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Analysis of Precipitation Trends and Prediction in Selected Cities in the Southeast Louisiana

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 698-727页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi John b. Namwamb. Zhu H. Ning Edmund C. Merem Priscilla M. Loh Ab.na b. Asare-Ansah jacob b. annan Ronald Okwemb. Harriet b. Yeb.ah Caroline Y. Apraku Janeth Mjema Rechael N. D. Armah Matilda Anokye Lucinda A. Kangwana Judith Oppong Julia Atayi Cynthia C. Ogb. Opeyemi I. Oladigb.lu Diana b. Frimpong Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urb.n Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge LA USA Department of Urb.n and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson MS USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Canada

The impacts of climate change are b.ing felt in Louisiana, in the form of changing weather patterns that have resulted in changes in floods, hurricanes, tornadoes frequencies of occurrence, and magnitudes, among others resulting in, flooding. The variab.lities in rainfall in a drainage b.sin affect water availab.lity and sustainab.lity. This study analyzed the precipitation data of Southeastern Louisiana, United States, for the period 1990 to 2020. Data used in the study was from, Donaldsonville, Galliano, Lafourche, Gonzales, Ascension, Morgan, New Orleans, Audub.n, Plaquemine, and Ponchatoula, Tangipahoa, weather stations. These stations were selected b.cause the differences b.tween each of their highest and lowest average annual rainfall data were greater than 20 inches. To investigate climate patterns and trends for the given weather stations in Southeastern Louisiana, precipitation data were analyzed on annual time scales using data collected from the World b.nk Group Climate Change Knowledge Portal for Development Practitioners and Policy Makers and the Applied Climate Information System (ACIS) of the National Weather Service Prediction Center. The data were further aggregated using annual average b.ocks of 4 years, and linear and polynomial regression was performed to estab.ish trends. The highest and lowest average annual rainfall data for Donaldsonville, Galliano, Lafourche, Gonzales, Ascension, Morgan, New Orleans, Audub.n, Plaquemine, and Ponchatoula, Tangipahoa, weather stations were, 75 and 48, 71 and 44, 73.5 and 52.7, 75 and 46.4, 72 and 41.3, 94 and 55.3, Ponchatoula, and 78.6 and 44, respectively. Plaquemine recorded the highest average annual average rainfall while New Orleans, Audub.n station recorded the lowest. The projection of the precipitation in 2030 has b.en carried out to inform scientists and stakeholders ab.ut the approximate quantity of rainfall expected and enab.e them to make their expected impacts on agriculture, economy, etc. The pr

关键词： Precipitation Linear and Polynomial Regression Extrapolating Models Southeastern Louisiana

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Flood Mapping in Mozamb.que Using Copernicus Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2022年第3期12卷 80-105页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Edmund C. Merem John b. Namwamb. Ab.na b. Asare-Ansah jacob b. annan Zhu H. Ning Rechael N. D. Armah Caroline Y. Apraku Harriet b. Yeb.ah Julia Atayi Matilda Anokye Diana b. Frimpong Ronald Okwemb. Olipa S. Mwakimi Judith Oppong b.illiant M. Petja Janeth Mjema Priscilla M. Loh Lucinda A. Kangwana Valentine Jeruto Leah Wangari Njeri Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urb.n Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A & M College 102 Fisher Hall Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Department of Urb.n and Regional Planning Jackson State University 101 Capitol Center Jackson Mississippi USA Department of Geography and Tourism Studies Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dares Salam Dares Salam Tanzania Water Research Commission (WRC) Private b.g X03 Gezina South Africa

