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Formation of a 40 A DC Current Arc During the Opening of Silver Contacts

Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第5期16卷 471-478页

作者： M'hammed ABBAOUI André LEFORT Erwann CARVOU Damien SALLAIS james brian alexander mitchell Noureddine BEN JEMAA Clermont Université Université d'AuvergneEA 3120LAEPTBP 10448F-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance Equipe Contacts Electriques IPR(UMR CNRS 6251)Universite de Rennes 135042 Rennes CedexFrance

The erosion of silver contacts due to break arcs with length proportional to time and of variable duration has been measured by weighing the contacts following 5000 openings at a constant current equal to 40 *** experimental results show that,for arc durations shorter than 60 μs,the transfer of metal from the anode to the cathode occurs,but after passing this stage,when the two electrodes are separated by greater distances,each will display *** is the result of the diffusion of material outside the space between the two *** order to interpret these results,we have applied a classical model of the physical phenomena occurring at the root of the *** of the experimental results shows that for an arc duration of less than15 μs,no distinct cathode root is seen to exist,but beyond this,several spots appear gradually on the cathode for arc duration up to 50 μs,after which they merge into a single *** comparison between experiment results and theoretical interpretation is reasonable up to 60 μs.

关键词： arc root cathode spot anode spot erosion contacts current density

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Direct characterization of a nonlinear photonic circuit’s wave function with laser light

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 1082-1086页

作者： Francesco Lenzini alexander N Poddubny james Titchener Paul Fisher Andreas Boes Sachin Kasture Ben Haylock Matteo Villa Arnan mitchell alexander S Solntsev Andrey A Sukhorukov Mirko Lobino Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Nonlinear Physics Centre Research School of Physics and EngineeringAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia ITMO University Saint Petersburg 197101Russia Ioffe Institute Saint Petersburg 194021Russia School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4111Australia

Integrated photonics is a leading platform for quantum technologies including nonclassical state generation1–4,demonstration of quantum computational complexity5 and secure quantum *** photonic circuits grow in complexity,full quantum tomography becomes impractical,and therefore an efficient method for their characterization7,8 is *** we propose and demonstrate a fast,reliable method for reconstructing the two-photon state produced by an arbitrary quadratically nonlinear optical *** establishing a rigorous correspondence between the generated quantum state and classical sum-frequency generation measurements from laser light,we overcome the limitations of previous approaches for lossy multimode devices9,*** applied this protocol to a multi-channel nonlinear waveguide network and measured a 99.28±0.31%fidelity between classical and quantum *** technique enables fast and precise evaluation of nonlinear quantum photonic networks,a crucial step towards complex,largescale,device production.

关键词： quantum nonlinear characterization

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Endoscopic ultrasound in chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第6期12卷 262-276页

作者： brian M Fung alexander P Abadir Armen Eskandari Michael J Levy james H Tabibian Department of Medicine Olive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States Department of Medicine University of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCA 92868United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95817United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is a minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic modality with a number of established as well as evolving uses in patients with chronic liver *** to other diagnostic tools such as cross-sectional imaging or conventional endoscopy,EUS has been shown to increase diagnostic sensitivity and therapeutic success for many clinical scenarios and applications with a low rate of adverse *** this review,we discuss and focus on the current and growing role of EUS in the evaluation and/or treatment of hepatobiliary masses,hepatic parenchymal disease,portal hypertension,esophageal and other varices,and indeterminate biliary strictures.

关键词： Endoscopy Cirrhosis Liver mass Liver biopsy Variceal bleeding

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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates brian H.Davison james G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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Exogenous phosphatidic acid reduces acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by activating hepatic interleukin-6 signaling through inter-organ crosstalk

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3836-3846页

作者： Melissa M.Clemens Stefanie Kennon-McGill Joel H.Vazquez Owen W.Stephens Erich A.Peterson Donald J.Johann Felicia D.Allard Eric U.Yee Sandra SMcCullough Laura P.james brian N.Finck mitchell R.McGill Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Graduate SchoolUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Fay W.Boozman College of Public HealthUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Winthrop P.Rockefeller Cancer Institute University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Pediatrics College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR2205USA Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Center for Dietary Supplement Research University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA

We previously demonstrated that endogenous phosphatidic acid(PA)promotes liver regeneration after acetaminophen(APAP)***,we hypothesized that exogenous PA is also *** test that,we treated mice with a toxic APAP dose at 0 h,followed by PA or vehicle(Veh)*** then collected blood and liver at 6,24,and 52 ***-treatment with PA 2 h after APAP protected against liver injury at 6 h,and the combination of PA and N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)reduced injury more than NAC ***,PA did not affect canonical mechanisms of APAP ***,transcriptomics revealed that PA activated interleukin-6(IL-6)signaling in the *** with that,serum IL-6 and hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3)phosphorylation increased in PA-treated ***,PA failed to protect against APAP in IL-6-deficient ***,IL-6 expression increased 18-fold in adipose tissue after PA,indicating that adipose is a source of PA-induced circulating ***,however,exogenous PA did not alter regeneration,despite the importance of endogenous PA in liver repair,possibly due to its short *** data demonstrate that exogenous PA is also beneficial in APAP toxicity and reinforce the protective effects of IL-6 in this model.

关键词： Acute liver injury Acute liver failure Adipokine Cytokine Dietary supplement Drug-induced liver injury Hepatotoxicity Lipid

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