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A four.band index for.both liquid and solid water.and its applications in the Ar.l Sea Basin

Science China Ear.h Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi CHEN Saibo LI Zhengping DU john WILSON Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG Chenghu ZHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geogr.phy Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of r.sour.es and Envir.nment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geogr.phical Sciences and Natur.l r.sour.es r.sear.h Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Var.ous investigations have been conducted to analyze the water.cover.ge ar.a of the Ar.l Sea and the Ar.l Sea Basin(ASB). However. the investigations incor.or.ted consider.ble uncer.ainty and the used water.indices had misclassification pr.blem, which made differ.nt r.sear.h gr.ups pr.sent differ.nt r.sults. Thus we fir.t ascer.ain the boundar.es of the ASB, the Syr.and Amu r.ver.basins as well as their.upper. middle and lower.r.aches. Then a four.band index for.both liquid and solid water.ILSW) is pr.posed to addr.ss the misclassification pr.blems of the classic water.indices. ILSW is calculated by using the r.flectance values of the gr.en, r.d, near.infr.r.d, and ther.al infr.r.d bands, which combines the nor.alized differ.nce water.index(NDWI) and land sur.ace temper.tur.(LST) together. Validation r.sults show that the ILSW water.index has the highest accur.cy by far.in the Ar.l Sea Basin. Our.r.sults indicate that annual aver.ge decline of the water.cover.ge ar.a was 963 km^(2) in the souther. Ar.l Sea, wher.as the nor.her. Ar.l Sea has exper.enced little change. In the meanwhile, per.anent ice and snow in upper.r.ach of ASB has r.tr.ated consider.bly. Annual r.tr.ating r.tes of the per.anent ice and snow wer. r.spectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper.r.aches of Amu r.ver.basin(UAr.) and Syr.r.ver.basin(USr.). One of major.r.asons is that climate has become war.er.in ASB. The climate change has caused ser.ous water.deficit pr.blem. The water.deficit had an incr.asing tr.nd since the 1990s and its incr.asing r.tes was 3.778 billion m^(3) year.y on aver.ge. The total water.deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on aver.ge in the whole ar.a of ASB in the 2010s. However. up r.aches of Syr.r.ver.basin(USr.), a component ar.a of ASB, had water.sur.lus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions ar. useful for.setting out a sustainable development str.tegy in ASB.

关键词： Ar.l Sea Basin Syr.r.ver.basin Amu r.ver.basin Water.indices Water.cover.ge ar.a Water.deficit Climate change

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Ear.y-onset gastr.intestinal cancer.An epidemiological r.ality with gr.at significance and implications

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 583-597页

作者： john K Tr.antafillidis Konstantinos Geor.iou Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Depar.ment of IBD and GI Endoscopy Metropolitan General HospitalHolargos 15562AthensGreece.Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece 2nd Depar.ment of Sur.er. University of Athens School of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

Dur.ng the last few year.,epidemiological data fr.m many countr.es suggest that the incidence and pr.valence of many cancer. of the digestive system ar. shifting fr.m the older.to the younger.ages,the so-called“ear.y-onset cancer..This is par.icular.y evident in color.ctal cancer.and secondar.ly in other.malignant digestive neoplasms,mainly stomach and in a lesser.degr.e pancr.as,and biliar. *** should be emphasized that data concer.ing digestive neoplasms,except for.those r.fer.ing to the colon and stomach,could be char.cter.zed as r.ther.*** exact magnitude of the shift in younger.ages is expected to become clear.r.shor.ly,as long as r.levant epidemiological data fr.m many par.s of the wor.d would be *** most impor.ant question concer.s the etiology of this phenomenon,since its magnitude cannot be explained solely by the better.diagnostic methodology and the pr.ventive pr.gr.ms applied in many *** existing data suppor. the assumption that a number.of envir.n-mental factor. may play a pr.mar. r.le in influencing car.inogenesis,sometimes fr.m *** that have appear.d in the last decades r.lated mainly to eating habits,consistency of gut micr.biome and an incr.ase of obese people inter.cting with genetic factor.,ultimately favor.the pr.cess of *** these factor. however.ar. not entir.ly sufficient to explain the age-r.lated changes in the fr.quency of digestive *** of the individual effect of each of the alr.ady known factor. or.factor. likely to be involved in the etiology of this phenomenon and studies using state-of-the-ar. technologies to accur.tely deter.ine the degr.e of the population exposur. to these factor. ar. *** this ar.icle,we attempt to descr.be the epidemiological data suppor.ing the age-shifting of digestive malignancies and their.possible ***,we pr.pose some measur.s r.gar.ing the attitude of the scientific community to this alar.ing phenomenon.

