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Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng charles c.Davis Hang Sun cAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI computational Biology center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA cAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest china comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate *** high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the *** our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic *** is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations,spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of Stellera chamaejasme *** identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation glacial-interglacial Hengduan Mountains north-south migration Stellera chamaejasme

Exploring a New Lifetime Distribution for Modelling the Waiting Time of Bank customers

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 194-209页

作者： Simon A. Ogumeyo jacob c. Ehiwario Festus c. Opone Department of Mathematics Delta State University of Science and Technology Ozoro Nigeria Department of Statistics University of Delta Agbor Nigeria Department of Statistics Delta State University of Science and Technology Ozoro Nigeria

The fitting of lifetime distribution in real-life data has been studied in various fields of research. With the theory of evolution still applicable, more complex data from real-world scenarios will continue to emerge. Despite this, many researchers have made commendable efforts to develop new lifetime distributions that can fit this complex data. In this paper, we utilized the KM-transformation technique to increase the flexibility of the power Lindley distribution, resulting in the Kavya-Manoharan Power Lindley (KMPL) distribution. We study the mathematical treatments of the KMPL distribution in detail and adapt the widely used method of maximum likelihood to estimate the unknown parameters of the KMPL distribution. We carry out a Monte carlo simulation study to investigate the performance of the Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLEs) of the parameters of the KMPL distribution. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the KMPL distribution for data fitting, we use a real dataset comprising the waiting time of 100 bank customers. We compare the KMPL distribution with other models that are extensions of the power Lindley distribution. Based on some statistical model selection criteria, the summary results of the analysis were in favor of the KMPL distribution. We further investigate the density fit and probability-probability (p-p) plots to validate the superiority of the KMPL distribution over the competing distributions for fitting the waiting time dataset.

关键词： KM-Transformation Power Lindley Distribution Data Fitting Moments Quantiles

Analysis of the combined effect of rs699 and rs5051 on angiotensinogen expression and hypertension

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chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 102-117页

作者： Nicholas R.Powell Tyler Shugg jacob Leighty Matthew Martin Rolf P.Kreutz Michael T.Eadon Dongbing Lai Tao Lu Todd c.Skaar Division of clinical Pharmacology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of cardiology School of MedicineKrannert Institute of CardiologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Background Hypertension(HTN)involves genetic variability in the renin-angiotensin system and influences antihypertensive *** previously reported that angiotensinogen(AGT)messenger RNA(mRNA)is endogenously bound by miR-122-5p and rs699 A>G decreases reporter mRNA in the microRNA functional-assay *** AGT promoter variant rs5051 c>T is in linkage disequilibrium(LD)with rs699 A>G and increases AGT *** independent effect of these variants is understudied due to their LD therefore we aimed to test the hypothesis that increased AGT by rs5051 c>T counterbalances AGT decreased by rs699 A>G,and when these variants occur independently,it translates to HTN-related *** We used in silico,in vitro,in vivo,and retrospective models to test this *** In silico,rs699 A>G is predicted to increase miR-122-5p binding affinity by 3%.Mir-ecLIP results show rs699 is 40–45 nucleotides from the strongest microRNA-binding site in the AGT ***,rs699 A>G increases AGT mRNA in an AGT-plasmid-cDNA HepG2 expression ***-Tissue Expression(GTEx)and UK Biobank analyses demonstrate liver AGT expression and HTN phenotypes are not different when rs699 A>G occurs independently from rs5051 c>***,GTEx and the in vitro experiments suggest rs699 A>G confers cell-type-specific effects on AGT mRNA abundance,and suggest paracrine renal renin-angiotensin-system perturbations could mediate the rs699 A>G associations with *** We found that rs5051 c>T and rs699 A>G significantly associate with systolic blood pressure in Black participants in the UK Biobank,demonstrating a fourfold larger effect than in White *** studies are warranted to determine if altered antihypertensive response in Black individuals might be due to rs5051 c>T or rs699 A>*** like this will help clinicians move beyond the use of race as a surrogate for genotype.

