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Microbial Biomass C,N and P in Disturbed Dry Tropical Forest soils,India

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Pedosphere 2010年第6期20卷 780-788页

作者： j.s.singh D.P.singh A.K.KAsHYAP Department of Environmental science Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University

Variations in microbial biomass C (MB-C),N (MB-N) and P (MB-P) along a gradient of different dominant vegeta- tion covers (natural forest,mixed deciduous forest,disturbed savanna and grassland ecosystems) in dry tropical soils of Vindhyan Plateau,India were studied from january 2005 to December *** water holding capacity,organic C,total N,total P and soil moisture content were comparatively higher in forest soils than in the savanna and grassland *** different study sites the mean annual MB-C,MB-N and MB-P at 0-15 cm soil depth varied from 312.05 ± 4.22 to 653.40 ± 3.17,32.16 ± 6.25 to 75.66 ± 7.21 and 18.94 ± 2.94 to 30.83 ± 23.08 μg g ?1 dry soil,*** all the investigated sites,the maximum MB-C,MB-N and MB-P occurred during the dry period (summer season) and the minimum in wet period (rainy season).In the present study,soil MB-C,MB-N and MB-P were higher at the forest sites compared to savanna and grassland *** differences in MB-C,MB-N and MB-P were significant (P sites and *** MB-C (P sitively correlated with organic C,while the relationship between soil moisture and MB-C,MB-N and MB-P (P spectively) was *** decreasing order of MB-C,MB-N and MB-P along study ecosystems was natural forest > mixed deciduous forest > savanna > *** results suggested that deforestation and land use practices (conversion of forest into savanna and grassland) caused the alterations in soil properties,which as a consequence,led to reduction in soil nutrients and MB-C,MB-N and MB-P in the soil of disturbed sites (grassland and savanna) compared to undisturbed forest ecosystems.

关键词： deciduous forest grassland savanna soil moisture vegetation

Relative effects of different leaf attributes on sapling growth in tropical dry forest

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journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 544-558页

作者： Ravi K.Chaturvedi A.s.Raghubanshi j.s.singh Institute of Environment and sustainable Development Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Ecosystems Analysis laboratory Department of BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India

Aims soil moisture content(sMC)influences establishment,survival and development of plant species and is considered as the most important limiting factor in tropical dry forest(TDF).In this study we attempt to establish the relationship between leaf attributes and of tree saplings in TDF and address the following questions:(i)how are the functional attributes of dominant tree saplings of TDF affected by seasonal changes in sMC at different habitats?,(ii)what is the relationship of functional attributes with each other?,(iii)how are the functional attributes and their plasticity affected by habitat con-ditions?and(iv)can the functional attributes in single or in com-bination predict the growth rate of tree saplings of TDF?The study was conducted on four sites(Hathinala,Gaighat,Harnakachar and Ranitali,listed in order of decreasing sMC)within the tropical dry deciduous forest in northern *** We analysed eight leaf attributes,specific leaf area(sLA);leaf dry matter content(LDMC);leaf nitrogen concentration(leaf N);leaf phosphorus concentration(leaf P);chlorophyll concentration(Chl);mass-based photosynthetic rate(Amass);mass-based stomatal con-ductance(Gsmass);intrinsic water use efficiency(WUEi)and three growth attributes,relative diameter increment(RDI);relative height increment(RHI);relative growth rate(RGR)of the 10 dominant tree saplings(viz.,Acacia catechu,Anogeissus latifolia,Boswellia serrata,Buchanania lanzan,Diospyros melanoxylon,Hardwickia binata,Lagerstroemia parviflora,Lannea coromandelica,shorea robusta and Terminalia tomentosa)of a TDF and observed the effects of site,season and species for a period of 2 *** were selected in gradients of ***-wise multiple regression was performed to predict RDI,RHI and RGR from mean values of sMC and leaf *** Findings All the 11 attributes were interrelated and differed significantly among the 10 *** response varied across sites and *** the sMC g

关键词： tropical dry forest soil moisture content deciduousness tree saplings leaf attributes relative growth rate

Carbon fluxes and species diversity in grazed and fenced typical steppe grassland of Inner Mongolia, China

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journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 10-22页

作者： R.sagar G.Y.Li j.s.singh shiqiang Wan Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India International joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology College of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