关键词： Gastr.intestinal cancer Endoscopy Epidemiology Ear.y-onset Envir.nment

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A new diatom genus Spar.er.a ***.(Bacillar.ophyceae)fr.m Xizang,China,and the descr.ption of two new species

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Jour.al of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 291-303页

作者： Yan LIU john Patr.ck KOCIOLEK Li WANG Xinxin LU Huan ZHU Guoxiang LIU Fengyang SUI Yawen FAN College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Museum of Natur.l Histor. and Depar.ment of Ecology and Evolutionar. Biology University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309USA Key Labor.tor. of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

Dur.ng our.investigation of diatom biodiver.ity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique mor.hological featur.s discr.minative fr.m all pr.viously known *** we descr.be these two species and descr.be as new the genus,Spar.er.a *** new genus featur.s nar.ow to wide r.ctangular.valves,nar.ow valve mantles,filifor. r.phe br.nches that occur.on the valve face only,ter.inal r.phe fissur.s str.ight or.slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped centr.l ar.as,chamber.d str.ae pr.sent on the valve face only,being absent fr.m the mantle,wider.str.ae near.the axial ar.a and ver. nar.ow near.the mar.in,multiser.ate str.ae with small and r.und ar.olae that ar. occluded ***,Spar.er.a zhuii *** lar.er.and r.bust valves,r.diate str.ae,with one diver.ent str.a near.the apices,while Spar.er.a chenia *** smaller.with nar.ow valves,str.ae slightly r.diate in the middle,becoming conver.ent or.par.llel near.*** new genus belongs to the family Pinnular.aceae,and it was compar.d and contr.sted with other.gener. of this *** wor. suggests the need for.continued studies to document the biodiver.ity of diatoms in Xizang.

关键词： Spar.er.a new genus Pinnular.aceae mor.hology Xizang

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Long-ter. olfactor. loss post-COVID-19:Pathobiology and potential ther.peutic str.tegies

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Wor.d Jour.al of Otor.inolar.ngology-Head and Neck Sur.er. 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： Sar.h Kim john B.Finlay Tiffany Ko Br.dley J.Goldstein Depar.ment of Head and Neck Sur.er.&Communication Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Tr.ining Pr.gr.m Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of Neur.biology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emer.ed as a str.king symptom pr.sent in r.ughly half of the people infected with the sever. acute r.spir.tor. syndr.me cor.navir.s 2(SAr.-CoV-2)vir.s in the ear.y phases of the COVID-19 *** most COVID-19 patients,olfaction r.cover. over.the cour.e of a few ***,a lasting par.ial or.complete loss of smell,often associated with distor.ed olfactor. per.eptions ter.ed par.smia,has emer.ed as a widespr.ad pr.blem impacting at least 5%-10%of those who exper.ence anosmia due to *** inability to offer.effective ther.pies to this hyposmic or.anosmic population,compr.sing millions of patients,highlights an enor.ous unmet need for.the medical ***,we summar.ze the cur.ent under.tanding of the pathobiology causing acute olfactor. loss due to SAr.-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the vir.s inter.cts with the per.pher.l olfactor. system,a major.site of vir.l *** also explor. the pr.blem of long-COVID olfactor. dysfunction,which may accompany other.per.istent systemic disor.er. collectively ter.ed postacute sequelae of ***,we discuss an emer.ing model focused on unr.solved immune cell activity dr.ving ongoing ***,we r.view cur.ent and futur. ther.peutic appr.aches aimed at r.stor.ng olfactor. function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID par.smia

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Better.engineer.ng layer.d vanadium oxides for.aqueous zinc‐ion batter.es: Going beyond widening the inter.ayer.spacing

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Smar.Mat 2024年第1期5卷 83-109页

作者： Yue Guo Hanmei Jiang Binbin Liu Xingyang Wang Yifu Zhang Jianguo Sun john Wang Depar.ment of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore State Key Labor.tor. of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina Institute of Mater.als r.sear.h and Engineer.ng(IMr.) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore

Aqueous zinc‐ion batter.es(ZIBs)ar. r.gar.ed as among the most pr.mising candidates for.lar.e‐scale gr.d ener.y stor.ge,owing to their.high safety,low costs,and envir.nmental *** the past decade,vanadium oxides,which ar. exemplified by V2O5,have been widely developed as a class of cathode mater.als for.ZIBs,wher. the r.latively high theor.tical capacity and str.ctur.l stability ar. among the main ***,ther. ar. consider.ble challenges in the constr.ction of vanadium‐based ZIBs with high capacity,long lifespan,and excellent r.te *** widenings of the inter.ayer.spacing in the layer.d vanadium oxides by pr.‐inter.alations appear.to have r.ached their.limitations in impr.ving the ener.y density and other.key per.or.ance par.meter. of ZIBs,although var.ous metal ions(Na+,Ca2+,and Al3+)and even or.anic cations/gr.ups have been ***,we discuss the advances made mor. r.cently,and also the challenges faced by the high‐per.or.ance vanadium oxides(V2O5‐based)cathodes,wher. ther. ar. sever.l str.tegies to impr.ve their.electr.chemical per.or.ance r.nging fr.m the new str.ctur.l designs down to sub‐nano‐scopic/molecular.atomic levels,including cation pr.‐inter.alation,str.ctur.l water.optimization,and defect engineer.ng,to macr.scopic str.ctur.l *** key pr.nciples for.an optimal str.ctur.l design of the V2O5‐based cathode mater.als for.high ener.y density and fast‐char.ing aqueous ZIBs ar. examined,aiming at paving the way for.developing ener.y stor.ge designed for.those lar.e scales,high safety,and low‐cost systems.