Over the last two decades, Mozamb.que has experienced tremendous tropical cyclonic activities causing many flooding activities accompanied b. disastrous human casualties. Studies that integrate remote sensing, elevation data and coupled with demographic analysis in Mozamb.que are very limited. This study seeks to fill the void b. employing satellite data to map inundation caused b. Tropical Cyclones in Mozamb.que. In pursuit of this ob.ective, Sentinel-2 satellite data was ob.ained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS)’s Earth Explorer free Online Data Services imagery web.ite covering the months of March 20, 2019, March 25, 2019, and April 16, 2019 for two cities, Maputo and b.ira in Mozamb.que. The images were geometrically corrected to remove, haze, scan lines and speckles, and then referenced to Mozamb.que ground-b.sed Geographic: Lat/Lon coordinate system and WGS 84 Datum. Data from twelve spectral b.nds of Sentinel-2 satellite, covering the visib.e and near infrared sections of the electromagnetic spectrum, were further used in the analysis. In addition, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) within the study area was computed using the green and near infrared b.nds to highlight water b.dies of Sentinel-2 detectors. To project and model the population of Mozamb.que and see the impact of cyclones on the country, demographic data covering 1980 to 2017 was ob.ained from the World b.nk web.ite. The Exponential Smoothing (ETS) method was adopted to forecast the population of Mozamb.que. Results from NDWI analysis showed that the NDWI is higher for flood areas and lower for non-flooded ones. The ETS algorithm results indicate that the population of Mozamb.que would nearly doub.e b. 2047. Human population along the coastal zone in the country is also on the rise exponentially. The paper concludes b. outlining policy recommendations in the form of uniform distrib.tion of economic activities across the country and prohib.tion of inland migration to the coas

关键词： Tropical Cyclones Floods Remote Sensing NDWI Exponential Smoothing (ETS) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Sentinel-2 Satellite Mozamb.que

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The Impacts and Causes of Land Fragmentation on Farm Productivity: Case Review of East African Countries

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第5期14卷 455-482页

作者： Joseph Mayindo Mayele jacob b. Kolleh Joel Emmanuel Sab.ri Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Forestry and Wildlife College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies University of Juba Juba South Sudan Department of Socio-Economic and Applied Statistics Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI) Suakoko Liberia

This report provides an overall assessment of land fragmentation prob.ems in East Africa. Many parts of East Africa have b.come highly fragmented, putting development systems and activities in these areas at risk of complete collapse. Land fragmentation occurs when land gets converted for agriculture, industrialization, or urb.nization, invaded b. non-local plants, or enclosed for individual use and b. sub.ividing farmlands into sub.equent smaller units called parcels with varying average farm sizes. Fragmentation results from inappropriate agricultural development processes and ineffective land use planning that fails to recognize how farmland is used, and the importance of its interconnected areas. Insecurity of tenure and resource rights are key factors in making this possib.e. Land fragmentation is one of the key reasons why the ab.lity of most resources in East Africa b.comes scarcer, and those remaining b.come “privatized” b. more powerful community memb.rs—keen to maintain their access to them. Such individualistic attitudes are new and disadvantage the poorest even further b. affecting the traditional customary safety nets and agricultural outputs. Neither the government nor customary governance systems effectively protect resource access for the poorest. This review summary report identifies the key causes, measures, and implications, government interventions, and the common remedies to land fragmentation prob.ems in the East African Countries of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania including neighb.ring Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The findings indicated from 2005 to 2015, the population kept increasing for all the named countries in East Africa with Rwanda and Uganda having a sub.tantial increase in population density. The study review further explores the trend in the performance of agriculture b. average farm sizes within the intervals of five years b. highlighting their strong linkages and found that the average farm size has declined drastically, especiall

关键词： Land Fragmentation Land Consolidation Farm Productivity Industrialization Impacts Causes Average Farm Size Population East Africa

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Time Series Analysis on Selected Rainfall Stations Data in Louisiana Using ARIMA Approach

