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Investigating drivers of active nitrification in organic horizons of tropical forest soils

Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第3期5卷 89-99页

作者： Shinichi watanabe Makoto Shibata Yoshiko Kosugi Lion Marryanna Keitaro Fukushima Arief Hartono Shinya Funakawa Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyoto606-8502Japan Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto UniversityKitashirakawa Oiwake-choSakyo-kuKyoto606-8502Japan Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 KepongSelangorMalaysia Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University509-3Hirano 2-chomeOtsu-shiShiga520-2113Japan Faculty of Agriculture Bogor Agricultural UniversityJalan MerantiKampus IPB Darmaga 16680BogorIndonesia

High nitrate leaching has been observed from the O horizons of some tropical forests;however,the drivers of high nitrate production(active nitrification)in these O horizons have not yet been *** study investigated the drivers of active nitrification in the O horizon of tropical forest soils by focusing on two of the most widely recognized controlling factors of nitrification,total N,and *** collected mineral and O horizons from eight tropical forests in Cameroon,Indonesia,and Malaysia and measured gross nitrification *** O horizons showed significantly higher gross nitrification rates than mineral horizons,indicating that these O horizons have a high potential for *** nitrification rates in the O horizons were positively correlated with both total N and pH,and the chemical properties(e.g.,total content of N,P,and base cations)were *** correlations suggested that the underlying driver of nitrification in the O horizon was nutrient richness in the *** also indicated a threshold of gross nitrification rates around pH values of 5.5–*** elucidate that active nitrification and subsequent high nitrate leaching from the O horizon could be driven by nutrient-rich litter,possibly derived from soil fertility and tree species.

关键词： nitrogen dynamics gross nitrification rate organic horizon forest floor acidic soil leguminous trees

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Variation in intergroup encounters among two provisioned free-ranging populations of japanese macaques Macaca fuscata

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 517-524页

作者： Peng ZHANG Kunio watanabe Anthropology Department Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China Primate Research Institute Kyoto UniversityJapan

Typically, japanese macaques are thought to avoid encountering other groups wherever possible. Intergroup relations between macaques on Shodoshima Island, however, appear exceptional. We show that neighboring groups of Shodoshima monkeys spent 32.8% of their active time in proximity to (jigokudani (6.1 min, 0.02 times/hour,n=14). Since both populations have similar provisioning and ecological conditions, such variation cannot be explained by the socioecology model alone. Compared with other populations of japanese macaques, intergroup relations of Shodoshima monkeys are also characterized by more frequent neutral encounters, less frequent agonistic encounters, more frequent unsuccessful displacement, a lower intensity of aggression, and more frequent counter-aggression between groups. These characteristics suggest that intergroup relationships on Shodoshima Island are more tolerant than those in other japanese macaque populations. This study reveals considerable differences in intergroup encounters within local populations of japanese macaques living in similar environments, and emphasizes the role of social factors in such intra-specific variation.

关键词：猕猴日本自由放养配置种群平均持续时间活动时间生态条件

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Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 60-64页

作者： S. Kida M. Ichiji j. watanabe I. Hirasawa Graduate School of Advanced Sciencel Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan

Au nanoparticles are expected for the media to transfer genes into plants. However, the control of particle size distribution （PSD） and shape of Au nanoparticles is too difficult to design and prepare particles with suitable quality for the gene supporting media. Reduction crystal- lization experiments were performed in aqueous solution in order to clarify the effect of feeding conditions such as feeding profile, feeding rate, and feeding amount on PSD and shape of Au nanopartieles. Ascorbic acid （AsA） was selected as a reducing agent because it is safe for plants. Au particles of 50nm, 50-200nm, and 150-400nm were obtained in batch operation, single-jet, and double-jet, respectively. Moreover, in single-jet and double-jet, the mean size of the obtained Au particles increases with the decrease of feeding rate or the increase of feeding amount. It is concluded that PSD of Au nanoparticles can be controlled in the range of 50-400 nm by changing feeding conditions of AsA and HAuCl4 aqueous solution.

