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Deciphering Water Oxidation Catalysts:The Dominant Role of Surface Chemistry over Reconstruction Degree in Activity Promotion

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 340-354页

作者： Li An jianyi Li Yuanmiao Sun jiamin Zhu justin Zhu Yeow Seow Hong Zhang Nan Zhang Pinxian Xi Zhichuan j.xu Chun‑Hua Yan State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceFrontiers Science Center for Rare IsotopesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Institute of Technology for Carbon NeutralityShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Materials and Devices National Center for International Research On Photoelectric and Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials and EnergyElectron Microscopy CenterYunnan UniversityKunming 650091People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare EarthsBaotou 014030People’s Republic of China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsPKU‑HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic ChemistryPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China

Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution *** surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity ***,a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO_(3)is *** substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction ***_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.00,0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00)*** reconstructed LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based ***,density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level,which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term ***,it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction *** effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface *** finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Perovskite oxides Doping Activation and reconstruction

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From Two-Phase to Three-Phase: The New Electrochemical Interface by Oxide Electrocatalysts

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第1期10卷 74-76页

作者： Zhichuan j.xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Solar Fuels Lab Nanyang Technological University Energy Research Institute NTU (ERIN) Nanyang Technological University

Electrochemical reactions typically occur at the interface between a solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte. The charge exchange behaviour between these two phases determines the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. In the past few years, significant advances have been made in the development of metal oxide electrocatalysts for fuel cell and electrolyser reactions. However, considerable gaps remain in the fundamental understanding of the charge transfer pathways and the interaction between the metal oxides and the conducting substrate on which they are located. In particular, the electrochemical interfaces of metal oxides are significantly different from the traditional(metal) ones, where only a conductive solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte are considered. Oxides are insulating and have to be combined with carbon as a conductive *** electrode configuration results in a three-phase electrochemical interface, consisting of the insulating oxide, the conductive carbon, and the liquid electrolyte. To date, the mechanistic insights into this kind of non-traditional electrochemical interface remain unclear. Consequently conventional electrochemistry concepts, established on classical electrode materials and their two-phase interfaces, are facing challenges when employed for explaining these new electrode materials.

关键词： Electrochemistry Interface Oxides Carbon Electrocatalyst

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Frozen Landweber Iteration for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2007年第2期23卷 329-336页

作者： j.xu B.Han L.Li Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

In this paper we propose a modification of the Landweber iteration termed frozen Landweber iteration for nonlinear ill-posed problems. A convergence analysis for this iteration is presented. The numerical performance of this frozen Landweber iteration for a nonlinear Hammerstein integral equation is compared with that of the Landweber iteration. We obtain a shorter running time of the frozen Landweber iteration based on the same convergence accuracy.

关键词： Ill-posed problem regularization Landweber iteration

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Are blockchains immune to all malicious attacks?

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Financial Innovation 2016年第1期2卷 319-327页

作者： jennifer j.xu Bentley University WalthamMA 02452USA

Background:In recent years,blockchain technology has attracted considerable *** records cryptographic transactions in a public ledger that is difficult to alter and compromise because of the distributed *** a result,blockchain is believed to resist fraud and ***:This work explores the types of fraud and malicious activities that can be prevented by blockchain technology and identifies attacks to which blockchain remains ***:This study recommends appropriate defensive measures and calls for further research into the techniques for fighting malicious activities related to blockchains.

关键词： Blockchain Online malicious attacks Fraud detection Hacking prevention

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Shear velocity structure of crust and uppermost mantle in China from surface wave tomography using ambient noise and earthquake data

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Earthquake Science 2013年第5期26卷 267-281页

作者： Zhen j.xu Xiaodong Song Sihua Zheng Department of Geology University of Illinois Institute of Geophysics and Geodynamics School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration

We present a 3D model of shear velocity of crust and upper mantle in China and surrounding regions from surface wave tomography. We combine dispersion measurements from ambient noise correlation and traditional earthquake data. The stations include the China National Seismic Network, global networks, and all the available PASSCAL stations in the region over the years. The combined data sets provide excellent data coverage of the region for surface wave measurements from 8 to 120 s, which are used to invert for 3D shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to about 150 kin. We also derive new models of the study region for crustal thickness and averaged S velocities for upper, mid, and lower crust and the uppermost mantle. The models provide a fundamental data set for understanding continental dynamics and evolution. The tomography results reveal significant features of crust and upper mantle structure, including major basins, Moho depth variation, mantle velocity contrast between eastern and western North China Craton, widespread low-velocity zone in mid- crust in much of the Tibetan Plateau, and clear velocity contrasts of the mantle lithosphere between north and southern Tibet with significant E-W variations. The low velocity structure in the upper mantle under north and eastern TP correlates with surface geological boundaries. A patch of high velocity anomaly is found under the eastern part of the TP, which may indicate intact mantle lithosphere. Mantle lithosphere change from the western to The Tanlu Fault appears boundary. shows striking systematic eastern North China Craton. to be a major lithosphere

关键词： Surface wave tomography China Ambient noise Tibetan Plateau North China Craton

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Transition metal oxides for water oxidation: All about oxyhydroxides?