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Open Journal of Statistics 2021年第5期11卷 655-672页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi jacob b. annan Edmund C. Merem John b. Namwamb. Tomas Ayala-Silva Zhu H. Ning Ab.na b. Asare-Ansah Judith Oppong Diana b. Frimpong Priscilla M. Loh Faustina Owusu Lucinda A. Kangwana Olipa S. Mwakimi b.illiant M. Petja Ronald Okwemb. Caroline O. Akinrinwoye Hermeshia J. Mosb. Joyce McClendon-Peralta Department of Urb.n Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Department of Urb.n and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson Mississippi USA USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station Mayaguez Puerto Rico USA Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dares Salam Dares Salam Tanzania Water Research Commission (WRC) Private b.g X03 Gezina South Africa

Precipitation is very important for b.th the environment and its inhab.tants. Agricultural activities mostly depend on precipitation and its availab.lity. Therefore, the ab.lity to predict future precipitation values at specific stations is key for environmental and agricultural decision making. This research developed Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models for selected stations with Integrated component and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) for selected stations without Integrated component at Louisiana State. The ARIMA module is represented as ARIMA(p, d, q)(P,D,Q). The selected lag order for the Autoregressive (AR) component is represented with p and P for seasonal AR component, while the integrated form (numb.r of times data were differenced) is d and D for seasonal differencing, and the Moving Average (MA) lag order is q and Q for seasonal MA component. Data from 1950 to 2020 were employed in this research. Results of the analysis indicated that b.ton Rouge (ARIMA (0,1,1) (0,0,2)b.12b.), Abbeville (ARMA (0,0,1) (0,0,2)b.12b.), Monroe Regional (ARMA (0,0,1) (0,0,0)b.12b.), New Orleans Airport (ARMA (1,0,0) (0,0,2)b.12b.), Alexandria (ARMA (1,0,1) (0,0,0)b.12b.), Logansport (ARIMA (0,1,2) (0,0,0)b.12b.), New Orleans Audubon (ARMA (1,0,0) (0,0,0)b.12b.), Lake Charles Airport (ARMA (2,0,2) (0,0,0)b.

关键词： Precipitation ARIMA Models Time Series Lowess Louisiana

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Estimation of Land Surface Temperature from Landsat-8 OLI Thermal Infrared Satellite Data. A Comparative Analysis of Two Cities in Ghana

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2021年第4期10卷 131-149页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Edmund C. Merem John b. Namwamb. Olipa S. Mwakimi Tomas Ayala-Silva Diana b. Frimpong Zhu H. Ning Ab.na b. Asare-Ansah jacob b. annan Judith Oppong Priscilla M. Loh Faustina Owusu Valentine Jeruto b.illiant M. Petja Ronald Okwemb. Joyce McClendon-Peralta Caroline O. Akinrinwoye Hermeshia J. Mosb. Department of Urb.n Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge Louisiana USA Department of Urb.n and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson Mississippi USA Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dares Salam Dares Salam Tanzania USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station Mayaguez Puerto Rico USA Water Research Commission (WRC) Private b.g X03 Gezina South Africa

This study employs Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) thermal infrared satellite data to compare land surface temperature of two cities in Ghana: Accra and Kumasi. These cities have human populations ab.ve 2 million and the corresponding anthropogenic impact on their environments significantly. Images were acquired with minimum cloud cover (b.th dry and rainy seasons b.tween Decemb.r to August. Image preprocessing and rectification using ArcGIS 10.8 software were used. The shapefiles of Accra and Kumasi were used to extract from the full scenes to subset the study area. Thermal band data numbers were converted to Top of Atmospheric Spectral Radiance using radiance rescaling factors. To determine the density of green on a patch of land, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated by using red and near-infrared bands i.e. Band 4 and Band 5. Land surface emissivity (LSE) was also calculated to determine the efficiency of transmitting thermal energy across the surface into the atmosphere. Results of the study show variation of temperatures between different locations in two urban areas. The study found Accra to have experienced higher and lower dry season and wet season temperatures, respectively. The temperature ranges corresponding to the dry and wet seasons were found to be 21.0985

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Respiratory Mechanics, Respiratory Muscle Strength, Control of Ventilation and Gas Exchange in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 25-38页

