR, SGR differences decrease and moisture differences increase as BW increases. Lipid and energy differences decrease as BW increases. To our knowledge, these are the first description of changes in nutrient compositions when white sturgeon are fed at various FR. Because physiological and behavioral properties that are unique to sturgeon, results from this study are specific to sturgeon under the conditions of this study and cannot b

关键词： Specific growth rate Body composition Optimum feeding rate Sturgeon

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SOPHIE: Generative Neural Networks Separate common and Specific Transcriptional Responses

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第5期20卷 912-927页

作者： Alexandra J.lee Dallas L.Mould Jake crawford Dongbo Hu Rani K.Powers Georgia Doing james c.costello Deborah A.Hogan casey S.Greene Genomics and computational Biology Graduate Program University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNH 03755USA Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA center for Health AI University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA

Genome-wide transcriptome profiling identifies genes that are prone to differential expression(DE)across contexts,as well as genes with changes specific to the experimental *** genes that are specifically changed in a context of interest from common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)allows more efficient prediction of which genes are specific to a given biological process under ***,common DEGs or pathways can only be identified through the laborious manual curation of experiments,an inordinately time-consuming *** we pioneer an approach,Specific cOntext Pattern Highlighting In Expression data(SOPHIE),for distinguishing between common and specific transcriptional patterns using a generative neural network to create a background set of experiments from which a null distribution of gene and pathway changes can be *** apply SOPHIE to diverse datasets including those from human,human cancer,and bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas *** identifies common DEGs in concordance with previously described,manually and systematically determined common *** molecular validation indicates that SOPHIE detects highly specific but low-magnitude biologically relevant transcriptional ***’s measure of specificity can complement log2 fold change values generated from traditional DE *** example,by filtering the set of DEGs,one can identify genes that are specifically relevant to the experimental condition of ***,these results can inform future research *** scripts used in these analyses are available at https://***/greenelab/*** can access https://***/greenelab/sophie to run SOPHIE on their own data.

关键词： Neural network Transcriptomics Software Differential expression analysis Machine learning

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Are trends in SeaWiFS chlorophyll time-series unusual relative to historic variability

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第2期29卷 1-4页

作者： james A Yoder Maureen A Kennelly Scott c Doney Ivan D Lima Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02540 USA Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett RI 02882 USA

For selected locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, we compared surface ocean chlorophyll time series extracted from SeaWiFS imagery from 1997-2004 with the results of an ocean coupled circulation and biogeochemical model covering the period 1958-2004. During the 1997-2004 time period, linear trends in model and satellite time series were significantly correlated at most of the 44 sites we studied. Eleven sites were selected for further study, and we used the longer time series of the model to assess whether trends observed during the SeaWiFS period at these 11 sites were unusual in relation to those observed over the longer historical period covered by the model. The results show that the trends observed during the SeaWiFS period were not unusual and fell well within the range in magnitude of linear trends observed in other 8-year periods of model output. This result implies that the SeaWiFS satellite ocean color time series is not yet sufficiently long, on its own, to directly observe any long term changes in phytoplankton chlorophyll that may be occurring in the surface waters of the open ocean as a result of increased ocean stratification linked to global climate changed.

关键词： SeaWiFS trends climate change chlorophyll biogeochemical model ENSO

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Myosin XI Is Required for Actin-Associated Movement of Plastid Stromules

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1262-1272页

作者： Senthil Kumar A. Natesan james A. Sullivan John c. Gray Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EA UK Present address: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RE UK Present address: School of Biological and chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK

Stromules are highly dynamic stroma-filled tubules extending from the surface of plastids and occasionally interconnecting individual plastids, allowing the movement of complex biological molecules between the interconnected plastids. Experiments with inhibitors of cytoskeleton assembly have indicated the involvement of an actin-based system in stromule movement. However, the motor protein associated with the system had not been identified. Here, we present direct evidence that myosin XI is involved in the formation and movement of stromules in tobacco leaves. Application of 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime, an inhibitor of myosin ATPase activity, resulted in the loss of stromules from tobacco leaf epidermal cells. Transient RNA interference of myosin XI in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana also resulted in the loss of stromules from epidermal cells, without any effect on transcripts for actin or myosin VIII. Transient expression of a GFP- tagged myosin XI tail domain in tobacco leaf epidermal cells showed that the fusion protein localized to the chloroplast envelope, as well as to mitochondria and other organelles. Our findings identify myosin XI as a key protein involved in the formation and movement of stromules.

关键词： chloroplast biology cytoskeleton organelle biogenesis/function tobacco.

Quaternion Quasi-chebyshev Non-local Means for color Image Denoising

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chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第3期32卷 397-414页

作者： XU Xudong ZHANG Zhihua M.james c.crabbe School of Mathematics Shandong University Wolfson college University of Oxford

Quaternion non-local means(QNLM) denoising algorithm makes full use of high degree self-similarities inside images to suppress the noise, so the similarity metric plays a key role in its denoising *** this study, two improvements have been made for the QNLM: 1) For low level noise, the use of quaternion quasi-chebyshev distance is proposed to measure the similarity of image patches and it has been used to replace the Euclidean distance in the QNLM algorithm. Since the quasi-chebyshev distance measures the maximal distance in all color channels, the similarity of color images measured by quasi-chebyshev distance can capture the structural similarity uniformly for each color channel; 2) For high level noise, quaternion bilateral filtering has been proposed as the preprocessing step in the QNLM algorithm. Denoising simulations were performed on 110 images of landscape, people, and architecture at different noise levels. compared with QNLM, quaternion non-local total variation(QNLTV), and non-local means(NLM)variants(NLTV, NLM after wavelet threshold preprocessing, and the color adaptation of NLM), our novel algorithm not only improved PSNR/SSIM(peak signal to noise rate/structural similarity) and figure of merit values by an average of 2.77 dB/8.96% and 0.0491 respectively, but also reduced processing time.

关键词： Image color analysis Filtering Quaternions Noise reduction color Euclidean distance Filtering algorithms

A Review of the Enforcement of HKSAR Award in Mainland china after the Promulgation of "The Arrangement"

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武汉仲裁 2009年 5卷 78-87页

作者： james lee Wuhan University of PRc

Hong Kong’s first architect-turned barrister Dr james lee gives a concise review of how Mainland china courts approach the enforcement of the arbitral awards published in Hong Kong Special Administrative *** attentio...

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