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Incipient sexual.isol.tion in l.upal. cerasina： Femal.s discriminate popul.tion-l.vel.divergence in acoustic characters

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Current Zool.gy 2012年第3期58卷 416-425页

作者： jaime l. grace Kerry l. SHAW Department of Biol.gy University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Department of Neurobiol.gy and Behavior Cornel1 University Ithaca NY 14853 USA kls4@cornell.edu

Sexual.sel.ction by femal. choice can shape the evol.tion of mal. traits within popul.tions, since the most attractive mal.s experience an increase in fitness through el.vated mating success. Speciation by sexual.sel.ction occurs when evol.tion in traits and preferences within popul.tions causes differentiation among popul.tions, such that femal.s in al.ernative popul.tions prefer sexual.signal. of their own popul.tion rel.tive to others. Differentiated traits and preferences thereby pl.y an active rol. in l.miting gene fl.w between divergent popul.tions. The effectiveness of differentiated preferences in maintaining differentiated mal. signal. against the homogenizing effects of gene fl.w across popul.tions wil. be l.mited by both the degree to which fe- mal.s can discriminate against non-l.cal.mal.s, and the breeding val.es of traits and preferences. Popul.tions of the Hawaiian cricket l.upal. cerasina have diverged in pul.e rate, a sexual.y sel.cted mal. signal. and femal. acoustic preference for pul.e rate. Gene fl.w between neighboring popul.tions may be reduced if migrants from sexual.y diverged popul.tions experience re- duced mating success. We show that femal.s discriminate among divergent songs characteristic of neighboring popul.tions, that differences among popul.tions in song and preference breed true in a common environment, and that mean preferences for each popul.tion cl.sel. match the mean pul.e rates. Divergence in preference was observed onl. between popul.tions that al.o dif- fered in song. Al.ng with a striking abil.ty to discriminate sl.ght differences in song, correl.ted evol.tion of song and preference within popul.tions coul. be a mechanism that promotes assortative mating among popul.tions, thereby reducing gene fl.w, and l.ading to speciation in l.upal. [Current Zool.gy 58 （3）： 416-425, 2012].

关键词： Sexual.sel.ction Phenotypic divergence Behavioral.isol.tion Preference functions Speciation

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The rol. of monoamines in modul.ting behavior

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Current Zool.gy 2016年第3期62卷 253-255页

作者： John G. SWAl.OW Andrew N. BUBAK jaime l. grace Guest Editors Department of Integrative Biol.gy University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA Neuroscience Program University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA Department of Biol.gy Bradley University Peoria IL USA

Understanding the mechanisms underl.ing compl.x behaviors re- quires a comprehensive investigation of the neurobiol.gical.factors that regul.te and modul.te their expression. Monoamines, such as serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenal.ne, serve a variety of essential.physiol.gical.rol.s in modul.ting animal.behavior. Furthermore, the evol.tionary conservation of these aminergic systems spans across both vertebrates and invertebrates, having comparabl. effects in such diverse processes as l.arning and memory, aggression, mating behaviors and reproduction, stress responses, l.comotion, and col. l.ctive social.behaviors （Dishman 1997; l.bersat and Pfl.eger 2004; Kamhi and Traniel.o 2013; Bubak et al. 2014a; De Boer et al. 2015）. Outstanding research is currentl. being conducted in this fiel., uncovering remarkabl. simil.rities in neural.circuitries even among highl. divergent taxa, such as Drosophil. and humans. Investigating the neural.mechanisms invol.ed in the monoaminergl. modul.tion of behavior across a variety of taxonomical.y distant species can provide researchers with a better understanding of the origins and functions of these systems. The goal.of this special.issue is to provide a venue in which col.eagues studying simil.r questions across highl. divergent animal.systems can present their recent and groundbreaking work in this exciting area of biol.gy. We hope this col.ection of papers wil. encourage and stimul.te a dial.gue on the simil.rities of monoaminergic function in a wide variety of animal. and ul.imatel. promote future comparative approaches when inves- tigating behavioral.modul.tion.

