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iGluR expression in the hippocampal formation, entorhinal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2197-2199页

作者： j.son hy yeung Henry j Waldvogel Richard LM Faull Andrea Kwakowsky Centre for Brain Research Department of Anatomy and Medical ImagingFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)constitutes the largest proportion of dementia worldwide,with a significant associated medical *** major pathological hallmarks of AD include the gradual accumulation and deposition of amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein(Revett et al.,2013).Whilst investigations centered around the tau and Aβhypothesis have been the main focus for the previous decades,the lack of therapeutic solutions has pushed for research into other potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ tau

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Effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blocker losartan on bone deterioration in orchiectomized male hypertensive and normotensive rats

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Chinese Medical journal 2013年第14期126卷 2661-2665页

作者： ZHANG Ya-feng QIN Ling Timothy CY Kwok Benson hy yeung LI Guo-dong LIU Fan Department of Orthopaedics The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China

Background Epidemiological study showed that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with higher bone mineral density （BMD） in older people, especially male subjects, which suggested that angiotensin II may have a detrimental effect on bone. Therefore, blocking its effect may have a beneficial effect on bone health. Methods Six-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHR） and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats （WKY） were used. Animals of each model were randomly assigned to the following four groups： Group 1, SHAM operated＋vehicle; Group 2, orchidectomy （ORX）＋vehicle; Group 3, ORX＋low-dose Iosartan （10 ***）; and Group 4, ORX＋high-dose Iosartan （25 mg-kg-l.d-1）. Blood pressure was recorded weekly. SHAM and ORX operations were performed, followed by daily Iosartan and vehicle treatment from day 4 after operation for 16 weeks. Serum and 24-hour urine samples were collected for measurement of bone turnover markers before euthanasia and then the left femur was collected for measurements of BMD and microarchitecture before mechanical test. Results Urine deoxypyridinoline/urine creatinine （DPD/Cr） ratio was significantly higher in SHR than in WKY. BMD and microarchitecture parameters also showed bone deterioration in SHR. After ORX, serum osteocalcin concentration decreased and urine DPD/Cr ratio increased significantly accompanied by a significant decrease in cortical and trabecular BMD and cortical bone thickness in both WKY and SHR. High-dose Iosartan significantly increased DPD in urine in both SHR and WKY. Apart from marginal favorable changes in bone architecture in WKY treated with high-dose Iosartan, Iosartan did not show significant effect on BMD, bone area, bone microarchitecture, and mechanical properties in both SHR and WKY. Conclusion Angiotensin II type I receptor blocker Iosartan was not able to demonstrate significant effect on ORX-induced bone deterioration in both hypertensive and normotensive rats.

关键词： angiotensin angiotensin II type I receptor blocker osteoporosis orchidectomy rat

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Lean techniques for the improvement of patients' flow in emergency department

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2014年第1期5卷 24-28页

作者： hy Chan SM Lo LLY Lee WYL Lo WC Yu YF Wu ST Ho RSD yeung jTS Chan Emergency Department Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital

BACKGROUND: Emergency departments(EDs) face problems with overcrowding, access block, cost containment, and increasing demand from patients. In order to resolve these problems, there is rising interest to an approach called "lean" management. This study aims to(1) evaluate the current patient flow in ED,(2) to identify and eliminate the non-valued added process, and(3) to modify the existing ***: It was a quantitative, pre- and post-lean design study with a series of lean management work implemented to improve the admission and blood result waiting time. These included structured re-design process, priority admission triage(PAT) program, enhanced communication with medical department, and use of new high sensitivity troponin-T(hsTnT) blood test. Triage waiting time, consultation waiting time, blood result time, admission waiting time, total processing time and ED length of stay were ***: Among all the processes carried out in ED, the most time consuming processes were to wait for an admission bed(38.24 minutes; SD 66.35) and blood testing result(mean 52.73 minutes, SD 24.03). The triage waiting time and end waiting time for consultation were significantly decreased. The admission waiting time of emergency medical ward(EMW) was significantly decreased from 54.76 minutes to 24.45 minutes after implementation of PAT program(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The application of lean management can improve the patient flow in ED. Acquiescence to the principle of lean is crucial to enhance high quality emergency care and patient satisfaction.

关键词： Lean Triage Waiting time Patient flow Emergency department

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