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What Do Seedlings Like? The Relationship between Seedling Richness and Abundance with Abiotic Factors

Agricultural Sciences 2023年第6期14卷 767-774页

作者： Johnatan jair de Paula Marchiori Vinicius de Souza Oliveira Eduarda Carriço Ana Clara Bayer Bernabé Anderson Mathias Holtz Ronilda Lana Aguiar Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer Gilcéa Teixeira Fontana Boone Ricardo Amaro de Sales Lusiane de Sousa Ferreira department of Environmental Sciences/Phytotechnics department Federal University Rural of Rio de Janeiro-Seropédica Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo Alegre Espírito Santo Brazil Laboratory of Entomology and Acarology Federal Institute of Espírito Santo Campus Itapina Colatina Espírito Santo Brazil Agriculture department State University Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Botucatu S&#227o Paulo Brazil

Natural regeneration is the interaction of natural processes to restore the forest ecosystem. Its dynamics are influenced by the intensity and extent of a series of abiotic and biotic factors, which may be intrinsic or extrinsic. Knowing the importance of establishing natural regeneration within forest ecosystems, this work aimed to evaluate whether litter depth and trail distance influenced seedling abundance and richness in a forest fragment undergoing natural restoration. The hypothesis tested in this research was that abiotic factors influence the natural regeneration of this forest since they are factors that are directly linked to seed germination and seedling establishment. 30 plots of 1 m2 were randomly analyzed within the forest located on the brown trail. A millimeter ruler was used to diagnose the litter depth and a measuring tape to measure the distance from the plot to the edge. In each plot the seedlings were morpho-specified and each morphospecies had the number of individuals counted. Linear regression tests were performed to assess the relationships between species richness and trail distance and litter depth. The same was done for species abundance. All results showed that there is no relationship pattern between any of the variables. Other factors also influence the regeneration of a forest, such as luminosity and seed bank. Furthermore, litter depth is related to the successional stage of the forest. It was concluded that the abiotic factors tested do not influence the regeneration of the study area.

关键词： Abiotic Factors Natural Regeneration Forest Ecosystem

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Flying in Complex Environments: Can Insects Bind Multiple Sensory Perceptions and What Could Be the Lessons for Machine Vision?

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第5期7卷 406-412页

作者： Adrian G. Dyer Sridhar Ravi jair E. Garcia department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Ambridge USA School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Australia

The possibility of having flying machines in complex natural environments presents many exciting possibilities, but also technical challenges. Insects often rely on visual cues for flight and decision making, and recent work suggests that the perception of wind force through tactile sensory inputs also provides important information for flight control. However, the extent to which these respective cues might potentially be bound together in the brain to enable accurate decisions remains untested. Here we discuss recent evidence that the brain of insects possesses mechanisms that may allow for the binding of complex multisensory information, and we propose an experiment that could dissect whether insects like bees may have such a capacity. We additionally discuss areas of the bee brain that might facilitate decision making in order to provide a road map forward for future work on understanding the mechanisms of flying in complex natural environments.

关键词： Wind decision-Making UAV Brain Perception Color

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Where Are the Bromeliads? A Study on Different Trails in the Ecological Reserve of Guapiaçu, RJ

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第2期14卷 196-201页

作者： Johnatan jair de Paula Marchiori Vinicius de Souza Oliveira Gilcéa Teixeira Fontana Boone Luan Luciano dos Santos Pereira Natália Cristina Barbosa Moura Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer Anderson Mathias Holtz Lusiane de Sousa Ferreira Raquel Cetto Sampaio Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brazil Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo Alegre Brazil Campus Itapina Federal Institute of Espírito Santo Colatina Brazil State University Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Botucatu Brazil

Bromeliaceae are important in ecological restoration, showing easy adaptation to different environments, and constantly interacting with each other through ecological relationships, whose effects may or may not benefit the species involved. The hypothesis tested whether the population density of Hohenbergia augusta is higher in areas at a more advanced successional stage (brown trail), since the species is typical of more structured forest environments, occurring especially in the lower strata of the forest. Six plots of 10 meters (6 × 10 m) were installed, parallel to the brown and yellow trails, and with a distance of 5 m from the edge. Plots were allocated alternately between the two sides of the trail, 10 meters apart from each other when on the same side. In each plot, all H. augusta (Vell.) E. Morren bromeliads were sampled, without a minimum inclusion criterion, provided they were epiphytic phorophytes. The logarithm of the value was used for data normalization and later, the data were tested in a student’s t-test. The study pointed out that the highest population density of H. augusta occurred in the brown trail because the area is in a more advanced successional stage.