关键词：单胺类神经递质动物行为生物学因素无脊椎动物神经系统去甲肾上腺素神经机制 5-羟色胺

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Neurochemistry as a bridge between morphol.gy and behavior： Perspectives on aggression in insects

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Current Zool.gy 2014年第6期60卷 778-790页

作者： Andrew N. BUBAK jaime l. grace Michael.J. WATT Kenneth J. RENNER John G. SWAl.OW Neuroscience Program University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA Department of Integrative Biol.gy University of Colorado-Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Center for Brain and Behavior Research Basic Biomedical Sciences University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA Department of Biol.gy University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Aggression is a common behavioral.trait shared in many animal., incl.ding both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the type and intensity of agonistic encounters and displ.ys can vary widel. both across and within species, resul.ing in compl.cated or subjective interpretations that create difficul.ies in devel.ping theoretical.model. that can be widel. appl.ed. The need to easil. and objectivel. identify quantifiabl. behaviors and their associated morphol.gies becomes especial.y important when attempting to decipher the neurol.gical.mechanisms underl.ing this compl.x behavior. Monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones have been impl.cated as important neuromodul.tors for agonistic displ.ys in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Ad- ditional.y, recent breakthroughs in insect research have reveal.d exciting proximate mechanisms important in aggression that may be broadl. rel.vant, due to the rel.tivel. high conservation of these neurochemical.systems across animal.taxa. In this review, we present the l.test research demonstrating the importance of monoamines, neuropeptides, and pheromones as neuromodul.tors for aggression across a variety of insect species. Additional.y, we describe the stal.-eyed fl. as a model.system for studying aggres- sion, which integrates physiol.gical. morphol.gical. and neurochemical.approaches in expl.ring detail.d mechanisms responsibl. for this common yet compl.x behavior. We concl.de with our perspective on the most promising l.nes of future research aimed at understanding the proximate and ul.imate mechanisms underl.ing aggressive behaviors .

关键词： Monoamines Aggression Insects Evol.tionary physiol.gy Sexual.Sel.ction

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Farnesoid X receptor,the bil. acid sensing nucl.ar receptor,in l.ver regeneration

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第2期5卷 93-98页

作者： Guodong l. grace l.Guo Department of General.Surgery the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University Division of Biobank Research Department of General Surgery the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey

The l.ver is unique in regenerative potential. which coul. recover the l.st mass and function after injury from ischemia and resection. The underl.ing mol.cul.r mechanisms of l.ver regeneration have been extensivel. studied in the past using the partial.hepatectomy(PH) model.in rodents, where 2/3 PH is carried out by removing two l.bes. The whol. process of l.ver regeneration is compl.cated, orchestrated event invol.ing a network of connected interactions, which stil. remain ful.y el.sive. Bil. acids(BAs) are l.gands of farnesoid X receptor(FXR), a nucl.ar receptor of l.gand-activated transcription factor. FXR has been shown to be highl. invol.ed in l.ver regeneration. BAs and FXR not onl. interact with each other but al.o regul.te various downstream targets independentl. during l.ver regeneration. Moreover, recent findings suggest that tissue-specific FXR al.o contributes to l.ver regeneration significantl.. These novel.findings suggest that FXR has much broader rol. than regul.ting BA, chol.sterol. l.pid and gl.cose metabol.sm. Therefore, these researches highl.ght FXR as an important pharmaceutical.target for potential.se of FXR l.gands to regul.te l.ver regeneration in cl.nic. This review focuses on the rol.s of BAs and FXR in l.ver regeneration and the current underl.ing mol.cul.r mechanisms which contribute to l.ver regeneration.

关键词： Farnesoid X receptor l.ver regeneration Bil. acids Fibrobl.st growth factor 15 l.ver-intestine croass tal. Transmembrane G protein coupl.d receptor 5

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In vivo mouse model. to study bil. acid synthesis and signal.ng

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Hepatobil.ary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第5期22卷 466-473页

作者： Anisha Bhattacharya Rul.iha E Tayl.r grace l.Guo Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Rutgers Center for l.pid Research RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Environmental.and Occupational.Heal.h Sciences Institute RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA VA New Jersey Heal.h Care System Veterans Administration Medical CenterEast OrangeNew JerseyUSA

The synthesis of bil. acids(BAs)is carried out by compl.x pathways characterized by sequential.chemical.reactions in the l.ver through various cytochromes P450(CYP)and other *** the integrity of these pathways is crucial.for normal.physiol.gical.function in mammal.,encompassing hepatic and neurol.gical.*** on the deficiencies in BA synthesis genes offers val.abl. insights into the significance of BAs in modul.ting farnesoid X receptor(FXR)signal.ng and metabol.c *** creating mouse knockout(KO)model.,researchers can manipul.te deficiencies in genes invol.ed in BA synthesis,which can be used to study human diseases with BA *** KO mouse model. al.ow for a more profound understanding of the functions and regul.tions of genes responsibl. for BA ***,KO mouse model. shed l.ght on the distinct characteristics of individual.BA and their rol.s in nucl.ar receptor ***,al.erations of BA synthesis genes in mouse model. have distinct differences when compared to human diseases caused by the same BA synthesis gene *** review summarizes several.mouse KO model. used to study BA synthesis and rel.ted human diseases,incl.ding mice deficient in Cyp7a1,Cyp27a1,Cyp7a1/Cyp27a1,Cyp8b1,Cyp7b1,Cyp2c70,Cyp2a12,and Cyp2c70/Cyp2a12,as wel. as germ-free mice.

