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Career Performance Progressions of Junior and Senior Elite Track and Field Athletes

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第2期1卷 168-175页

作者： Joshua L.Foss jacob a.sinex Robert F.Chapman Department of Kinesiology School of Public Health-BloomingtonIndiana University1025 E.7th StreetBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Purpose To compare and assess differences in the career performance progressions of elite junior and Olympic track and field *** Annual best performances from top 8 men and women(***)in track and field events at the 2000 World Junior Championships(junior cohort)and the 2000 Olympic Games(Olympic cohort)were *** bests of these finalists were tracked each year from select groups:sprints(100 m,200 m),distance(1500 m,5000 m),jumps(long jump,high jump),throws(discus,shot put).Age of best lifetime performance,age of final posted performance,and improvement from junior-age best to lifetime best performance were compared between *** Olympic finalists achieved lifetime best performances at later ages than junior finalists[26.0±4.0 years vs.21.1±3.5 years;age difference 90%CI(3.7-5.2 years),P<0.001],and this significant age difference between cohorts was found within all four *** finalists improved from under-20 best to lifetime best more so than junior finalists[6.1±4.8%vs.2.5±2.3%;Age difference 90%CI(2.5-4.8%),P<0.001].Of 130 junior finalists,54 did not improve after age 19,while 19 of 128 Olympic finalists posted no improvement after age *** The data suggest that these two populations have different career performance progressions and challenge the notion that achieving elite success as a junior athlete is a prerequisite for the same success at the senior level.

关键词： Youth sport Maturation Physical development Early specialization

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Hypoxic training methods for improving endurance exercise performance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 325-332页

作者： jacob A. sinex Robert E Chapman School of Public Health Department of Kinesiology Human Performance Laboratory Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 USA

Endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of fiactors that can be altered through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal aerobic exercise capacity, capillary density, and economy. Physiological adaptations in response to acute and chronic exposure to hypoxic environments are well documented and range from short-term detrimental effects to longer-term adaptations that can improve performance at altitude and in sea-level competitions. Many altitude and hypoxic training protocols have been developed, employing various combinations of living and training at sea-level, low, moderate, and high altitudes and utilizing natural and artificial altitudes, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Several factors have been identified that are associated with individual responses to hypoxic training, and techniques for identifying those athletes most likely to benefit from hypoxic trairdng continue to be investigated. Exposure to sufficiently high altitude （2000-3000 m） for more than 12 h/day, while training at lower altitudes, for a minimum of 21 days is recommended. Timing of altitude training related to competition remains under debate, although general recommendations can be considered.

关键词： Altitude Hypoxia Performance Training

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