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Detecting white matter alterations in multiple sclerosis using advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 114-123页

作者： Sourajit M.Mustafi Jaroslaw Harezlak chandana Kodiweera Jennifer S.Randolph james c.ford Heather A.Wishart Yu-chien Wu Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Indiana University Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Dartmouth Brain Imaging center Dartmouth College Department of Psychiatry Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease, a hallmark of which is demyelinating lesions in the white matter. We hypothesized that alterations in white matter microstructures can be non-invasively characterized by advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Seven diffusion metrics were extracted from hybrid diffusion imaging acquisitions via classic diffusion tensor imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and q-space imaging. We investigated the sensitivity of the diffusion metrics in 36 sets of regions of interest in the brain white matter of six female patients(age 52.8 ± 4.3 years) with multiple sclerosis. Each region of interest set included a conventional T2-defined lesion, a matched perilesion area, and normal-appearing white matter. Six patients with multiple sclerosis(n = 5) or clinically isolated syndrome(n = 1) at a mild to moderate disability level were recruited. The patients exhibited microstructural alterations from normal-appearing white matter transitioning to perilesion areas and lesions, consistent with decreased tissue restriction, decreased axonal density, and increased classic diffusion tensor imaging diffusivity. The findings suggest that diffusion compartment modeling and q-spa ce analysis appeared to be sensitive for detecting subtle microstructural alterations between perilesion areas and normal-appearing white matter.

关键词： multiple sclerosis hybrid diffusion imaging NODDI diffusion tensor imaging q-space imaging

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl james Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes c.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGcs). However, the use of tNGcs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGc would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGcs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGcs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGcs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGcs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGcs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGcs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGcs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: Time for a paradigm shift?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第26期26卷 3712-3719页

作者： Dipesh H Vasant Alexander c.ford Gastroenterology Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and GastroenterologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St.james’s University of LeedsLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

Recent advances in biological therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on achieving the more stringent therapeutic goals of mucosal and histological healing,rather than clinical remission ***,the treatment of refractory“functional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has recently become more prominent in quiescent *** further expected advances in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of such symptoms in quiescent disease,which have been relatively neglected,is set to become an even bigger *** this article,we highlight the current state of research and understanding in this field,including recent developments and clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms,such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional anorectal and pelvic floor disorders,in patients with quiescent *** disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are difficult to treat,with very few evidence-based ***,they are associated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,considerable morbidity,and psychological *** is therefore an urgent need for a change in emphasis towards earlier recognition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing functional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of active *** article also highlights the need for further research to develop much needed evidence-based therapies.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Functional gastrointestinal disorders Faecal incontinence Pelvic floor dyssynergia

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Defining laboratory reference values and decision limits＇ populations, intervals, and interpretations

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 83-90页

作者： james c. Boyd Department of Pathology University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville VA 22908-0168 USA

This article provides a brief overview of various approaches that may be utilized for the analysis of human semen test results. Reference intervals are the most widely used tool for the interpretation of clinical laboratory results. Reference interval development has classically relied on concepts elaborated by the International Federation of clinical chemistry Expert Panel on Reference Values during the 1980s. These guidelines involve obtaining and classifying samples from a healthy population of at least 120 individuals and then identifying the outermost 5% of observations to use in defining limits for two-sided or one-sided reference intervals. More recently, decision limits based on epidemiological outcome analysis have also been introduced to aid in test interpretation. The reference population must be carefully defined on the basis of the intended clinical use of the underlying test. To determine appropriate reference intervals for use in male fertility assessment, a reference population of men with documented time to pregnancy of 〈 12 months would be most suitable. However, for epidemiological assessment of semen testing results, a reference population made up ofunselected healthy men would be preferred. Although reference and decision limits derived for individual semen analysis test results will undoubtedly be the interpretational tools of choice in the near future, in the long term, multivariate methods for the interpretation of semen analysis alone or in combination with information from the female partner seem to represent better means for assessing the likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy in a subfertile couple.

关键词： decision limits fertility assessment human semen testing likelihood ratios reference values semen analysis

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Efficiency and superefficiency in one-parameter two-sided truncated distribution families

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第21期42卷 1771-1774页

作者： james c. Fu Department of Statistics University of Manitoba Winnipeg R3T 2N2 Canada

whereθis an unknown parameter, φ(θ) is a continuous differentiable function such that θ0, θ∈R, and f(x;θ) is a positive continuous density func-tion on [θ,φ(θ)]. The one-parameter two-sided truncated distrib... 详细信息

关键词： one-parameter two-sided truncated family super-efficiency a new efficiency asymptotically median unbiased efficient estimate.

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Using fracture grouting to lift structures in clayey sand

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第11期11卷 879-886页

作者： james c. NI Wen-chieh cHENG Department of civil Engineering National Taipei University of Technology college of Engineering National Taipei University of Technology

An inclined seven-story reinforced concrete building was leveled by a fracture grouting technique with quick-setting grout on a differential thickness of a clayey sand layer. The permeability and strength of clayey sand were controlled by clay content, although sand was the primary component of the foundation soil. The elevations of the building columns at basement level were closely monitored to record both the heaved volume of mat foundation after grouting and the settled volume during pore pressure dissipation. During the stabilizing stage of grouting, the foundation soil was densified by the repetitive fracturing process, which resulted in the lateral movement of the foundation soil. When the grout is less able to push soil laterally than upwards, the building starts to lift, the so-called lifting stage of grouting. The grouting efficiency is influenced by soil type, soil stress history, and foundation pressure. A final grouting efficiency of 27% and a linear relationship between grout use and percentage of eleva-tion were obtained when this building was successfully and permanently leveled.