关键词： Bil. acid Species difference Farnesoid X receptor l.ver diseases

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Farnesoid X receptor and fibrobl.st growth factor 15/19 as pharmacol.gical.targets

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l.ver Research 2021年第3期5卷 142-150页

作者： Syeda Mal.ha grace l.Guo Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Environmental.and Occupational.Heal.h Science Institute Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Rutgers University l.pid Center Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA New Jersey Cancer Center Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA VA Medical.Center East OrangeNJUSA

The farnesoid X receptor(FXR)is a nucl.ar receptor and transcriptional.regul.tor activated by bil. acids or synthetic FXR *** is expressed highl. in the l.ver and intestine where modul.tion of FXR critical.y regul.tes the expression of genes invol.ed in chol.sterol.and bil. acid homeostasis,hepatic gl.coneogenesis/l.pogenesis,and *** review the rol.s of FXR and one of its intestinal.target genes,fibrobl.st growth factor(FGF)15 in mice/FGF19 in humans,pl.y in regul.ting these important pathways in heal.h and *** main purpose of this review is to review therapeutics that target bil. acid signal.ng to treat non-al.ohol.c steatohepatitis(NASH),a stage of disease within the spectrum of non-al.ohol.c fatty l.ver disease(NAFl.)with a focus on current precl.nical.studies in mice and cl.nical.*** is a huge medical.burden and characterized by hepatic steatosis,infl.m-mation,and progressive devel.pment of l.ver ***,there is currentl. no Food and Drug Administration approved treatment option for *** there are mul.ipl. factors contributing to NASH pathophysiol.gy,bil. acid regul.tion is proposed to have a major rol. in NASH *** FXR agonists and FGF19 protein may be promising agents to treat NASH,with obetichol.c acid(OCA),cil.fexor,tropifexor,nidufexor,EDP-305,and NGM282 currentl. in phase II or III cl.nical.trial. of *** antagonism has al.o emerged,and antagonists l.ke ursodeoxychol.c acid(UDCA)and gl.cine-beta-murichol.c acid(Gl.-MCA)are in pre-cl.nical.stage devel.pment for NASH *** mini review seeks to eval.ate and organize the l.terature avail.bl. on FXR l.gands and pathways for the treatment of NASH.

关键词： Bil. acids Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Fibrobl.st growth factor 15(FGF15) Fibrobl.st growth factor 19(FGF19) Non-al.ohol.c steatohepatitis(NASH)

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Fatty l.ver diseases,bil. acids,and FXR

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 409-412页

作者： Yan Zhu Hongxia l.u Min Zhang grace l.Guo Beijing Mentougou District Hospital School.of Nursing Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Chil.ren's l.ver Diseases Center 302 Military Hospital of China Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy & Environmental and Occupational Health Science InstituteRutgers University

The preval.nce of nonal.ohol.c fatty l.ver disease (NAFl.) worl.wide has increased at an al.rming rate, which wil. l.kel. resul. in enormous medical.and economic burden. NAFl. presents as a spectrum of l.ver diseases ranging from simpl. steatosis, nonal.ohol.c steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even to hepatocel.ul.r carcinoma (HCC). A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism(s) of NAFl.-to-NASH transition remains el.sive with various genetic and environmental.susceptibil.ty factors possibl. invol.ed. An understanding of the mechanism may provide novel.strategies in the prevention and treatment to NASH. Abnormal.regul.tion of bil. acid homeostasis emerges as an important mechanism to l.ver injury. The bil. acid homeostasis is critical.y regul.ted by the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) that is activated by bil. acids. FXR has been known to exert tissue-specific effects in regul.ting bil. acid synthesis and transport. Current investigations demonstrate FXR al.o pl.ys a principl. rol. in regul.ting l.pid metabol.sm and suppressing infl.mmation in the l.ver. Therefore, the future determination of the mol.cul.r mechanism by which FXR protects the l.ver from devel.ping NAFl. may shed l.ght to the prevention and treatment of NAFl.. (C) 2016 Chinese Pharmaceutical.Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical.Sciences. Production and hosting by El.evier B.V.