关键词： Bromeliads Atlantic Forest Ecological Restoration

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Each Epiphyte on Its Branch: A Comparative Study between Different Phorophytes

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第5期14卷 636-644页

作者： Johnatan jair de Paula Marchiori Vinicius de Souza Oliveira Eduarda Carriço Ana Clara Bayer Bernabé Anderson Mathias Holtz Ronilda Lana Aguiar Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer Gilcéa Teixeira Fontana Boone Lusiane de Sousa Ferreira Bruna de Oliveira Magnani Federal University Rural of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brazil Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo Alegre Brazil Federal Institute of Espírito Santo Campus Itapina Colatina Brazil State University Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Botucatu Brazil

Epiphytes are plants that use the mechanical support provided by a host tree, called phorophytes, without emitting haustorial structures. Constituting an important component of the flora, playing an important role in the maintenance of ecosystems, such as water and nutrient cycling, in addition to providing resources, sometimes unique, such as food and shelter, for the canopy fauna. However, the epiphytic flora may show high beta diversity, even when compared with different phorophytes, possibly as a response to the dendromorphological characteristics of the phorophyte. Thus, this work aims to: 1) compare whether the species richness of epiphytes differs in trees with different morphological characteristics, and 2) compare species composition among three tree species. For this, 10 individuals of three tree species were selected: Guaria guidonia, Ficus sp., and Roystonea oleracea. In each individual, the number of species (richness) of vascular epiphytes was recorded and obtained from the species composition. To test differences in richness values between the three trees, we used analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. To understand whether the epiphyte community formed separate groups according to the tree species used, we used the available non-metric multidimensional scaling method (NMDS). Thirty-four species of epiphytes were found in the 30 phorophytes surveyed. The three tree species showed significantly different richness, with the highest found in Guarea guidonea and the lowest in Roystonea oleraceae. The NMDS showed that epiphytes group the three tree species into distinct groups, although Ficus sp individuals present a transitional community between the two other species. Thus, the results suggest that the differences in the richness and composition of the epiphytic flora of the different phorophytes are influenced by their distinct morphological characteristics.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Ecological Reserve Tree Species

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Plant Composition of Skuas Nests at Hennequin Point, King George Island, Antarctica

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 688-692页

作者： Margéli Pereira de Albuquerque Filipe de Carvalho Victoria Adriano Luís Schünemann jair Putzke Ricardo José Gunski Suzana Seibert Maria Virginia Petry Antonio Batista Pereira Federal University of Pampa Campus Sao GabrielRio Grande do SulBrazil National Institute of Science and Technology Ant-arctic for Environmental Research Sao GabrielBrazil University of Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Cruz do SulBrazi University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos Sao LeopoldoBrazil

We investigate the plant composition in the Skuas nest at Hennequin Point, located in the Admiralty Bay Area, King George Island, Antarctica. Sample of 61 activity nests were analyzed. 21 plant and lichenized fungi species were found in the nest composition, being the mosses Sanioniauncinata (Hedw.) Loeske and Polytrichastrumalpinum (Hedw) G. S. Smith the most frequent species found in the Skuas nests. Usneaantarctica Du Rietz was the most frequent lichen and the grass deschampsiaantarctica desv was the most frequent flowering plant found in the nests. These results contribute for the environmental menagement of the Admiralty Bay area research activities.

关键词： Plant Communities Sea Bird Nests Mosses Lichen

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Palm Red Mite Management with Soursop Seed Plant Residue Extracts

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第4期14卷 541-552页

作者： Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer Evellyn Zuqui Bolsoni Isabella Merlo Fornaciari Anderson Mathias Holtz Johnatan jair de Paula Marchiori Jose Romário de Carvalho Ronilda Lana Aguiar Patrícia Soares Furno Fontes Bruna de Oliveira Magnani Campus Itapina Federal Institute of Espírito Santo Colatina Brazil Campus Seropédica Federal University Rural of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brazil Secretary of State for Education of Espírito Santo Gua&#231uí Brazil

Raoiella indica Hirst, 1924 (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae), is one of the leading pest mites in palm and banana trees, however, there are few control methods available for this pest species. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the acaricidal effect of soursop seed extract (Annona muricata L.) on R. indica adults. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using soursop seed extract with 7 replicates and 12 individuals of R. indica per replicate. The experimental units consisted of discs of coconut palm leaves (4 cm in diameter), with cotton moistened at the bottom of the Petri dish (10.0 × 1.2 cm) and around the disc to maintain turgor and prevent mites from escaping. The application was performed using an airbrush, connected to a calibrated compressor with a constant pressure of 1.3 psi and 1 mL of solution per repeat plate. The acaricidal effect was evaluated 24, 48, and 72 hours after spraying. Mortality data were corrected and submitted to Probit analysis (p ≤ 0.05) using the statistical program R, with the LC50 and LC90 calculated for the extract. At the maximum concentration (15%), the soursop seed extract showed mortality of 70% of individuals of R. indica, and the LC50 was 6.58%. It was concluded that the soursop seed extract showed acaricidal potential on R. indica in the laboratory.

