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A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.Herrmann David R.jacobs jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. jacobs jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since *** replaced estimated METs with measured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older *** added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major ***:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health *** new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

非慢性肾脏病者纵向血压变化与肾功能下降的关系:多种族动脉粥样硬化研究的结果

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中华高血压杂志 2019年第1期27卷 98-98页

作者： Judson GL Rubinsky AD Shlipak MG Katz R Kramer H jacobs dr jr Odden MC Peralta CA 陈云叶鹏

虽然血压的变化与心血管事件独立相关,但对于估算的肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)>60mL/(min·1.73m2)的成年人血压变化与随后肾功能改变的关系知之甚少。方法:本研究包括参加多种族动脉粥样硬化研究(multi-... 详细信息

虽然血压的变化与心血管事件独立相关,但对于估算的肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)>60mL/(min·1.73m2)的成年人血压变化与随后肾功能改变的关系知之甚少。方法:本研究包括参加多种族动脉粥样硬化研究(multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis,MESA)的参与者3920人,在MESA的前5年进行≥2次血压测量,并在第5年和第10年进行eGFR测量。

关键词：肾功能下降血压变化动脉粥样硬化

Report for Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation in No-Data Problem

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第1期15卷 46-50页

作者： Houju Hori jr. Kazuhisa Takemura Yukio Matsumoto Nara Cmmunity Tsubakikishi Shrine Nara Japan Department of Psychology Waseda University Tokyo Japan The Institute of Mathematical Statistics Tachikawa Japan

It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, where two states of nature are existing upon us. Any system is regarded as the two-dimensional variable error model. On the other hand, we consider that the fuzziness is existing in this system. Though we can usually obtain the fuzzy number from the possibility theory, it is not fuzzy but possibility, because the possibility function is as same as the likelihood function, and we can obtain the possibility measure by the maximal likelihood method (i.e. max product method proposed by dr. Hideo Tanaka). Therefore, Fuzzy is regarded as the only one case according to Vague, which has both some state of nature in this world and another state of nature in the other world. Here, we can consider that Type 1 Vague Event in other world can be obtained by mapping and translating from Type 1 fuzzy Event in this world. We named this estimation as Type 1 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. When the Vague Events were abnormal (ex. under War), we need to consider that another world could exist around other world. In this case, we call it Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. Where Hori et al. constructed the stochastic different equation upon Type 1 Vague Events, along with the general following probabilistic introduction method from the single regression model, multi-regression model, AR model, Markov (decision) process, to the stochastic different equation. Furthermore, we showed that the system theory approach is Possibility Markov Process, and that the making decision approach is Sequential Bayes Estimation, too. After all, Type 1 Bays-Fuzzy estimation is the special case in Bayes estimation, because the pareto solutions can exist in two stochastic different equations upon Type 2 Vague Events, after we ignore one equation each other (note that this is Type 1 case), we can obtain both its

关键词： Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation Possibility Markov Process Possibility Reserved Judgement

体力活动和有氧锻炼与高血压发生发展的联合相关性:年轻人冠状动脉风险的发展

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中华高血压杂志 2010年第10期18卷 954-954页

作者：张玲玉叶鹏 Carnethon MR Evans NS Church TS Lewis CE Schreiner PJ jacobs dr jr Sternfeld B Sidney S

锻炼和体力活动各自与高血压的发展呈负相关。在受试对象4618例中,研究者检验锻炼和体力活动是否与该人群中20年高血压发病率呈独立相关。受试对象的高血压定义为收缩压≥140mmHg,或者舒张压≥90mmHg,或者自述正在或曾经服用降压药物。... 详细信息

锻炼和体力活动各自与高血压的发展呈负相关。在受试对象4618例中,研究者检验锻炼和体力活动是否与该人群中20年高血压发病率呈独立相关。受试对象的高血压定义为收缩压≥140mmHg,或者舒张压≥90mmHg,或者自述正在或曾经服用降压药物。[第一段]

关键词：有氧锻炼体力活动高血压冠状动脉相关性风险年轻生发

脉搏波反射幅度对死亡率的预测作用:动脉粥样硬化多种族研究

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中华高血压杂志 2014年第11期22卷 1042-1042页

作者：刘莉叶鹏 Zamani P jacobs dr jr Segers P Duprez DA Brumback L Kronmal RA Lilly SM Townsend RR Budoff M Lima JA Hannan P Chirinos JA

研究表明,纯亚裔人群中脉搏波反射与死亡率相关。但是,多种族人群中是否存在这样的关系,以及其是否独立于亚临床动脉粥样硬化,尚未确定。该研究人员假设,以社区为基础的多种族成人样本中,脉搏波反射幅度（定义为后向波振幅Pb与前向波振... 详细信息