Aim Grasslands are dominant vegetation of China,support outstanding biodiversity and sequester bulk amount of atmospheric CO_(2).These grasslands are highly degraded and fragmented due to remarkable anthropogenic and grazing *** Government has made great attempt to restore by grazing *** relations of carbon fluxes with species composition and diversity in the communities sensitive to grazing by large herbivores are needed to be analysed under the global climate change *** objective of present study was to comprehend the effects of grazing and fencing on the ecosystem structure and function of the typical steppe *** To meet the objectives,overgrazed and fenced(since year 2001)sys-tems were selected in typical steppe grassland at the Duolun Restoration Ecology Research station,Inner Mogolia,*** each system,three dominant communities with three replicates were *** each replicate community,three 1×1 m plots,were randomly *** plot was divided into four 50×50 cm quadrats.A total of 216,50×50 cm quadrats were *** each quadrat,number of individuals and above-ground herbaceous biomass for each species,soil respiration(sR),ecosystem respira-tion(ER),net(NEE)as well as gross(GEE)ecosystem CO_(2) exchanges were recorded in june *** were well analysed using statistical *** correspondence analysis showed dif-ferential responses of communities to the structure and function of the typical steppe *** Findings Across the communities,fencing reduced the soil tempera-ture by 12%and at the same time increased the soil moisture by 44.30%,thus,increased the species richness by 28%,evenness by 21%,above-ground biomass by 19%and plant carbon by 20%.Interestingly,fencing increased NEE by 128%,GEE by 77%,sR by 65%and ER by 39%.Under fencing,species composition partially governed the CO_(2) exchange *** Fencing reduces soil temperature and thereby improves specie

关键词： canonical correspondence analysis ecosystem carbon uptake grazing species composition species evenness species richness

山地农业生态系统的能量学——喜马拉雅山中部一个实例的研究

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农业系统科学与综合研究 1985年第1期 66-74页

作者： Uma Pandey j.s.singh 牛叔文王留芳印度奈尼塔尔库茂恩大学植物系

本研究分析了山地农业生态系统中作物生产的能量估算,讨论了农业生态系统和自然生态系统的关系。耕地按种植方式划分为(Ⅰ)主种蔬菜的模式,(Ⅱ)主种小麦的模式。输入、输出的能值表明,在所有的种植模式中,小麦一大豆的输入最小,马铃薯-... 详细信息

本研究分析了山地农业生态系统中作物生产的能量估算,讨论了农业生态系统和自然生态系统的关系。耕地按种植方式划分为(Ⅰ)主种蔬菜的模式,(Ⅱ)主种小麦的模式。输入、输出的能值表明,在所有的种植模式中,小麦一大豆的输入最小,马铃薯-白菜-马铃薯的输入最大。主种蔬菜的生态系统比起主种小麦的生态系统来,输入的化肥多24倍,粪肥多150倍,种子多5倍,人力多5倍,而产生能的输出只多0.7倍。山地农业在很大程度上依赖于周围的森林生态系统,也代表着巨大的能量消耗中心。

关键词：小麦蔬菜麦类作物园艺作物土豆茄属马铃薯粪肥主种森林生态系统大豆产投比

Fuzzy Reliability and Availability of system under a Calendar-based Inspection Involving Multiple Failures and Its Application to Wind Turbine system

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journal of systems science and systems Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 187-206页

作者： Mintu Kumar Himani Pant s.B.singh Department of Mathematics statistics and Computer science G.B.Pant University of AgricultureTechnologyPantnagarUttarakhandIndia

Uncertainty is an important factor that needs to be considered while analyzing the performance of any engineering *** order to quantify uncertainty,fuzzy set theory is frequently used by most of researchers,including energy system *** to the classical reliability theory,component lifetimes have crisp parameters,but due to uncertainty and inaccuracy in data,it is sometimes very difficult to determine the exact values of these parameters in real-world *** overcome this difficulty in the current research,failure and repair rates were taken as triangular fuzzy numbers to determine the fuzzy availability of a system undergoing calendar-based periodic inspection subject to multiple failure modes(FMs).It was assumed that each component in the system had an exponential failure rate and repair rate with fuzzy *** FMs were explicitly taken into account when a functional state of the system was *** FM had a random failure *** the occurrence of any failure,a random time was selected for the relevant corrective repair *** proposed research was studied for one of the major sources of green energy,namely a wind turbine system wherein all the derived propositions have been implemented on it.

关键词： Fuzzy reliability fuzzy availability wind turbine system multiple failure modes triangular fuzzy number

Painlevéintegrability,auto-Bäcklund transformations,new abundant analytic solutions including multi-soliton solutions for time-dependent extended KdV8 equation in nonlinear physics

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journal of Ocean Engineering and science 2024年第5期9卷 489-507页

作者： shailendra singh s.saha Ray National Institute of Technology Department of MathematicsRourkela 769008India

In this paper,a new eighth-order(1+1)-dimensional time-dependent extended KdV equation has been *** considered equation is being found completely integrable by using the Painlevéanalysis ***,three auto-Bäcklund transformations have been generated by truncating the Painlevéseries at a constant *** auto-Bäcklund transformations have been used to derive various analytic solution families for the newly developed *** solutions include the kink-antikink soliton,kink-soliton,antikink-soliton,periodic-soliton,complex kink-soliton and complex periodic-soliton ***-soliton solutions including N-soliton solution,have been obtained by using the simplified Hirota’s method for the considered *** the results are being expressed graphically to signify the physical importance of the considered equation.

