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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

The influence of moisture on the permeability of crushed shale samples

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Petroleum Science 2019年第3期16卷 492-501页

作者： Mercy Achang jack c.pas.in Eliot A.Atekwana Boone Pickens School of Geology Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater OK 74078USA Department of Geological Sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716IJSA

Shale cuttings and cores recovered from the subsurface and stored for hours to decades tend to dry out and lose moisture and hydrocarbons,leading to an increase in the effective matrix *** loss in shale samples is a fundamental sample preservation problem which can be solved by applying a standard moisture equilibration procedure to restore lost *** aim was to investigate the relationship between permeability and variable moisture as-received,as-received moisture-equilibrated and saturated moisture-equilibrated *** were crushed to a series of particle sizes(0.6-2.0)mm and moisture equilibrated at 97% relative *** show that moisture equilibration in the samples was achieved after 72 *** permeability of the saturated moisture-equilibrated and as-received moisture-equilibrated samples decreased exponentially with increase in moisture *** high correlation coefficient between permeability and particle size(r = 0.96 and 0.97)for moisture-equilibrated samples compared to 0.76 for as-received samples indicates that moisture equilibration improves permeability measurements in crushed shale ***,permeability measurements are repeatable for moisture-equilibrated samples compared to samples that were not equilibrated(as-received).We conclude that moisture content affects permeability and moisture equilibration normalizes and improves the repeatability of permeability measurements in crushed shale.

关键词： crushed shale Matrix permeability Moisture equilibration

Integration of molecular genetic technology with quantitative genetic technology for maximizing the speed of genetic improvement

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华南农业大学学报 2005年第S1期26卷 104-117页

作者： jack c.M. DEKKERS Department of Animal Science and center for Integrated Animal Genomics 239D Kildee Hall Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

To date,most genetic progress for quantita-tive traits in livestock has been made by selec-tion on phenotype or on estimates of breedingvalues(BBV)derived from phenotype,withoutknowledge of the number of genes that affect thetrait or the effects of each *** this quantita-tive genetic approach to genetic improvement,the genetic architecture of traits of interest hasessentially been treated as a‘black box’.De-spite this,the substantial rates of genetic im-provement that have been and continue to be a-chie...

关键词： molecular genetics quantitative genetic QTL MAS

Machine learning algorithms for suicide risk:a premature arms race?

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General Psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 429-431页

作者： jack c Lennon Department of Psychology Adler UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA

INTRODUcTION Machine learning(ML)techniques1 are becoming a major area of study in psychiatry,as ML possesses the theoretical capacity to draw conclusions based on a broad range of data once the system has been taught through a process of trial and ***,and arguably most importantly,ML can do so more quickly and accurately than clinicians.2 Several studies have demonstrated accuracy through the use of ML in various populations and geographic locations,further perpetuating the perceived need to incorporate ML into ongoing studies.

关键词： becoming learning conclusions

Principles to Support Modular Software construction

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2017年第1期32卷 3-10页

作者： jack B. Dennis Department of Electrical Engineering and computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A.

The construction of large software systems is always achieved through assembly of independently written components -- program modules. For these software components to work together, they must share a common set of data types and principles for representing structured data such as arrays of values and files. This common set of tools for creating and operating on data objects is provided by the infrastructure of the computer system： the hardware, operating system and runtime code. Because the nature and properties of these tools are crucial for correct operation of software components and their inter-operation, it is essential to have a precise specification that may be used for verifying correctness of application software on one hand, and to verify correctness of system behavior on the other. We call such a specification a program execution model （PXM）. It is evident that the properties of the PXM implemented by a computer system can have serious impact on the ability of application programmers to practice modular software construction. This paper discusses the concept of program execution models and presents a set of principles that a PXM must satisfy to provide a sound basis for modular software construction. Because parallel program execution on computer systems with many processing units is an essential part of contemporary computing environments, the expression of parallelism and modular software construction using components involving parallel operations is included in this treatment. The conclusion is that it is possible to build computer systems that implement a PXM within which any parallel program may be used, unmodified, as a component for building more substantial parallel programs.