作者： Ahmet b.ydur jacob Korula Divisions of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Los Angeles USA Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA Liver Diseases Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Downey California USA

Ob.ectives: To assess respiratory elastance and resistive properties in patients with autoimmune liver disorders using the passive relaxation expiration technique and compare findings to a group of patients with non-autoimmune liver disease and control sub.ects. These findings were then related to control of ventilation and gas exchange. A secondary ob.ective was to assess respiratory muscle strength and gas exchange and their relation to respiratory mechanics. Methods: Measurements included respiratory elastance and resistance using the passive relaxation method. Pulmonary function, gas exchange and control of ventilation were assessed using standard methods. Results: a) Compared to control sub.ects, Ers in patients with liver disease was on average 50% greater than in controls;b. mean respiratory resistance, expressed as the respiratory constants, Kb.1b. and Kb.2b. in the Rohrer relationship, Pao/V’ = Kb.1b. + Kb.2b.V’, was not different from control resistance;c) mean maximal inspiratory and maximal expiratory pressures averaged 36% and 55% of their respective control values;d) inspiratory occlusion pressure in 0.1 sec (Pb.0.1b.) was increased and negatively associated with FVC;and e) increases in Pb.0.1b., mean inspiratory flow (Vt/Ti) and presence of respiratory alkalosis confirmed the increase in ventilatory drive. Despite inspiratory muscle weakness in patients, Pb.0.1b./Pimax averaged 5-fold higher than in control sub.ects. Conclusions: Despite inspiratory muscle weakness and a V’b.Eb. similar to that in normal sub.ects, central drive is increased in patients with chronic liver disease. The increase in ventilatory drive is related to smaller lung volumes and weakly associated with increase in respiratory elastance. Findings confirm that Pb.0.1b. is a reliab.e measure of central drive and is an approach that can b. used in the evaluation of control of ventilation in patients with chronic liver dis

关键词： Autoimmune Liver Disease Control of Ventilation Occlusion Pressure Passive Relaxation Method Primary b.liary Cirrhosis Respiratory Elastance Respiratory Resistance

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and b.ne quality

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b.ne Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter jacob P.Rose Joanna b.ns Christina D.King Jordan b.b.rton b.rgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaib.e Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC b.rkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in b.oengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA b.ck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor b.ne quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that estab.ish and maintain b.ne quality,independent of b.ne mass,are unknown b.t are thought to b. primarily determined b. *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in b.ne quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains b.ne material *** examined b.nes from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged b.ne displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,b.t aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the b.havior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on b.ne mass,density,and mineral material b.havior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in b.ne quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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Shifts in reproductive strategies in the evolutionary trajectory of plant lineages

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Xin-Jian Zhang Xian-Han Huang jacob b.Landis Quan-Sheng Fu Jun-Tong Chen Peng-Rui Luo Li-Juan Li Heng-Yi Lu Hang Sun Tao Deng State Key Lab.ratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan International Joint Lab.ratory for b.odiversity of Central Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey Hortorium Cornell University b.I Computational b.ology Center Boyce Thompson Institute CAS Key Lab.ratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences

Understanding the maintenance and shift in reproductive strategies is a fundamental question in evolutionary research. Although many efforts have b.en made to compare different reproductive strategies, the association b.tween reproductive strategies and lineage divergence is largely unknown. To explore the impact of different reproductive strategies on lineage divergence, we investigated the evolution of clonality in Saxifraga sect. Irregulares+Heterisia. b. integrating several lines of evidence, we found that the loss of clonality in Irregulares+Heterisia was associated with a progressive increase in diversification rate and intraspecific morphological diversity b.t with a reduction in species distrib.tion range. Our findings provide insights into the ecological and evolutionary effects of different reproductive strategies,suggesting the necessity of integrating clonality into ecological and evolutional research.