研究表明,纯亚裔人群中脉搏波反射与死亡率相关。但是,多种族人群中是否存在这样的关系,以及其是否独立于亚临床动脉粥样硬化,尚未确定。该研究人员假设,以社区为基础的多种族成人样本中,脉搏波反射幅度（定义为后向波振幅Pb与前向波振幅Pf的比值）与全因死亡率相关。方法与结果：纳入多种族动脉粥样硬化研究中,行动脉张力波形分析的5984名受试者作为研究对象。

关键词：亚临床动脉粥样硬化全因死亡率种族人群波反射预测作用脉搏社区为基础研究人员

青年人的夜间血压和中年时认知功能的关系:青年人的冠状动脉风险发展研究

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中华高血压杂志 2016年第4期24卷 398-398页

作者： Yano Y Ning H Muntner P Reis JP Calhoun DA Viera AJ Levine DA jacobs jr dr Shimbo D Liu K Greenland P Lloyd-Jones D 陈云叶鹏

夜间血压与心血管事件风险相关。青年人夜间血压和中年时认知功能间的关系仍不清楚。方法：研究者用的数据来自青年人冠状动脉风险发展研究中进行门诊动态血压监测的亚组,参与者224人（平均年龄30岁,45%为男性,63%为非洲裔美国人）。在... 详细信息

夜间血压与心血管事件风险相关。青年人夜间血压和中年时认知功能间的关系仍不清楚。方法：研究者用的数据来自青年人冠状动脉风险发展研究中进行门诊动态血压监测的亚组,参与者224人（平均年龄30岁,45%为男性,63%为非洲裔美国人）。在第20年随访时,进行斯特鲁普测试（执行功能）、数字符号替换测试（精神运动速度）和雷伊听觉言语学习测试（口头记忆）。结果：基线平均诊室、白天、夜间血压分别为109/73、120/74、107/59mm Hg（1mm Hg=0.133kPa）。

关键词：夜间血压认知功能发展研究动态血压监测非洲裔美国人言语学习心血管事件雷伊夜间收缩压舒张压水平

Childhood Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Adult Cardiovascular Events

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第2期44卷 53-53页

作者： David R jacobs jr From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health (D.R.J.) and the Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School (A.R.S. J.S.) University of Minnesota Minneapolis the Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (J.G.W. N.Z.) and the Heart Institute (E.M.U.) Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (J.G.W. N.Z. E.M.U.) - both in Cincinnati the Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine and Anschutz Medical Campus Children's Hospital Colorado - both in Aurora (S.R.D.) the Center for Population Health Research (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) and the Departments of Medicine (M.J. J.S.A.V.) and Mathematics and Statistics (N.K.) University of Turku and the Center for Population Health Research (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) the Division of Medicine (M.J. J.S.A.V.) and the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.) Turku University Hospital Turku and the Department of Clinical Chemistry Fimlab Laboratories and the Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere (T.L.) - all in Finland Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS (C.G.M. A.J.V. T.D.) and the Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne VIC (T.D.) - both in Australia the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans (L.A.B.) the Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City (T.L.B.) the Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC (R.J.P.) and the Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom (T.D.).

Background:Childhood cardiovascular risk factors predict subclinical adult cardiovascular disease,but links to clinical events are ***:In a prospective cohort study involving participants in the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohorts(i3C)Consortium,we evaluated whether childhood risk factors(at the ages of 3 to 19 years)were associated with cardiovascular events in adulthood after a mean follow-up of 35 years.

关键词： Cardiovascular cardiovascular Childhood

Deformation‑Induced Strengthening Mechanism in a Newly Designed L‑40 Tool Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第1期36卷 21-34页

作者： Yuan Tian Kanwal Chadha Clodualdo Aranas jr Voestalpine Additive Manufacturing Centre Ltd MississaugaON L5N 7Y3Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada

The microstructural and mechanical properties of a newly designed tool steel(L-40),specifcally designed to be employed in the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technique,were *** pool boundaries with submicron dendritic structures and about 14%retained austenite phase were evident after *** grain orientation after high cooling rate solidifcation is mostlyα∥building direction(BD).Then,the heat treatment converted the microstructure into a conventional martensitic phase,reduced the retained austenite to about 1.5%,and increasedα∥BD *** heat-treated sample exhibits higher tensile strength(1720±14 MPa)compared to the as-printed sample(1540±26 MPa)along the building direction,mainly due to hardening caused by a lower volume fraction of retained austenite phase and precipitation of *** a consequence of the strength-to-ductility trade-of,the heat-treated sample showed lower elongation(10%±2%)than that of the as-printed sample(18%±2%).It was observed that transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)occurs in both the as-printed and heat-treated samples during tensile testing,which dynamically transforms the retained austenite into martensite,leading to improved *** minimum driving force to initiate the displacive phase transformation is about 6000 J/mol,which was achieved during tensile *** strength and ductility of LPBF-produced L-40 were compared with the other LPBF-produced tool steels in literature;the data indicate that heat-treated L-40 has an excellent combination of strength and ductility complemented with high printability.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Laser powder bed fusion L-40 tool steel Phase transformation