关键词： program execution model data flow model codelet abstract architecture parallel computing

Physics-based,data-driven approach for predicting natural ventilation of residential high-rise buildings

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Building Simulation 2022年第1期15卷 129-148页

作者： Vincent J.L.Gan Boyu Wang c.M.chan A.U.Weerasuriya jack c.P.cheng Department of Building School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of SingaporeSingapore117566 Department of civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

Natural ventilation is particularly important for residential high-rise buildings as it maintains indoor human comfort without incurring the energy demands that air-conditioning *** improve a building’s natural ventilation,it is essential to develop models to understand the relationship between wind flow characteristics and the building's *** more effort is still needed for developing such reliable,accurate,and computationally economical models instead of currently the most popular physics-based models such as computational fluid dynamics(cFD)*** paper,therefore,presents a novel model developed based on physics-based modelling and a data-driven approach to evaluate natural ventilation in residential high-rise *** model first uses cFD to simulate wind pressures on the exterior surfaces of a high-rise *** the surface pressures have been obtained,multizone modelling is used to predict the air change per hour(AcH)for different flats in various ***-driven prediction models are then developed using data from the simulation and deep neural networks that are based on mean absolute error,mean absolute percentage error,and a fusion algorithm *** data-driven models are used to predict the AcH of 25 *** results from multizone modelling and data-driven modelling are *** results imply a high accuracy of the data-driven prediction in comparison with physics-based *** fusion algorithm-based neural network performs best,achieving 96%accuracy,which is the highest of all models *** study contributes a more efficient and robust method for predicting wind-induced natural *** findings describe the relationship between building design(e.g.,plan layout),distribution of surface pressure,and the resulting AcH,which serve to improve the practical design of sustainable buildings.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics data-driven prediction machine learning multizone model natural ventilation residential building

Sunway Taihu Light supercomputer makes its appearance

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National Science Review 2016年第3期3卷 265-266页

作者： jack Dongarra Innovative computing Laboratory EECS DepartmentUniversity of Tennessee

The Sunway Taihu Light System[1] is very impressive with over 10 million cores and a peak performance of just over 125 Pflop/*** Top500 list has the Sunway Taihu Light as the fastest *** Sunway is almost three times(2... 详细信息

关键词： Bell Sunway Taihu Light supercomputer makes its appearance high Acc

Building geospatial infrastructure

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第1期23卷 1-9页

作者： jack Dangermond Michael F.Goodchild Esri RedlandsCAUSA Department of Geography University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Many visions for geospatial technology have been advanced over the past half *** researchers saw the handling of geospatial data as the major problem to be *** vision of geographic information systems arose as an early international *** visions included spatial data infrastructure,Digital Earth,and a nervous system for the *** accelerating advances in information technology,a new vision is needed that reflects today’s focus on open and multimodal access,sharing,engagement,the Web,Big Data,artificial intelligence,and data *** elaborate on the concept of geospatial infrastructure,and argue that it is essential if geospatial technology is to contribute to the solution of problems facing humanity.

关键词： Spatial data handling National Spatial Data Infrastructure Digital Earth Big Data citizen engagement

Urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer： a review

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 333-339页

作者： Daphne Hessels jack A Schalken NovioGendix BV Nijmegen 6525 GA The Netherlands Department of Urology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen 6500 HB The Netherlands

Although the routine use of serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing has undoubtedly increased prostate cancer （Pca） detection, one of its main drawbacks is its lack of specificity. As a consequence, many men undergo unnecessary biopsies or treatments for indolent tumours. Pca-specific markers are needed for the early detection of the disease and the prediction of aggressiveness of a prostate tumour. Since Pca is a heterogeneous disease, a panel of tumour markers is fundamental for a more precise diagnosis. Several biomarkers are promising due to their specificity for the disease in tissue. However, tissue is unsuitable as a possible screening tool. Since urine can be easily obtained in a non-invasive manner, it is a promising substrate for biomarker testing. This article reviews the biomarkers for the non-invasive testing of Pca in urine.

关键词： biomarkers diagnosis prostate cancer (Pca) urinary biomarkers urine