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Science China Materials 2020年第1期63卷 3-7页

作者： Zhichuan j.xu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Energy Research Institute NTU ERI NInterdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Solar Fuels Lab Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore Singapore 138602Singapore

To realize a sustainable hydrogen energy infrastructure,techniques to produce hydrogen gas without involving fossil fuels are *** has been proposed in last century that producing hydrogen gas by splitting water could ... 详细信息

关键词：氧化物催化剂过渡金属氧化物活性表面氢氧化物析氧反应表面重构电解水催化剂表面

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Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 579-601页

作者： Wenhao Sun Zihao Song Zhenxing Feng Yaqin Huang Zhichuan j.xu Yi-Chun Lu Qingli Zou State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Republic of Singapore School of Chemical Biologicaland Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low ***,critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and sluggish redox kinetics limit the practical application of Li-S *** nitrides(C_(x)N_(y)),represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),provide new opportunities for overcoming these *** a graphene-like structure and high pyridinic-N content,g-C_(3)N_(4) can effectively immobilize LiPSs and enhance the redox kinetics of S *** addition,its structure and properties including electronic conductivity and catalytic activity can be regulated by simple methods that facilitate its application in Li-S ***,the recent progress of applying C_(x)N_(y)-based materials including the optimized g-C_(3)N_(4),g-C_(3)N_(4)-based composites,and other novel C_(x)N_(y) materials is systematically reviewed in Li-S batteries,with a focus on the structure-activity *** limitations of existing C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are identified,and the perspectives on the rational design of advanced C_(x)N_(y)-based materials are provided for high-performance Li-S batteries.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur batteries Carbon nitride Polysulfide conversion Shuttle effect Anode protection

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The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey. Ⅷ. 116 Binary Pulsars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第1期 77-109页

作者： P.F.Wang j.L.Han Z.L.Yang T.Wang C.Wang W.Q.Su j.xu D.j.Zhou Yi Yan W.C.jing N.N.Cai j.P.Yuan R.X.xu H.G.Wang X.P.You National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Astronomy Peking University Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Materials ScienceGuangzhou University School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest University

Finding pulsars in binaries is important for measurements of the masses of neutron stars (NSs),for tests of gravity theories,and for studies of star *** are carrying out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey (GPPS by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST).Here we present the Keplerian parameters for 116 newly discovered pulsars in the FAST GPPS survey and obtain timing solutions for 29 pulsars Companions of these pulsars are He white dwarfs (WDs),CO/ONe WDs,NSs,main sequence stars and ultra ligh objects or even *** observations uncover eclipses of eight binary *** optical counterpart for th companion of PSR j1908+1036 is *** Post-Keplerian parameter ■ for the double NS systems PSR j0528+3529 and j1844-0128 have been measured,with which the total masses of the binary systems ar determined.

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Heterostructured Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Under Alkaline Conditions

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第4期10卷 339-353页

作者： jumeng Wei Min Zhou Anchun Long Yanming xue Hanbin Liao Chao Wei Zhichuan j.xu College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Anhui Science and Technology University College of Physical Science and Technology and Institute of Optoelectronic Technology Yangzhou University School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore 1 CREATE Way Solar Fuels Laboratory Nanyang Technological University Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological University

The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) is a half-cell reaction in water electrolysis for producing hydrogen gas. In industrial water electrolysis, the HER is often conducted in alkaline media to achieve higher stability of the electrode materials. However, the kinetics of the HER in alkaline medium is slow relative to that in acid because of the low concentration of protons in the *** the latter conditions, the entire HER process will require additional effort to obtain protons by water dissociation near or on the catalyst surface. Heterostructured catalysts, with fascinating synergistic effects derived from their heterogeneous interfaces, can provide multiple functional sites for the overall reaction process. At present, the activity of the most active known heterostructured catalysts surpasses(platinum-based heterostructures) or approaches (noble-metal-free heterostructures) that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst under alkaline conditions, demonstrating an infusive potential to break through the bottlenecks. This review summarizes the most representative and recent heterostructured HER catalysts for alkaline medium. The basics and principles of the HER under alkaline conditions are first introduced, followed by a discussion of the latest advances in heterostructured catalysts with/without noblemetal-based heterostructures. Special focus is placed on approaches for enhancing the reaction rate by accelerating the Volmer step. This review aims to provide an overview of the current developments in alkaline HER catalysts, as well as the design principles for the future development of heterostructured nano-or micro-sized electrocatalysts.

关键词： Hybrid catalyst Hydrogen production Water splitting Interface engineering Synergistic effect

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The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey. Ⅶ. Six Millisecond Pulsars in Compact Orbits with Massive White Dwarf Companions

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第1期 66-76页

作者： Z.L.Yang j.L.Han T.Wang P.F.Wang W.Q.Su W.C.Chen C.Wang D.j.Zhou Y.Yan W.C.jing N.N.Cai L.Xie j.xu H.G.Wang R.X.xu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Science Qingdao University of Technology Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Materials ScienceGuangzhou University National Astronomical Data Center Department of Astronomy Peking University

Binary millisecond pulsars with a massive white dwarf （WD） companion are intermediate-mass binary pulsar（IMBPs）.They are formed via the Case BB Roche-lobe overflow evolution channel if they are in compact orbit with an orbital period of less than 1 *** are fairly rare in the known pulsar population;only five such IMBP have been discovered before,and one of them is in a globular *** we report six IMBPs in compact orbits PSRs j0416+5201,j0520+3722,j1919+1341,j1943+2210,j1947+2304 and j2023+2853,discovered during the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope doubling the number of such IMBPs due to the high survey sensitivity in the short survey time of 5 minutes Follow-up timing observations show that they all have either a CO WD or an ONeMg WD companion with a mas greater than about 0.8 M⊙in a very circular orbit with an eccentricity in the order of?*** j0416+5201should be an ONeMg WD companion with a remarkable minimum mass of 1.28 M⊙.These massive WD companions lead to a detectable Shapiro delay for PSRs j0416+5201,j0520+3722,j1943+2210,and j2023+2853,indicating that their orbits are highly *** the measurement of the Shapiro delay,the pulsar mas of j1943+2210 was constrained to be 1.84-0.09+0.11M⊙,and that of PSR j2023+2853 to be 1.28-0.05+0.06M⊙.

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