关键词： reduction crystallization particle size distri- bution gene transferring media

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Suction Performance and Internal Flow of a 2-Bladed Helical Inducer with Inlet Asymmetric Plate

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journal of Thermal Science 2013年第5期22卷 395-403页

作者： S.watanabe Y.Uchinono K.Ishizaka A.Furukawa j.-H.Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu University744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Oita National College of Technology Hyosung Goodsprings Co. Ltd.Korea

It has been found in our past studies that the installation of asymmetric plate at the inlet of inducer is effective for the suppression of cavitation surge *** the present study,the suction performance of 2-bladed helical inducer with an inlet asymmetric plate is experimentally *** is observed that the suction performance in large flow rate conditions is not significantly influenced by the asymmetric plate,whereas the head of inducer with the asymmetric plate increases just before the head breakdown in partial flow *** understand the mechanism of this additional head,the flow measurements and the numerical simulations are carried *** is found that the circumferential component of absolute velocity at the exit of inducer slightly increases with the development of cavitation in both cases with and without the inlet asymmetric plate,indicating the increase of the theoretical *** theoretical head increase with the inlet asymmetric plate is also confirmed by the unsteady numerical simulations,suggesting that the additional head is achieved through the increase of the theoretical head with the change of the exiting flow from the inducer associated with some amount of cavitation.

关键词：不对称诱导吸入性能安装板螺旋形非定常数值模拟气蚀现象理论扬程入口处

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Observation of Inception of Sheet Cavitation from Free Nuclei

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journal of Thermal Science 2017年第3期26卷 223-228页

作者： Wakana TSURU Takafumi KONISHI Satoshi watanabe Shin-ichi TSUDA Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu University Japan

Prediction of inception of sheet cavitation on solid walls has been recognized to be very difficult, since it is significantly affected by the boundary layer flow characteristics, the population of free nuclei, the nuclei held in the wall roughness, the amount of dissolved air in liquid and so on. It has not sufficiently been made clear how the inception is affected by the conditions of water qualities and background flow characteristics. In this study, high speed observation of inception of sheet cavity from free nuclei is conducted for a two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzle flow, where the sheet cavity forms just downstream of the nozzle throat. The effects of the amount of dissolved air and the free stream velocity on the inception process of sheet cavitation is examined. In addition, the bubble nuclei density, which is well known to be important factor for cavitation inception, is passively controlled by the filter installed in the tunnel. From the observations, it is confirmed that the nuclei number density significantly affects the formation of sheet cavity rather than the other two parameters. In conditions with large nuclei number density, the sheet cavity does not form, and bubbly cavitation appears instead. In the case with small nuclei number density, the sheet cavity forms from a single flowing nucleus and develops streamwisely and spanwisely. In the conditions with medium nuclei number density, the sheet cavity also forms but is shorter/narrower streamwisely/spanwisely, due to interaction of other nuclei flowing near the formed sheet cavity.

关键词：成穴开始表洞原子核分发溶解空气

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Identification of microbial metabolites that accelerate the ubiquitindependent degradation of c-Myc

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Oncology Research 2023年第5期31卷 655-666页

作者： ZIYU LIU AKIKO OKANO EMIKO SANADA YUSHI FUTAMURA TOSHIHIKO NOGAWA KOSUKE ISHIKAWA KENTARO SEMBA jIANG LI XIAOMENG LI HIROYUKI OSADA NOBUMOTO watanabe Bioprobe Application Research Unit RIKEN CSRSSaitama351-0198Japan Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyo113-8510Japan Chemical Biology Research Group RIKEN CSRSSaitama351-0198Japan Chemical Resource Development Research Unit RIKEN CSRSSaitama351-0198Japan Molecular Structure Characterization Unit RIKEN CSRSSaitama351-0198Japan japan Biological Informatics Consortium(jBIC) Tokyo135-8073Japan Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience School of Advanced Science and EngineeringWaseda UniversityTokyo162-8480Japan Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushima960-1295Japan Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of ShizuokaShizuoka422-8526Japan

Myc belongs to a family of proto-oncogenes that encode transcription *** overexpression of c-Myc causes many types of ***,we established a system for screening c-Myc inhibitors and identified antimycin A by screening the RIKEN NPDepo chemical *** specific mechanism of promoting tumor cell metastasis by high c-Myc expression remains to be *** this study,we screened approximately 5,600 microbial extracts using this system and identified a broth prepared from Streptomyces ***19-A0402 strongly inhibits c-Myc transcriptional *** purification of the hit broth,we identified compounds closely related to the aglycone of cytovaricin and had a structure similar to that of oligomycin *** to oligomycin A,the hit compounds inhibited mitochondrial complex *** mitochondria dysfunction caused by the compounds induced the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the ROS activated GSK3α/βthat phosphorylated c-Myc for *** study provides a successful screening strategy for identifying natural products as potential c-Myc inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.