关键词： Fracture grouting Gel time Mat foundation Grouting efficiency clayey sand

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Sea Nine 211 as antifouling biocide: A coastal pollutant of emerging concern

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 68-79页

作者： Lianguo chen james c.W.Lam State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong

Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DcOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population ***, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.

关键词： Sea Nine 211 Antifouling agent Degradation Environmental occurrences Ecological risks Endocrine disruption

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computational Biology Approaches to Plant Metabolism and Photosynthesis:Applications for corals in Times of climate change and Environmental Stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第8期52卷 698-703页

作者： M.james c.crabbe LIRANS Institute for Research in the Applied Natural Sciences Faculty of Creative ArtsTechnologies and ScienceUniversity of BedfordshireLutonUK

Knowledge of factors that are important in reef resilience helps us to understand how reef ecosystems react following major anthropogenic and environmental disturbances. The symbiotic relationship between the photosynthetic zooxanthellae algal cells and corals is that the zooxanthellae provide the coral with carbon, while the coral provides protection and access to enough light for the zooxanthellae to photosynthesise. This article reviews some recent advances in computational biology relevant to photosynthetic organisms, including Beyesian approaches to kinetics, computational methods for flux balances in metabolic processes, and determination of clades of zooxanthallae. Application of these systems will be important in the conservation of coral reefs in times of climate change and environmental stress.

关键词： computational Biology Approaches to Plant Metabolism and Photosynthesis

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Functional Divergence between Subgenomes anc Gene Pairs after Whole Genome Duplications

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 388-397页

作者： Zhikai Liang james c. Schnable Plant Science innovation & Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68503 USA

Gene loss following whole genome duplication （WGD） is often biased, with one subgenome retaining more ancestral genes and the other sustaining more gene deletions. While bias toward the greater expression of gene copies on one subgenome can explain bias in gene loss, this raises the question to what drives differences in gene expression levels between subgenomes. Differences in chromatin modifications and epigenetic markers between subgenomes in several model species are now being identified, providing an explanation for bias in gene expression between subgenomes. WGDs can be classified into duplications with higher, biased gene loss and bias in gene expression between subgenomes versus those with lower, unbiased rates of gene loss and an absence of detectable bias between subgenomes; however, the origi- nally proposed link between these two classes and whether WGD results from an allo- or autopolyploid event is inconsistent with recent data from the allopolyploid capsella bursa-pastoris. The gene balance hypothesis can explain bias in the functional categories of genes retained following WGD, the difference in gene loss rates between unbiased and biased WGDs, and how plant genomes have avoided being overrun with genes encoding dose-sensitive subunits of multiprotein complexes. comparisons of gene expression patterns between retained transcription factor pairs in maize suggest the high degree of retention for WGD-derived pairs of transcription factors may instead be explained by the older duplication-degeneration-complementation model.

关键词： whole genome duplication fractionation subgenome polypioidy

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Efficacy of infliximab in acute severe ulcerative colitis:A single-centre experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1091-1097页

作者： Stephen J Halpin P John Hamlin Daniel P Gree Lisa Warren Alexander c.ford Leeds Gastroenterology Institute St.James's University HospitalLeedsWest Yorkshire LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom Leeds Gastroenterology Institute St.James's University HospitalLeedsWest Yorkshire LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom r Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of LeedsLeedsWest Yorkshire LS9 7TFUnited Kingdom

AIM:To suggest infliximab(IFX) is effective for acute severe ulcerative colitis,from real-life clinical ***:All patients receiving IFX for the treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis in a single centre were *** were extracted from clinical records in order to assess response to IFX *** primary endpoint was colectomy-free survival,and secondary outcomes included glucocorticosteroid-free remission and safety,which was evaluated by recording deaths and adverse *** and clinical characteristics of those who underwent colectomy and those who were colectomy-free,both at discharge from their index admission,and during follow-up after an initial response to IFX were ***:Forty-four patients(16 females,mean age 36 years) received IFX between May 2006 and January 2012 for acute severe ulcerative *** median duration of follow-up post-first infusion was 396 d(interquartile range = 173-828 d).There were 21(47.7%) patients with 2 years of follow-up post-first infusion of ***,35(79.5%) responded to IFX,avoiding colectomy during their index admission,29(65.9%) were colectomyfree at last point of follow-up(median follow-up 396 d),and 25(56.8%) were in glucocorticosteroid-free remission at end of *** was one death from post-operative sepsis,20 d after a single IFX *** rates were generally lower among those "bridging" to *** 18 patients "bridged" to thiopurine therapy,17(94.4%) were colectomyfree,and 15(83.3%) were in glucocorticosteroid-free remission at study *** predictors of response were ***:IFX is effective for acute severe ulcerative colitis in real-life clinical ***-thirds of patients avoided colectomy,and more than 50% were in glucocorticosteroid-free remission.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Severe Azathioprine Infliximab Remission

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