关键词： angiotensinogen genetic and genomic medicine hypertension rs699

Respiratory Mechanics, Respiratory Muscle Strength, control of Ventilation and Gas Exchange in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 25-38页

作者： Ahmet Baydur jacob Korula Divisions of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Los Angeles USA Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA Liver Diseases Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Downey California USA

Objectives: To assess respiratory elastance and resistive properties in patients with autoimmune liver disorders using the passive relaxation expiration technique and compare findings to a group of patients with non-autoimmune liver disease and control subjects. These findings were then related to control of ventilation and gas exchange. A secondary objective was to assess respiratory muscle strength and gas exchange and their relation to respiratory mechanics. Methods: Measurements included respiratory elastance and resistance using the passive relaxation method. Pulmonary function, gas exchange and control of ventilation were assessed using standard methods. Results: a) compared to control subjects, Ers in patients with liver disease was on average 50% greater than in controls;b) mean respiratory resistance, expressed as the respiratory constants, K1 and K2 in the Rohrer relationship, Pao/V’ = K1 + K2V’, was not different from control resistance;c) mean maximal inspiratory and maximal expiratory pressures averaged 36% and 55% of their respective control values;d) inspiratory occlusion pressure in 0.1 sec (P0.1) was increased and negatively associated with FVc;and e) increases in P0.1, mean inspiratory flow (Vt/Ti) and presence of respiratory alkalosis confirmed the increase in ventilatory drive. Despite inspiratory muscle weakness in patients, P0.1/Pimax averaged 5-fold higher than in control subjects. conclusions: Despite inspiratory muscle weakness and a V’E similar to that in normal subjects, central drive is increased in patients with chronic liver disease. The increase in ventilatory drive is related to smaller lung volumes and weakly associated with increase in respiratory elastance. Findings confirm that P0.1 is a reliable measure of central drive and is an approach that can be used in the evaluation of control of ventilation in patients with chronic liver dis

关键词： Autoimmune Liver Disease control of Ventilation Occlusion Pressure Passive Relaxation Method Primary Biliary cirrhosis Respiratory Elastance Respiratory Resistance

Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults:A systematic review with meta-analyses

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 820-840页

作者： Dustin J.Oranchuk Stephan G.Bodkin Katie L.Boncella Michael O.harris-Love Muscle Morphology Mechanicsand Performance LaboratoryDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Department of Physical Therapy

Background:Assessment and quantification of skeletal muscle within the aging population is vital for diagnosis,treatment,and injury/disease *** clinical availability of assessing muscle quality through diagnostic ultrasound presents an opportunity to be utilized as a screening tool for function-limiting ***,relationships between muscle echogenicity and clinical functional assessments require authoritative ***,we aimed to(a)synthesize the literature to assess the relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in older adults(-60 years),(b)perform pooled analyses of relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function,and(c)perform sub-analyses to determine between-muscle ***:cINAHL,Embase,MEDLINE,PubMed,and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify articles relating skeletal muscle echogenicity to physical function in older ***-of-bias assessments were conducted along with funnel plot ***-analyses with and without sub-analyses for individual muscles were performed utilizing Fisher’s Z transformation for the most common measures of physical ***’s Z was back-transformed to Pearson’s r for ***:Fifty-one articles(n=5095,female=»2759,male=»2301,72.5§5.8 years,mean§SD(1 study did not provide sex descriptors))were extracted for review,with previously unpublished data obtained from the authors of 13 *** rectus femoris(n=34)and isometric knee extension strength(n=22)were the most accessed muscle and physical qualities,*** relationship between quadriceps echogenicity and knee extensor strength was moderate(n=2924,r=-0.36(95%confidence interval:-0.38 to-0.32),pcorrelations(r:-0.34 to-0.23,all pces in predictive ability

关键词： correlations Echo intensity Elderly Intramuscular fat Strength

In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal colton L.Gattis Jeffrey c.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TcSPc)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TcSPc has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

Provenance Documentation to Enable Explainable and Trustworthy AI:A Literature Review

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Data Intelligence 2023年第1期5卷 139-162页

作者： Amruta Kale Tin Nguyen Frederick c.harris Jr. chenhao Li Jiyin Zhang Xiaogang Ma Department of computer Science Universityof IdahoMoscowID83844USA Department of computer Science and Engineering University of NevadaRenoRenoNV 89557USA

