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Genetic parameters of drinking and feeding traits of wean-to-finish pigs under a polymicrobial natural disease challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 17-35页

作者： Jian cheng Austin m.Putz John c.S.Harding michael K.Dyck Frederic Fortin Graham S.Plastow Pig Gen canada jack c.m.dekkers Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Hendrix Genetics Swine Business UnitBoxmeerThe Netherlands 5831CK Department of Large Animal clinical Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A2Canada Department of Agriculture Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada centre de Developpement du Porc du Quebec Inc. Quebec City G1V 4M6Canada PigGen canada Research consortium GuelphOntario N1H4G8Canada

Background:The pork industry faces unprecedented challenges from disease,which increases cost of production and use of antibiotics,and reduces production efficiency,carcass quality,and animal *** solution is to improve the overall resilience of pigs to a broad array of common diseases through genetic *** changes in feeding and drinking are usually the very first clinical signs when animals are exposed to stressors such as *** in feeding and drinking behaviors in diseased pigs may reflect the way they cope with the challenge and,thus,could be used as indicator traits to select for disease *** objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of feeding and drinking traits for wean-to-finish pigs in a natural polymicrobial disease challenge model,to estimate genetic correlations of feeding and drinking traits with growth rate and clinical disease traits,and to develop indicator traits to select for disease ***:In general,drinking traits had moderate to high estimates of heritability,especially average daily water dispensed,duration,and number of visits(0.44 to 0.58).Similar estimates were observed for corresponding feeding traits(0.35 to 0.51).most genetic correlation estimates among drinking traits were moderate to high(0.30 to 0.92)and higher than among feeding traits(0 to 0.11).compared to other drinking traits,water intake duration and number of visits had relatively stronger negative genetic correlation estimates with treatment rate and mortality,especially across the challenge nursery and finisher(−0.39 and−0.45 for treatment rate;−0.20 and−0.19 for mortality).conclusion:most of the recorded drinking and feeding traits under a severe disease challenge had moderate to high estimates of heritability,especially for feed or water intake duration and number of *** and genetic correlations among the recorded feeding traits under disease were generally low but drinking traits show

关键词： Disease resilience Feeding and drinking behavior Genetic parameters Pigs

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mixture models detect large effect QTL better than GBLUP and result in more accurate and persistent predictions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 468-473页

作者： Anna Wolc Jesus Arango Petek Settar Janet E.Fulton Neil P.O'Sullivan jack c.m.dekkers Rohan Fernando Dorian J.Garrick Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Hy-Line International Dallas Center

Background： Accurate evaluation of SNP effects is important for genome wide association studies and for genomic prediction. The genetic architecture of quantitative traits differs widely, with some traits exhibiting few if any quantitative trait loci （QTL） with large effects, while other traits have one or several easily detectable QTL with large effects. methods： Body weight in broilers and egg weight in layers are two examples of traits that have QTL of large effect A commonly used method for genome wide association studies is to fit a mixture model such as BayesB that assumes some known proportion of SNP effects are zero. In contrast, the most commonly used method for genomic prediction is known as GBLUP, which involves fitting an animal model to phenotypic data with the variance-covariance or genomic relationship matrix among the animals being determined by genome wide SNP genotypes. Genotypes at each SNP are typically weighted equally in determining the genomic relationship matrix for GBLUP. We used the equivalent marker effects model formulation of GBLUP for this study. We compare these two classes of models using egg weight data collected over 8 generations from 2,324 animals genotyped with a 42 K SNP ***： Using data from the first 7 generations, both BayesB and GBLUP found the largest QTL in a similar well-recognized QTL region, but this QTL was estimated to account for 24 % of genetic variation with BayesB and less than 1% with GBLUP. When predicting phenotypes in generation 8 BayesB accounted for 36 % of the phenotypic variation and GBLUP for 25 %. When using only data from any one generation, the same QTL was identified with BayesB in all but one generation but never with GBLUP. Predictions of phenotypes in generations 2 to 7 based on only 295 animals from generation 1 accounted for 10 % phenotypic variation with BayesB but only 6 % with GBLUP. Predicting phenotype using only the marker effects in the 1 mb region that accounted for the largest e

关键词： Bayesian methods Bias QTL

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Integration of molecular genetic technology with quantitative genetic technology for maximizing the speed of genetic improvement

Integration of molecular genetic technology with quantitativ...

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农业部“948”项目-Ensminger School国际猪遗传育种技术研讨会

作者： jack c.m.dekkers Department of Animal Science and center for Integrated Animal Genomics 239D Kildee Hall Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA

Advances in molecular genetics have opened opportunities to enhance strategies for genetic improvement of livestock by directly selecting on genes or chromosomal regions that harbor genes that af- fect traits of interest,so-called quantitative trait loci(QTL).Detection and use of QTL relies on pres- ence of linkage disequilibrium between genetic markers that can be genotyped and *** nature of linkage disequilibrium that exists in populations or that can be created in experimental populations and its use in QTL detection and marker-assisted selection are *** and opportunities for alternate strategies for marker-assisted selection are *** main conclusion is that opportunities for use of marker-assisted selection to enhance rates of genetic improvement exist,in particular using population-wide disequilibrium,but they require careful analysis and implementation in existing breeding programs.