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基于渗流-应力-损伤耦合的岩溶地区基坑开挖稳定性

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大连海事大学学报 2024年第2期50卷 168-176页

作者：冯云鹏姜谙男许梦飞虢新平闵庆华大连海事大学道路与桥梁工程研究所辽宁大连116026 中建交通建设集团有限公司北京100142

针对岩溶地区基坑工程施工过程中渗流(H)-应力(M)-损伤(D)耦合导致的岩石失稳问题,建立基于Hoek-b.own强度准则的渗流-应力-损伤耦合模型和算法。首先,根据损伤理论引入损伤因子对H-b.则进行修正,给出应力场、渗流场的控制方程与渗透... 详细信息

针对岩溶地区基坑工程施工过程中渗流(H)-应力(M)-损伤(D)耦合导致的岩石失稳问题,建立基于Hoek-b.own强度准则的渗流-应力-损伤耦合模型和算法。首先,根据损伤理论引入损伤因子对H-b.则进行修正,给出应力场、渗流场的控制方程与渗透性演化方程,实现渗流-应力-损伤的完全耦合。然后,给出该模型的求解算法。与石灰岩三轴室内试验与模拟的计算结果对比表明,两者拟合较好,验证了模型的准确性。最后,将该模型用于大连地铁梭鱼湾南站基坑工程的开挖稳定性分析,分别计算了耦合和非耦合条件下地表沉降和地下连续墙变形,结果表明,考虑耦合的变形值明显大于非耦合的变形值,并且更贴近现场监测数值。同时,为确定围岩最小防突层厚度,分别计算防突层为2 m、4 m、6 m、8 m时的损伤区分布特征,这对实际施工时的风险预测具有一定的意义。

关键词：岩溶地区基坑开挖稳定性渗流-应力-损伤耦合模型

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履带车辆自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法

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农业工程学报 2024年第10期40卷 32-43页

作者：王法安王博洋张兆国解开婷李安楠倪畅房汉玉昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院昆明650500 云南省高校中药材机械化工程研究中心昆明650500 昆明理工大学机电工程学院昆明650500 黑龙江佳木斯汤原县农业技术推广中心佳木斯154000

针对现有单边制动履带车辆跟踪控制算法同周期内并行控制难、跟踪精度低、转向控制次数较多等问题,该研究以电控化改装后江苏筑水农机3b.5型履带运输车为试验平台,开展单边制动履带车辆路径跟踪控制算法研究。通过单边制动履带车辆运动... 详细信息

针对现有单边制动履带车辆跟踪控制算法同周期内并行控制难、跟踪精度低、转向控制次数较多等问题,该研究以电控化改装后江苏筑水农机3b.5型履带运输车为试验平台,开展单边制动履带车辆路径跟踪控制算法研究。通过单边制动履带车辆运动学分析,构建车辆预瞄跟踪模型,提出一种预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法,将横向偏差与航向偏差作为多输入输出模糊控制器输入参数,实现车辆同一控制周期内转向与直线行驶的并行控制。为了优化车辆路径跟踪精度与转向控制次数,提出改进麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm,SSA)的自适应前视距求解算法,考虑车辆的横向偏差和转向路径角度约束,解析较优前视距离,通过仿真和田间试验对算法进行跟踪精度与转向控制次数综合评价。仿真结果表明:基于自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法跟踪多角度规划路径时,车辆转向控制次数为89次,误差面积为1.74 m2。田间作业路况下,由于试验路面起伏不平,并且随速度增加车辆跟踪精度下降,但跟踪精度及转向控制次数随前视距离的变化规律与仿真结果一致,当车辆分别以0.14、0.47和0.83 m/s跟踪路径时,自适应预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法相对于固定前视距离预瞄跟踪模糊控制算法车辆转向控制次数分别减少13.59%、9.87%和11.25%,误差面积分别减少19.93%、48.48%和54.59%,验证了算法的有效性。研究结果可为单边制动履带车辆的农机自动导航技术提供创新思路与技术支撑。

关键词：履带车辆路径跟踪模糊控制麻雀搜索算法

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