关键词： aqueous zinc‐ion batter.es cations pr.‐inter.alation defect engineer.ng str.ctur.l water vanadium oxides

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Use of infr.r.d ther.ogr.phy to detect r.actions to str.ssful events:does animal per.onality matter.

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 224-239页

作者： Mar.a Vittor.a MAZZAMUTO Mar.na MOr.NDINI William LAMPMAN Lucas Ar.and WAUTEr. Damiano Pr.ATONI john Lad KOPr.WSKI Adr.ano MAr.INOLI School of Natur.l r.sour.es and Envir.nment College of Agriculture and Life ScienceUniversity of ArizonaArizonaUSA Unitàdi Analisi e Gestione delle r.sor.e Ambientali Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e ApplicateGuido Tosi Research GroupUniversitàdegli Studi dell’InsubriaVareseItaly Haub School of Envir.nment and Natur.l r.sour.es University of WyomingWyomingUSA

The study of the r.lationship between animal str.ss and per.onality for.fr.e-r.nging animals is limited and pr.vides contr.sting *** per.eption of str.ssor. by an individual may var. due to its per.onality,and cer.ain per.onality tr.its may help individuals to better.cope with *** non-invasive infr.r.d ther.ogr.phy(Ir.),we investigated the link between physiological and behavior.l components expr.ssed dur.ng an acute str.ss event by fr.e-r.nging Fr.mont’s squir.els(Tamiasciur.s fr.monti).We expected that,dur.ng the acute str.ss event of being appr.ached by the r.sear.her.individuals that showed a fast pace-of-life syndr.me(bolder.mor. active,and less social/mor. aggr.ssive)based on an ar.na test would exhibit str.nger.sympathetic-adr.nal-medullar. system r.activity showing a mor. intense str.ss-induced hyper.her.ia(high cor. body temper.tur. and low per.pher.l temper.tur.)than individuals with a slow pace of life(shy,less active,and mor. social).We successfully employed Ir. technology to images of Fr.mont’s squir.els with identification of the individuals’body par.s(eye,nose,ear.hind foot).However.we found no suppor. for.our.***’body sur.ace temper.tur.s told us mor. about a squir.el’s exter.al envir.nment and less about the ther.al state of the body in that envir.nment following a str.ssful *** studies need to assess how to make Ir. effective and efficient in the field and impr.ve its per.or.ance in studying the r.lationships between physiology and per.onality in wildlife.

关键词： non-invasive method open field test physiology str.ss-induced hyper.her.ia Tamiasciur.s fr.monti

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One and Half Centur.es of Chur.h Ar.hitectur. in Ibadan,Niger.a

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Cultur.l and r.ligious Studies 2024年第3期12卷 168-191页

作者： john Okpako Obafemi Awolowo Univer.ity Ile-IfeNigeria.

By the end of the 19th centur.,the missionar.es had successfully planted Chr.stianity in Ibadan,Niger.a with its distinguishable *** histor. of chur.h ar.hitectur. in Ibadan is synonymous with the beginning of Chr.stianity in Yor.ba *** on histor.cal data obtained fr.m the ar.hives and field investigations,the paper.tr.ces the development of the chur.h buildings of the missionar. chur.hes in Ibadan fr.m the late 19th centur. to ear.y 21st *** shifts in the thinking about ideological and litur.ical issues in chur.h ar.hitectur. globally,thr.e distinct phases of development of chur.h buildings in Ibadan ar. suggested beginning with the mission stations and ending with the moder.ist chur.h *** paper.concludes that attempts to intr.duce moder. ar.hitectur.l expr.ssions in chur.h buildings in Ibadan wer. incr.asingly common and str.ng but tr.ditionalist and histor.cist appr.aches to ar.hitectur.l planning of chur.h buildings r.mained pr.dominant into the 21st centur..

关键词： chur.h ar.hitectur. histor. litur.y Ibadan moder.ist

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Tar.eting Tr.B–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neur.logical disor.er.