关键词： Higher-order KdV equation Painlevéanalysis Auto-Bäcklund transformation simplified Hirota method

snow and regolith albedo variations using CRIsM data at McMurdo crater,Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 338-355页

作者： sehajpal singh Deepak singh Centre of studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbaiIndia

The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate *** data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging spectrometer for Mars(CRIsM),we develop a novel approach to determining the broadband Visible and Near Infrared(VNIR)albedo of the Martian *** study focuses on albedo changes in the McMurdo crater,part of Mars’s south polar layer *** compare seasonal and interannual variations of the McMurdo surface albedo before,during,and after the Global Dust storm(GDs)of Martian Year(MY)*** the seasons progressed from spring to summer,the mean albedo in MY 32 and 34 plunged by over 40%,by about 35%in MY 33,and by slightly more than 30%in MY *** interannually,however,mean albedo values within both seasons(spring and summer)exhibited no significant differences in those same ***,interannual albedo difference maps reveal albedo variation of more than±0.3 in certain regions of the *** only snow-covered pixels,interannual albedo differences suggest that Mars dust had a pervasive impact on Mars’s *** in maximum and minimum albedo values as high as 0.5 were observed,depending upon differences in the dust levels in Martian snow/*** maximum and the minimum snow albedo values were lowest in MY 34,indicating the effect of the intense dust storm event that *** average snow albedo decreased from 0.45 in MY 32 to 0.40 in MY 33 and to 0.33 in MY 34,and then rose back to 0.40 in MY *** trajectory suggests a temporary deposition of dust,partially reversed after the GDs by self-cleaning mechanisms(local aeolian process and CO_(2)sublimation/deposition cycle).

关键词： Mars Martian ice albedo dust storm Mars surface Martian climate

Acoustical properties of a 3D printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers:Experimental analysis and optimization for emerging applications

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 248-258页

作者： jeyanthi subramanian Vinoth kumar selvaraj Rohan singh Ilangovan s Naresh Kakur Ruban Whenish school of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127Tamil NaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyRamapuramChennai600089India Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials science University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles90089USA Advanced Materials Research Centre Technology Innovation InstituteAbu Dhabi9639UAE Center for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular TheranosticsVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014Tamil NaduIndia

The novelty of this research lies in the successful fabrication of a 3D-printed honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers for acoustic properties,utilizing an impedance tube setup in accordance with AsTM standard E *** Creality Ender-3,a 3D printer,was used for printing the honeycomb structures,and polylactic acid(PLA)material was employed for their *** organic,inorganic,and polymeric compounds within the composites were identified using fourier transformation infrared(FTIR)*** structure and homogeneity of the samples were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope(FEsEM).To determine the sound absorption coefficient of the 3D printed honeycomb structure,numerous samples were systematically developed using central composite design(CCD)and analysed using response surface methodology(RsM).The RsM mathematical model was established to predict the optimum values of each factor and noise reduction coefficient(NRC).The optimum values for an NRC of 0.377 were found to be 1.116 wt% carbon black,1.025 wt% aluminium powder,and 3.151 mm distance between parallel ***,the results demonstrate that a 3Dprinted honeycomb structure filled with nanofillers is an excellent material that can be utilized in various fields,including defence and aviation,where lightweight and acoustic properties are of great importance.

关键词： 3D printing Honeycomb structure Acoustics Field emission scanning electron microscope Response surface methodology

Transfer Learning-Based Class Imbalance-Aware shoulder Implant Classification from X-Ray Images

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journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 892-912页

作者： Marut jindal Birmohan singh Department of Computer science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and TechnologySangrur148106PunjabIndia

Total shoulder arthroplasty is a standard restorative procedure practiced by orthopedists to diagnose shoulder arthritis in which a prosthesis replaces the whole joint or a part of the *** is often challenging for doctors to identify the exact model and manufacturer of the prosthesis when it is *** paper proposes a transfer learning-based class imbalance-aware prosthesis detection method to detect the implant’s manufacturer automatically from shoulder X-ray *** framework of the method proposes a novel training approach and a new set of batch-normalization,dropout,and fully convolutional layers in the head *** employs cyclical learning rates and weighting-based loss calculation *** modifications aid in faster convergence,avoid local-minima stagnation,and remove the training bias caused by imbalanced *** proposed method is evaluated using seven well-known pre-trained models of VGGNet,ResNet,and DenseNet *** is performed on a shoulder implant benchmark dataset consisting of 597 shoulder X-ray *** proposed method improves the classification performance of all pre-trained models by 10–12%.The DenseNet-201-based variant has achieved the highest classification accuracy of 89.5%,which is 10%higher than existing ***,to validate and generalize the proposed method,the existing baseline dataset is supplemented to six classes,including samples of two more implant *** results have shown average accuracy of 86.7%for the extended dataset and show the preeminence of the proposed method.

关键词： Biomedical engineering Artificial intelligence Total shoulder arthroplasty Prosthesis identification Biomedical image classification