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Environmentally applied nucleic acids and proteins for purposes of engineering changes to genes and other genetic material

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Biosafety and Health 2019年第3期1卷 113-123页

作者： jack a.heinemann Sophie Walker Centre for Integrated Research in Biosafety and School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand Defence Technology Agency AucklandNew Zealand

In this article we summarize the development of vehicles for penetrating living cells,tissue and organisms with nucleic acids(DNA and RNA)and proteins that damage or repair *** purpose in doing so is to provide an assessment of the potential for these technologies to unintentionally cause harm to human health or the environment or to be retasked with an intention to cause *** new types of biological-molecule-based products are being developed for use in medicine,agriculture and food production or *** first type are genetically modified organisms,such as those that express *** produce molecules and that are difficult to alter at scale after *** of this type are usually evaluated by both food and environmental *** second type comprises topical chemical or physical *** of these are in pre-commercial testing *** applied products use nucleic acids and/or proteins wherein the active biological is transferred by contact,ingestion or *** a survey of the research and patent literature we suggest that chemical formulations and physical manipulations that can be used to ferry nucleic acid and protein cargo into cells,tissues or organisms could be assembled de novo or repurposed from existing commercial products and loaded with proteins and/or nucleic acids designed using publicly available genome *** actives may evade risk assessment and regulatory review because they are often excluded from the category of hazardous chemicals and are actively being excluded as agents of genetic *** emerging gap in oversight could lead to either dual use appropriation or unintended harm to human health or the environment.

关键词： RNAi Genome editing Penetration technologies Ecosystem engineering Transient expression Parental RNAi Topical dsRNA

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The role of emerging organic contaminants in the development of antimicrobial resistance

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 160-171页

作者： Izzie Alderton Barry R.Palmer jack a.heinemann Isabelle Pattis Louise Weaver Maria J.Gutierrez-Gines Jacqui Horswell Louis A.Tremblay Institute of Environmental Science&Research(ESR) New Zealand School of Health Sciences Massey UniversityWellingtonNew Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand Cawthron Institute NelsonNew Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)threatens human and ecological health *** major changes occur across the human,animal and environmental sectors,the problem will continue to *** important component of AMR that deserves greater attention is the influence of emerging organic contaminants(EOCs)e ubiquitous compounds found,amongst others,in pharmaceuticals,personal care products,food,industrial and agricultural products,plastics and building *** are widely used and can accumulate in the environment from varied sources,predominantly via waste *** can interact with microbial communities potentially leading to the emergence and spread of *** and pharmaceuticals have been demonstrated to promote AMR *** resistance is a multi-faceted problem that requires input from all sectors,with robust strategies and policies needed to make headway with solving the issues of this important threat.

关键词： Resistance transfer Mechanisms of resistance Antimicrobial pollutants Antibiotics Personal care products Pharmaceuticals

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