关键词： Annona muricata Raoiella indica Alternative Control Agro-Industrial Residue

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Smoking and Serum Lipid Profiles in Schizophrenia

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2016年第4期32卷 383-388页

作者： Hui-Mei An Yun-Long Tan Shu-ping Tan Jing Shi Zhi-Ren Wang Fu-de Yang Xu-Feng Huang jair C.Soars Thomas R.Kosten Xiang-Yang Zhang Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital Peking University Centre for Translational Neuroscience School of MedicineIllawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteUniversity of Wollongong department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine

Schizophrenia is associated with a high preva- lence of cigarette-smoking and abnormal lipid profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the profiles differ between schizophrenic smokers and non-smokers and whether the lipid profiles are related to psychopathological symptoms. Serum lipid profiles were measured in 130 male inpatients with DSM-IV-defined schizophrenia： 104 smokers and 26 non-smokers. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）. Our results showed that positive PANSS symp- toms were fewer in smokers than in non-smokers, while the negative symptoms were fewer in those who smoked more cigarettes. Total protein and globulin levels were significantly lower in the smokers than in the non-smokers. However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein choles terol （HDL-c）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, or apolipoprotein B between the smokers and non-smokers. However, the PANSS positive subscale had a significant negative correlation with the HDL-c levels （a protective factor） in the smokers but not in the non-smokers. Our findings suggest that schizophrenic patients who smoke have fewer psychotic symptoms, but contrary to expectation, smoking does not alter lipid profile levels.

关键词： Schizophrenia Nicotine Cigarettesmoking Lipid profiles Symptoms

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The Mechanism of Formation of Glass-Ionomer Cement: A Theoretical Study

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2013年第4期3卷 149-154页

作者： jair Gaviria Claudia G. García Ederley Vélez jairo Quijano departamento de Ciencias Básicas Universidad de Medellín Medellín Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Colombia

A resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) was studied from a computational point of view. We suggest terpolymer formation by reaction of fixation through a combination of acrylic acid (AA), itaconic acid (IA) and an aminoacid derivative (AAD) in different positions. We found that AAD-AA-IA is thermodynamically more stable, but AA-IA-AAD is the combination which can react with glycidyl methacrylate (GM) to form a grafted polymer with two pendant methacrylate groups which can be used later in the process of light-curing. A RMGIC contains a glass powder of calcium-fluoroaluminosilicate acting as the source of cross linking, and for this reason, we have optimized two intramolecular Al3+ tricarboxylate complexes (salt-bridges) formed from the most stable grafted polymers. A possible reaction mechanism for the addition of (GM) to copolymer is proposed.

关键词： dental Cements Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Cement Glycidyl Methacrylate Amino Acid derivatives density Functional Theory

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Cutaneous Vasculitis with Renal Impairment in Octogenarian

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第6期5卷 37-45页

作者： Thiago Sande Miguel Bruna Sande Miguel Vinicius Sande Miguel jair Baptista Miguel Sebastiao Celio Horta Coelho Filho Nayrton Kalys Cruz dos Anjos Livia Cristina de Melo Pino Paola Stephanie Azevedo de Sa Vitor Araujo Goulart Daniel Almeida da Costa The Medical School at the Center of Higher Education of Valenca ValencaBrazil Unigranrio Medical School Rio de JaneiroBrazil The Medical School at the Center of Higher Education of Valenca ValencaBrazil

Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a vasculitis of small vessels, characterized by tissue deposition of IgA, affecting predominantly the skin, intestine, joints and kidneys. It mainly affects the pediatric age group, especially from 2 to 11 years old. Most often, it is preceded by episode of upper airway infection from days to weeks. The most common clinical manifestations are purpuric cutaneous lesions located in the lower limbs and buttocks, abdominal pain in colic, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, in addition to arthralgia/arthritis, usually with spontaneous resolution. Renal impairment usually manifests with hematuria and proteinuria, and renal function may also be impaired. The case described refers to a female patient, 86 years old, with a previous history of infection of the upper airways, followed by purpura in the lower limbs and renal impairment: serum creatinine 3.1 mg/dL (N 0.5 - 1.2 mg/dL);glomerular filtration rate 15 ml/min (N > 60 ml/min);urea 118 mg/dL (N önlein purpura in an atypical age group, with significant renal impairment, improvement only with conservative treatment, thus avoiding the use of immunosuppressants and the risks of immunosuppression and toxicity related to such drugs.

关键词： Purple Henoch-Schonlein Vasculitis Renal Elderly Case Report

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Optimal Adjustment Algorithm for <i>p</i>Coordinates and The Starting Point in Interior Point Methods

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American Journal of Operations Research 2011年第4期1卷 191-202页

作者： Carla T. L. S. Ghidini Aurelio R. L. Oliveira jair Silva 不详

Optimal adjustment algorithm for p coordinates is a generalization of the optimal pair adjustment algorithm for linear programming, which in turn is based on von Neumann’s algorithm. Its main advantages are simplicity and quick progress in the early iterations. In this work, to accelerate the convergence of the interior point method, few iterations of this generalized algorithm are applied to the Mehrotra’s heuristic, which determines the starting point for the interior point method in the PCx software. Computational experiments in a set of linear programming problems have shown that this approach reduces the total number of iterations and the running time for many of them, including large-scale ones.

关键词： Von Neumann’s Algorithm Mehrotra’s Heuristic Interior Point Methods Linear Programming

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