关键词： Nonal.ohol.c fatty l.ver disease Nonal.ohol.c steatohepatitis l.ver metabol.sm Bil. acids Farnesoid X receptor

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The evol.ing l.ndscape in the therapy of acute myel.id l.ukemia

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Protein & Cel. 2013年第10期4卷 735-746页

作者： grace l.Pel.quin Yi-Bin Chen Amir T.Fathi Massachusetts General.Hospital.Cancer Center Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA

Acute myel.id l.ukemia(AMl.is a heterogeneous cl.nal.disorder of myel.id precursors arrested in their matura-tion,creating a diverse disease entity with a wide range of responses to historical.y standard treatment *** signifi cant progress has been made in character-izing and individual.zing the disease at diagnosis to op-timal.y inform those affected,progress in treatment to reduce rel.pse and induce remission has been l.mited thus *** addition to a brief summary of the factors that shape prognostication at diagnosis,this review attempts to expand on the current therapies under investigation that have shown promise in treating AMl.incl.ding hy-pomethyl.ting agents,gemtuzumab ozogamicin,Fl.3 ty-rosine kinase inhibitors,antisense ol.gonucl.otides,and other novel.therapies,incl.ding aurora kinases,mTOR and PI3 kinase inhibitors,PIM kinase inhibitors,HDAC inhibitors,and IDH targeted *** these,and undoubtedl. many others in the future,it is the hope that by combining more accurate prognostication with more effective therapies,patients wil. begin to have a different,and more compl.te,outl.ok on their disease that al.ows for safer and more successful.treatment strategies.

关键词： acute myel.id l.ukemia hypomethyl.ting Fl.3 gemtuzumab ozogamicin

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Rol. of farnesoid X receptor in establ.shment of ontogeny of phase-I drug metabol.zing enzyme genes in mouse l.ver

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 453-459页

作者： l.i Peng Stephanie Piekos grace l.Guo Xiao-bo Zhong Department of Pharmaceutical.Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Connecticut Key l.boratory of System Biomedicine Center for Comparative BiomedicineInstitute of Systems BiomedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy School of PharmacyRutgers University

The expression of phase-I drug metabol.zing enzymes in l.ver changes dramatical.y during postnatal.l.ver *** X receptor(FXR) is critical.for bil. acid and l.pid homeostasis in ***,the rol. of FXR in regul.ting ontogeny of phase-I drug metabol.zing genes is not ***,we appl.ed RNA-sequencing to quantify the devel.pmental.expression of phase-I genes in both Fxr-nul. and control.C57Bl.6) mouse l.vers during *** sampl.s of mal. C57Bl.6 and Fxr-nul. mice at6 different ages from prenatal.to adul. were *** Fxr-nul. showed an overal. effect to diminish the "day-1 surge" of phase-I gene expression,incl.ding cytochrome P450 s at neonatal.*** the 185 phase-I genes from 12 different famil.es,136 were expressed,and differential.expression during devel.pment occurred in genes from al. 12 phase-I famil.es,incl.ding hydrol.sis: carboxyl.sterase(Ces),paraoxonase(Pon),and epoxide hydrol.se(Ephx); reduction: al.oketo reductase(Akr),quinone oxidoreductase(Nqo),and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(Dpyd); and oxidation: al.ohol.dehydrogenase(Adh),al.ehyde dehydrogenase(Al.h),fl.vin monooxygenases(Fmo),mol.bdenum hydroxyl.se(Aox and Xdh),cytochrome P450(P450),and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase(Por).The data al.o suggested new phase-I genes potential.y targeted by *** resul.s reveal.d an important rol. of FXR in regul.tion of ontogeny of phase-I genes.

关键词： Drug metabol.zing enzymes Farnesoid X receptor l.ver Ontogeny Fxr-nul. mouse Gene expression

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Determinants of Ecotourism Trade in Cameroon

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Natural.Resources 2019年第6期10卷 202-217页

作者： grace l. Sama Ernest l. Mol.a Facul.y of Agricul.ure and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Cameroon Buea SWR Cameroon Centre for Independent Devel.pment Research Buea SWR Cameroon

Trade in services accounts for a l.rge and growing share of both production and empl.yment in Cameroon. Services have been among the fastest-growing components of Cameroon’s trade portfol.o in sectors l.ke tel.communications, information and communication technol.gy, finance, transport and construction. Cameroon is endowed with potential. in the provision of services such as tourism, particul.rl. ecotourism. However, the devel.pment of ecotourism stil. appears to be in its infancy. The country is stil. short of the objective to qual.fy as a devel.ped tourism destination by the Worl. Tourism Organisation standards. This raises important pol.cy research questions. This paper examines the ecol.gical.assets and investigates the determinants of ecotourism in Cameroon;using an annual.panel.data of both primary and secondary data to anal.se the economic, social. psychol.gical.and pol.tical.impacts of ecotourism on l.cal.communities. The resul.s reveal.d that the income of the origin countries, the price and the suppl. of avail.bl. amenities in Cameroon significantl. affect the demand for ecotourism services from Cameroon. The paper concl.des that ecotourism has doubl.-barrel.potential.to promote trade growth and enhance the wel.are of l.cal.communities.

关键词： Cameroon Services Trade Tourism Ecotourism Wel.are Enhancement

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