Recently artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)models have demonstrated remarkable progress with applications developed in various *** is also increasingly discussed that AI and ML models and applications should be transparent,explainable,and ***,the field of Explainable AI(XAI)is expanding *** holds substantial promise for improving trust and transparency in AI-based systems by explaining how complex models such as the deep neural network(DNN)produces their ***,many researchers and practitioners consider that using provenance to explain these complex models will help improve transparency in AI-based *** this paper,we conduct a systematic literature review of provenance,XAI,and trustworthy AI(TAI)to explain the fundamental concepts and illustrate the potential of using provenance as a medium to help accomplish explainability in AI-based ***,we also discuss the patterns of recent developments in this area and offer a vision for research in the near *** hope this literature review will serve as a starting point for scholars and practitioners interested in learning about essential components of provenance,XAI,and TAI.

关键词： Explainable AI Trustworthy AI Provenance documentation Workflow platforms Data science

Geomechanical properties will constrain cO_(2)injection into the lower Ordovician Rose Run sandstone deep saline reservoir,Appalachian Basin,Kentucky,USA

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 947-960页

作者： John Richard Bowersox Stephen F.Greb Junfeng Zhu David c.harris Kentucky Geological Survey University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0107USA

The Kentucky Geological Survey(KGS)1 Hanson Aggregates stratigraphic research well,carter county,Kentucky,USA,was drilled to a total depth of 1474 m as a field-scale test of potential cO2 storage reservoir properties in the central Appalachian *** properties of the Rose Run sandstone(upper Ordovician Knox group)were tested for its suitability as a storage reservoir.A 9.8-m thick section of the Rose Run was penetrated at 1000 m drilled depth and a whole-diameter core and rotary sidewall cores were *** porosity and permeability measured in core plugs were 9.1%and 44.6 mD,*** vertical stress gradient calculated in the wellbore was 26 MPa/*** fractures in dolomites underlying and overlying the Rose Run follow the contemporary N53E Appalachian Basin stress *** Rose Run elastic geomechanical properties were calibrated to values measured in core plugs to evaluate its fracturing risk as a cO2 storage *** Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values of the Rose Run were 45 GPa and 0.23,respectively,whereas Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values were 77.1 GPa and 0.28,respectively,in the overlying Beekmantown dolomite,suggesting the Rose Run may fracture if overpressured during cO2 injection but be confined by the *** compressive strength measured in core plugs found the Rose Run and Beekmantown fractured at mean axial stresses of 156.5 MPa and 282.2 MPa,respectively,confirming the Beekmantown as suitable for confining cO2 injected into the Rose Run.A step-rate test was conducted in a mechanically-isolated 18.6-m interval bracketing the Rose *** Rose Run reservoir pressure was 9.3 MPa,and fracture gradient under injection was 13.6 MPa/km,suggesting step-rate testing before cO2 injection,and subsequent pressure monitoring to ensure *** the region around the KGS 1 Hanson Aggregates well is underpressured and adjacent to faulted Precambrian basement,further research is neede

关键词： Appalachian Basin Rose Run sandstone Geomechanics carbon sequestration Step-rate testing

A New Fossil Termite (Isoptera,Stolotermitidae,Stolotermes) from the Early Miocene of Otago,New Zealand

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 705-709页

作者： Uwe KAULFUSS Anthony c.harris Daphne E.LEE Department of Geology University of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin 9054New Zealand Otago Museum PO Box 6202Dunedin 9059New Zealand

The forewing of a termite from Early Miocene lake sediments in Otago, southern New Zealand is figured and described. It exhibits the generic characters of the damp-wood termite Stolotermes Hagen, but differs from forewings of the known species in size and venation pattern and is described as Stolotermes kupe sp. nov. S. kupe represents the first confident record of fossil Stolotermitidae and extends the fossil record of the family back to the Early Miocene. It also is the first direct evidence of fossil Isoptera from New Zealand, though silicified termite faecal pellets, referable to Kalotermes brauni, have been previously described. S. kupe indicates that Stolotermitidae has been present in the Australasian region since at least the Early Miocene.

关键词： Early Miocene fossil termite Isoptera Stolotermes new species Otago Fouiden Maar Gondwana