关键词： molecular genetics quantitative genetic QTL mAS

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基因型测定对生猪生产者有怎样的用处

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现代畜牧兽医 2010年第12期 18-20页

作者：何忠武 christopher K.Tuggle jack c.m.dekkers 四川省广元市苍溪县畜牧食品局四川苍溪628400

像SNPs、基因组选择和基因组育种类似术语在奶牛业早已为人们所熟悉了,与猪基因组测序相关的技术虽然在猪业起步较晚一些,但是现在的工作进行得不错。本文介绍了目前的工作进行情况以及该项技术给养殖业提供的前景。

关键词：猪基因型测定基因组遗传变异基因组选择

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Identification of recombination hotspots and quantitative trait loci for recombination rate in layer chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 314-326页

作者： Ziqing Weng Anna Wolc Hailin Su Rohan L.FernANDo jack c.m.dekkers Jesus Arango Petek Settar Janet E.Fulton Neil P.O’Sullivan Dorian J.Garrick Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50010USA Hy-Line International Dallas CenterIA 50063USA AL Rae centre for Genetics and Breeding Massey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand.

Background: The frequency of recombination events varies across the genome and between individuals, which may be related to some genomic features. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of recombination events and to identify QTL(quantitative trait loci) for recombination rate in two purebred layer chicken ***: A total of 1200 white-egg layers(WL) were genotyped with 580 K SNPs and 5108 brown-egg layers(BL)were genotyped with 42 K SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms). Recombination events were identified within half-sib families and both the number of recombination events and the recombination rate was calculated within each0.5 mb window of the genome. The 10% of windows with the highest recombination rate on each chromosome were considered to be recombination hotspots. A BayesB model was used separately for each line to identify genomic regions associated with the genome-wide number of recombination event per meiosis. Regions that explained more than 0.8% of genetic variance of recombination rate were considered to harbor ***: Heritability of recombination rate was estimated at 0.17 in WL and 0.16 in BL. On average, 11.3 and 23.2 recombination events were detected per individual across the genome in 1301 and 9292 meioses in the WL and BL,respectively. The estimated recombination rates differed significantly between the lines, which could be due to differences in inbreeding levels, and haplotype structures. Dams had about 5% to 20% higher recombination rates per meiosis than sires in both lines. Recombination rate per 0.5 mb window had a strong negative correlation with chromosome size and a strong positive correlation with Gc content and with cpG island density across the genome in both lines. Different QTL for recombination rate were identified in the two lines. There were 190 and 199 non-overlapping recombination hotspots detected in WL and BL respectively, 28 of which were common to both ***: Differences in the r

关键词： Layer chicken QTL Recombination SNP

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Integration of molecular genetic technology with quantitative genetic technology for maximizing the speed of genetic improvement

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华南农业大学学报 2005年第S1期26卷 104-117页

作者： jack c.m. dekkers Department of Animal Science and center for Integrated Animal Genomics 239D Kildee Hall Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

To date,most genetic progress for quantita-tive traits in livestock has been made by selec-tion on phenotype or on estimates of breedingvalues(BBV)derived from phenotype,withoutknowledge of the number of genes that affect thetrait or the effects of each *** this quantita-tive genetic approach to genetic improvement,the genetic architecture of traits of interest hasessentially been treated as a‘black box’.De-spite this,the substantial rates of genetic im-provement that have been and continue to be a-chie...

关键词： molecular genetics quantitative genetic QTL mAS

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分子遗传技术与数量遗传技术结合使遗传改良速度最大化

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华南农业大学学报 2005年第S1期26卷 117-124页

作者： jack c.m. dekkers 张豪朱良瑞梅盈杰 Department of Animal Science and center for Integrated Animal Genomics 239D Kildee Hall Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

随着分子遗传学的发展,为家畜的遗传改良提供了新的手段,可以直接选择影响性状的基因或包含基因的染色体区域,即所谓数量性状基因座(QTL)。QTL的检测和应用依赖于可以分型的遗传标记和QTL之间是否存在连锁不平衡.本文对畜群中存在的或... 详细信息

随着分子遗传学的发展,为家畜的遗传改良提供了新的手段,可以直接选择影响性状的基因或包含基因的染色体区域,即所谓数量性状基因座(QTL)。QTL的检测和应用依赖于可以分型的遗传标记和QTL之间是否存在连锁不平衡.本文对畜群中存在的或可以在试验畜群中产生的连锁不平衡的特性、及其在QTL检测和标记辅助选择中的作用进行了综述,并且概述了标记辅助选择的不同策略的优缺点.S主要的观点是利用标记辅助选择加快遗传改良的速度是可行的,特别是可以利用群体范围的连锁不平衡时更是如此,但是这需要认真地分析并在现有育种方案中落实。