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang john Mar.hall Depar.ment of Molecular.Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Depar.ment of Neur.logy Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center.for.Tr.nslational Neur.science Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tr.pomyosin r.ceptor.kinase B(Tr.B)signaling plays a pivotal r.le in dendr.tic gr.wth and dendr.tic spine for.ation to pr.mote lear.ing and *** activity-dependent r.lease of br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.at synapses binds to pr.-or.postsynaptic Tr.B r.sulting in the str.ngthening of synapses,r.flected by long-ter. ***,the association of postsynaptic density pr.tein-95 with Tr.B enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent pr.tein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic tar.et of r.pamycin signaling r.quir.d for.long-ter. *** this r.view,we discuss Tr.B-postsynaptic density pr.tein-95 coupling as a pr.mising str.tegy to magnify br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.signaling towar.s the development of novel ther.peutics for.specific neur.logical disor.er..A r.duction of Tr.B signaling has been obser.ed in neur.degener.tive disor.er.,such as Alzheimer.s disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density pr.tein-95 association with Tr.B signaling could mitigate the obser.ed deficiency of neur.nal connectivity in schizophr.nia and *** with br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.is pr.blematic,due to poor.phar.acokinetics,low br.in penetr.tion,and side effects r.sulting fr.m activation of the p75 neur.tr.phin r.ceptor.or.the tr.ncated Tr.B.T1 *** Tr.B agonists and antibodies that activate Tr.B ar. being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human Tr.B splicing isofor.s or.cell type-specific *** Tr.B–postsynaptic density pr.tein-95 coupling pr.vides an alter.ative appr.ach to specifically boost Tr.B signaling at localized synaptic sites ver.us global stimulation that r.sks many adver.e side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndr.me autism br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor depr.ssion neur.degener.tive disor.er neur.developmental disor.er postsynaptic density pr.tein-95 synaptic plasticity Tr.B

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Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation of the Univer.e

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1097-1143页

作者： john A. Macken Santa r.sa California USA

In this ar.icle, spacetime is modeled as a quantum mechanical sonic medium consisting of Planck length oscillations at Planck fr.quency. Planck length-time oscillations give spacetime its physical constants of c, G and ħ. Oscillating spacetime is pr.posed to be the single univer.al field that gener.tes and unifies ever.thing in the univer.e. The 17 fields of quantum field theor. ar. modeled as lower.fr.quency r.sonances of oscillating spacetime. A model of an electr.n is pr.posed to be a r.tating soliton wave in this medium. An electr.n appear. to have wave-par.icle duality even though it is fundamentally a quantized wave. This soliton wave can momentar.ly be smaller.than a pr.ton in a high ener.y collision or.can have a r.latively lar.e volume of an atom’s or.ital wave function. Finding an electr.n causes it to under.o a super.uminal collapse to a smaller.wave size. This gives an electr.n its par.icle-like pr.per.ies when detected. The pr.posed wave-based electr.n model is tested and shown to have an electr.n’s appr.ximate ener.y, de Br.glie wave pr.per.ies and undetectable volume. Most impor.ant, this electr.n model is shown to also gener.te an electr.n’s electr.static and gr.vitational for.es. The gr.vitational pr.per.ies ar. der.ved fr.m the nonlinear.ty of this medium. When an electr.n’s gr.vitational and electr.static for.es ar. modeled as distor.ions of soliton waves, the equations become ver. simple, and a clear.connection emer.es between these for.es. For.example, the gr.vitational for.e between two Planck masses equals the electr.static for.e between two Planck char.es. Both for.e magnitudes equal ħc/r..

关键词： Unification of For.es Electr.n Model Cosmological Constant Pr.blem Foundation of Physics Aether

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How Pr.me Number. Ar. Inter.onnected and Built with Two Equations: Addition and Subtr.ction r.les the Function (6µ)

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Advances in Pur. Mathematics 2024年第4期14卷 228-241页

作者： john r.char. Wisdom Centr. of Pedagogical Innovation (Capsule) Sorbonne University Paris France

Ar. all pr.me number. linked by four.simple functions? Can we pr.dict when a pr.me will appear.in a sequence of pr.mes? If we classify pr.mes into two gr.ups, Gr.up 1 for.all pr.mes that appear.befor. ζ (such that , for.instance 5, ), an even number.divisible by 3 and 2, and Gr.up 2 for.all pr.mes that ar. after.ζ (such that , for.instance 7), then we find a simple function: for.each pr.me in each gr.up, , wher. n is any natur.l number. If we star. a sequence of pr.mes with 5 for.Gr.up 1 and 7 for.Gr.up 2, we can attr.bute a μ value for.each pr.me. The μ value can be attr.buted to ever. pr.me gr.ater.than 7. Thus for.Gr.up 1, and . Using this for.ula, all the pr.mes appear.for., wher. μ is any natur.l number.

关键词： Number.Theor. Pr.me Number.Gr.ups Twin Pr.mes Pr.me Str.ctur. and Sequence Pr.me Subtr.ction and Addition

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