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青藏高原及其周边奥陶纪综合地层、生物群与古地理演化

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第4期54卷 992-1025页

作者：方翔甄勇毅王光旭魏鑫陈中阳梁艳武学进李文杰李超詹仁斌张元动现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所南京210008 Geological Survey of New South Wales W.B.Clarke Geoscience CentreNSW 2753Australia 中国科学院大学北京100049

青藏高原奥陶系代表该地区未变质沉积地层的最古老记录,是解读该地区早期地质历史和生物演化的关键层段.青藏高原地区奥陶系底部地层存在不同程度的缺失,但具有下奥陶统弗洛阶、中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶,以及上奥陶统桑比阶、凯迪阶和赫南特... 详细信息

青藏高原奥陶系代表该地区未变质沉积地层的最古老记录,是解读该地区早期地质历史和生物演化的关键层段.青藏高原地区奥陶系底部地层存在不同程度的缺失,但具有下奥陶统弗洛阶、中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶,以及上奥陶统桑比阶、凯迪阶和赫南特阶,可划分为喜马拉雅、冈底斯-察隅、羌塘-昌都、松潘-甘孜、喀喇昆仑-昆仑-阿尔金等地层区,并可与周边的滇缅马、印支、柴达木-祁连、塔里木-天山和扬子区(西缘)等地层区进行综合地层对比.笔石、牙形刺和头足类是青藏高原地区奥陶系最常见的、据以构建该地区生物地层框架的化石门类.青藏高原奥陶纪生物群具有鲜明的生物古地理区系特色,其中头足类在早-中奥陶世以珠角石类繁盛为特征,显示与华北板块具有密切亲缘关系,但到晚奥陶世则以喇叭角石和直角石类繁盛为特征,表现出与华南的密切关系.青藏高原的奥陶纪多门类动物群及其生物古地理演化,为冈瓦纳东北缘地区的奥陶纪古板块重建提供了重要依据.西藏南部喜马拉雅地体、拉萨地体及周边的滇缅马地体在寒武纪晚期-奥陶纪早期经历了库尔加克运动,这次影响深远的构造热事件造成了奥陶纪地层与下伏基底地层之间的角度不整合接触关系,这一间断面在青藏高原大部分地区存在.西藏南部中奥陶统发育鲕粒灰岩和暖水生物群,指示当时位于赤道附近的低纬度地带.喜马拉雅地体及滇缅马地体的上奥陶统普遍发育大套具有网纹结构的海相碳酸盐岩红层,可与华南扬子区的同期地层进行对比,二者可能具有相同或相似的成因背景.奥陶纪末全球性冰期与海平面下降事件也造成了滇西和缅甸掸邦等地区普遍缺失凯迪晚期地层,对青藏高原的申扎和聂拉木等地区也有较大影响.

关键词：奥陶系年代地层岩石地层生物地层生物古地理生物和地质事件

由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-Yu Liu Ruizhi Yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus x,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus x-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/Ni system

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： S.Terlicka N.Sobczak Ł.Maj P.Darłak j.j.Sobczak Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop method was applied to the experimental investigation of the wetting and spreading behaviors of liquid Mg drops on pure Ni *** comparison,the experiments were performed in two variants:(1)using the Capillary Purification(CP)procedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a pure oxide-free Mg drop;(2)by classical Contact Heating(CH)*** high-temperature tests were performed under isothermal conditions(CP:760℃for 30 s;CH:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%H_(2) *** the sessile drop tests,images of the Mg/Ni couples were recorded by CCD cameras(57 fps),which were then applied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate *** and transmission electron microscopy analyses,both coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified *** was found that an oxide-free Mg drop obtained by the CP procedure showed a wetting phenomenon on the Ni substrate(an average contact angleθxide film on the Mg surface blocked the spreading of liquid Mg showing apparently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test ***,in both cases,the deep craters formed in the Ni substrates under the Mg drops and significant change in the structure of initially pure Mg drops to Mg-Ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of Ni in liquid Mg and apparent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/Ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys Sessile drop tests Capillary purification procedure Wettability Reactivity Contact angle

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： j.A.Carter M.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman x.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor K.McWilliams j.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-j.Hu M.K.james L.juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester j.Manuel j.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi j.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang j.Weygand j.Wild j.Yan j.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)是解密新生代表层碳循环的潜在钥匙

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第6期54卷 1769-1785页

作者：肖开迅胡修棉蒋璟鑫王家昊南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室地球科学与工程学院南京210023

碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)是海洋中碳酸盐的生成速率与溶解速率达到平衡时的层位,被比作大洋钙质“雪线”.重建深时CCD对于理解海洋环流、海水化学条件、沉积物分布、表层碳循环具有重要意义.本文回顾了CCD的重建方法,综述了新生代以来CCD的... 详细信息

碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)是海洋中碳酸盐的生成速率与溶解速率达到平衡时的层位,被比作大洋钙质“雪线”.重建深时CCD对于理解海洋环流、海水化学条件、沉积物分布、表层碳循环具有重要意义.本文回顾了CCD的重建方法,综述了新生代以来CCD的驱动机制以及与碳循环的关联,并对其研究进行了展望.碳酸盐补偿深度的重建历经半个世纪,从早期的定性方法逐步演变为基于统计回归的定量方法,使得结果更加准确,分辨率更高.研究结果显示新生代以来全球各大洋CCD整体呈现缓慢加深的趋势,在中新世略有变浅. CCD的演化受到海水碳酸盐饱和度的控制,主要由生物作用、大陆风化强度、陆架-洋盆相对面积等因素驱动.在类似古新世-始新世极热事件的气候事件中, CCD表现为脉冲式波动.未来研究应在强调精细化、定量化的基础上进一步结合模型模拟,深入探索CCD与古气候、碳循环之间的关联和响应机制.

关键词：碳酸盐补偿深度新生代碳循环古气候古海洋

使用基于临床和影像学特征的机器学习模型预测接受新辅助化疗的食管鳞状细胞癌病人的病理完全缓解

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国际医学放射学杂志 2024年第1期 128-129页

作者： j.Wang x.Zhu j.Zeng C.Liu W.Shen x.j.Sun 刘莹莹

摘要目的建立基于影像学特征的机器学习模型，以预测食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）病人新辅助化放疗（nCRT）的病理临床缓解（pCR）。方法招募2008年1月—2018年12月期

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Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： Thomas j.Algeo jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of Geosciences University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e. the trigger that leads to various climato-environmental changes, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e. the specific climato-environmental changes that result in elevated biotic mortality. With regard to ultimate causes, strong cases can be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impacts, large igneous province(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have each triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic changes have triggered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical triggers(*** flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With regard to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being associated with climatic warming, ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling, increased marine productivity and higher carbonate δ13C values. Environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show consistent relationships with carbon-cycle *** this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among the Big Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-triggered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises are examples of LIP-triggered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises are examples of bioevolution-triggered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary triggers can result in variable carbon-cycle changes, e.g. carbon burial durin

关键词： biocrisis ultimate cause proximate cause bolide large igneous province bioevolutionary event

Universal Hyperthermal Model for Mass Extinctions

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journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 704-707页

作者： Michael j.Benton Paleobiology Research Group School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolLife Sciences BuildingTyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK

INTRODUCTION Earth scientists have long sought universal features of past extinction *** can be argued that each past extinction event was a singularity,caused by combinations of circumstances that are unique in each case,and therefore that the search for common causes is ***,a key feature of the uniformitarian approach to geology is that past processes are the same as modern-day processes and,with that in mind,earth scientists are keen to use their knowledge to contribute some understanding to the study of the present and future climate crisis.

关键词： extinction singularity Extinction

The Generalized Stackelberg Equilibrium of the Two-Person Stopping Game

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journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2024年第1期12卷 155-168页

作者： Marek Skarupski Krzysztof j.Szajowski Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics Wroclaw University of Science and Technology50-370WrocƚawDolonoslaskiePoland

In modeling the bilateral selection of states of the process,Dynkin(Dokl Akad Nauk USSR 185:241–288,1969)proposed a two-person game in which players use stopping moments as *** purpose of this work is to present a model of the game in which the players have different information about the process itself,as well as various laws to stop the process and accept its *** game model uses the stochastic process apparatus,in particular,the ability to create different filters for the same *** sets of stopping moments based on different filters are not identical,which allows us to model different sets of strategies for *** show that the follower,by observing the behavior of a rational leader,can recover information that is lost due to the lack of complete observation of the state of the *** the competition of two opponents for the maximum of the ***,one of whom has access to full information and the other only knows their relative ranks,we found the generalized Stackelberg *** the priority of a player observing the relative ranks is less than 50%,then that player modifies his strategy based on the behavior of the second *** a player with full information,information about the behavior of the player observing the relative ranks is useless.

关键词： No-zero-sum game Optional stopping Equilibrium Filtration