关键词：分子遗传数量遗传数量性状基因座标记辅助选择

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Physics-based,data-driven approach for predicting natural ventilation of residential high-rise buildings

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Building Simulation 2022年第1期15卷 129-148页

作者： Vincent J.L.Gan Boyu Wang c.m.chan A.U.Weerasuriya jack c.P.cheng Department of Building School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of SingaporeSingapore117566 Department of civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

Natural ventilation is particularly important for residential high-rise buildings as it maintains indoor human comfort without incurring the energy demands that air-conditioning *** improve a building’s natural ventilation,it is essential to develop models to understand the relationship between wind flow characteristics and the building's *** more effort is still needed for developing such reliable,accurate,and computationally economical models instead of currently the most popular physics-based models such as computational fluid dynamics(cFD)*** paper,therefore,presents a novel model developed based on physics-based modelling and a data-driven approach to evaluate natural ventilation in residential high-rise *** model first uses cFD to simulate wind pressures on the exterior surfaces of a high-rise *** the surface pressures have been obtained,multizone modelling is used to predict the air change per hour(AcH)for different flats in various ***-driven prediction models are then developed using data from the simulation and deep neural networks that are based on mean absolute error,mean absolute percentage error,and a fusion algorithm *** data-driven models are used to predict the AcH of 25 *** results from multizone modelling and data-driven modelling are *** results imply a high accuracy of the data-driven prediction in comparison with physics-based *** fusion algorithm-based neural network performs best,achieving 96%accuracy,which is the highest of all models *** study contributes a more efficient and robust method for predicting wind-induced natural *** findings describe the relationship between building design(e.g.,plan layout),distribution of surface pressure,and the resulting AcH,which serve to improve the practical design of sustainable buildings.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics data-driven prediction machine learning multizone model natural ventilation residential building

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Pathway engineering strategies for improved product yield in yeast-based industrial ethanol production

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第1期7卷 554-566页

作者： Aafke c.A.van Aalsta Sophie c.de Valk Walter m.van Gulik mickel L.A.Jansen jack T.Pronka Robert mans Department of Biotechnology Delft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZ Delftthe Netherlands DSm Biotechnology centre Alexander Fleminglaan 12613AX Delftthe Netherlands

Product yield on carbohydrate feedstocks is a key performance indicator for industrial ethanol production with the yeast Saccharomyces *** paper reviews pathway engineering strategies for improving ethanol yield on glucose and/or sucrose in anaerobic cultures of this yeast by altering the ratio of ethanol production,yeast growth and glycerol *** attention is paid to strategies aimed at altering energy coupling of alcoholic fermentation and to strategies for altering redox-cofactor coupling in carbon and nitrogen meta-bolism that aim to reduce or eliminate the role of glycerol formation in anaerobic redox *** addition to providing an overview of scientific advances we discuss context dependency,theoretical impact and potential for industrial application of different proposed and developed strategies.

关键词： Saccharomyces cerevisiae Synthetic biology metabolic engineering Biofuels Redox metabolism Energy metabolism

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Transplacental induction of fatty acid oxidation in term fetal pigs by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist clofibrate

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 341-352页

作者： Xi Lin Sheila Jacobi jack Odle Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Department of Animal SciencesNorth Carolina State University

Background： To induce peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα） expression and increase milk fat utilization in pigs at birth, the effect of maternal feeding of the PPARα agonist, clofibrate（2-（4-chlorophenoxy）-2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester）, on fatty acid oxidation was examined at ful-term delivery（0 h） and 24 h after delivery in this *** group of pigs（n = 10） was delivered from pregnant sows fed a commercial diet with or without 0.8% clofibrate for the last 7 d of gestation. Blood samples were col ected from the utero-ovarian artery of the sows and the umbilical cords of the pigs as they were removed from the sows by c-section on day 113 of ***： HPLc analysis identified that clofibric acid was present in the plasma of the clofibrate-fed sow（~4.2 μg/m L）and its offspring（~1.5 μg/m L）. Furthermore, the maternal-fed clofibrate had no impact on the liver weight of the pigs at 0 h and 24 h, but hepatic fatty acid oxidation examined in fresh homogenates showed that clofibrate increased（P 〈 0.01）^14c-accumulation in cO2 and acid soluble products 2.9-fold from [1-^14c]-oleic acid and 1.6-fold from[1-^14c]-lignoceric acid respectively. correspondingly, clofibrate increased fetal hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase（cPT）and acyl-co A oxidase（AcO） activities by 36% and 42% over controls（P 〈 0.036）. The m RNA abundance of cPT I was 20-fold higher in pigs exposed to clofibrate（P 〈 0.0001） but no differences were detected for AcO and PPARα m RNA between the two ***： These data demonstrate that dietary clofibrate is absorbed by the sow, crosses the placental membrane, and enters fetal circulation to induce hepatic fatty acid oxidation by increasing the cPT and AcO activities of the newborn.

关键词： clofibrate Fatty acid oxidation Pigs Placenta transfer

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