关键词： High-throughput screening Phosphorylation Reactive oxygen species

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Genesis of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu Polymetallic Deposit at Yushu, China: Evidence from Ore Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusions

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 486-500页

作者： LI Huan XI Xiaoshuang WU Chengming Koichiro watanabe Department of Earth Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University MOE Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous Metal Ore Forecast School of Geosciences and Info-physics Central South University

The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu deposit are divided into two categories： sulfide-type and oxide-type. The sulfide-type ore include siderite ore, galena-sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide-type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary-exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the j13CpDB ranges from -2.01 to 3.34 （%0） whereas the jISOsMow ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 （%0）. The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181~C, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCI eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature - low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2-Ca2＋（Na＋, K＋）-SO42- （F-, CI--H20 system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex-type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant.

关键词： exhalative sedimentary deposit (SEDEX) fluid inclusions ore geochemistry Zhaokalong,Sanjiang ore belt

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Emergence of correlations in twisted monolayer-trilayer graphene heterostructures

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中国物理B:英文版 2023年第9期32卷 74-78页

作者：周璋 Kenji watanabe Takashi Taniguchi 林晓毛金海高鸿钧 School of Physical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Advanced Materials Laboratory National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305-0044Japan Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Twisted bilayer graphene heterostructures have recently emerged as a well-established platform for studying strongly correlated phases,such as correlated insulating,superconducting,and topological *** this notion to twisted multilayer graphene heterostructures has exhibited more diverse correlated phases,as some fundamental properties related to symmetry and band structures are correspondingly ***,we report the observations of correlated states in twisted monolayer-trilayer(Bernal stacked)graphene *** phases at integer fillings of the moire unit cell are revealed at a high displacement field and stabilized with a moderate magnetic field on the electron-doping side at a twist angle of 1.45°,where the lift of degeneracy at the integer fillings is observed in the Landau fan *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of moire engineering in an extended structure and provide insights into electric-field tunable correlated phases.

关键词： twisted multilayer graphene correlated states electric tuning

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Switching of K-Q intervalley trions fine structure and their dynamics in n-doped monolayer WS_(2)

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2023年第4期6卷 28-37页

作者： jiajie Pei Xue Liu Andrés Granados delÁguila Di Bao Sheng Liu Mohamed-Raouf Amara Weijie Zhao Feng Zhang Congya You Yongzhe Zhang Kenji watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Han Zhang Qihua Xiong Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceCollege of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Research Center for Functional Materials International Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China.

Monolayer group VI transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have recently emerged as promising candidates for photonic and opto-valleytronic *** optoelectronic properties of these atomically-thin semiconducting crystals are strongly governed by the tightly bound electron-hole pairs such as excitons and trions(charged excitons).The anomalous spin and valley configurations at the conduction band edges in monolayer WS_(2)give rise to even more fascinating valley many-body *** we find that the indirect Q valley in the first Brillouin zone of monolayer WS_(2)plays a critical role in the formation of a new excitonic state,which has not been well *** employing a high-quality h-BN encapsulated WS_(2)field-effect transistor,we are able to switch the electron concentration within K-Q valleys at conduction band ***,a distinct emission feature could be excited at the high electron doping *** feature has a competing population with the K valley trion,and experiences nonlinear power-law response and lifetime dynamics under *** findings open up a new avenue for the study of valley many-body physics and quantum optics in semiconducting 2D materials,as well as provide a promising way of valley manipulation for next-generation entangled photonic devices.

关键词： 2D materials WS_(2) charged excitons trions indirect Q-valley valleytronics

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Proposal of Walking to Prevent a Fall of a Planetary Exploration Legged Rover Using Effect of Loose Soil Caused by a Propagation of Vibration

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journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2021年第3期1卷 153-165页

作者： Tomohiro watanabe Kojiro Iizuka Graduate School of Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of TechnologySaitama City 337-8570Japan Department of Systems and Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of TechnologySaitama City 337-8570Japan

In this study,a walking method that prevents a fall of the planetary exploration-legged rover is *** the proposed walking method,the leg is sunk by giving vibration to the *** posture of the rover is changed to prevent a fall of the rover by sinking the ***,the relationship between the kind of vibration and the subsidence of the leg is *** this experimental result,the leg is shown to be easy to sink to the ground by giving ***,the larger the vibratory force is,the easier the leg sinks to the ***,the legged testbed walks on the loose ground with a slope using the proposed walking *** this experimental result,the testbed is difficult to fall down when it uses the proposed ***,the angle of a slope that the testbed can walk becomes large by using the proposed walking.

关键词： planetary exploration legged rover fall prevention loose ground vibration

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