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Effect of dietary near ideal amino acid profile on heat production of lactating sows exposed to thermal neutral and heat stress conditions

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journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 739-754页

作者： s.Zhang j.s.johnson N.L.Trottier Department of Animal science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA UsDA-ARs Livestock Behavior Research Unit West Lafayette 47907USA

Background:Reduced protein diet manifested potential to mitigate heat production based on the concept of ideal amino acid profile.The hypothesis of this study was that lactating sows fed a low crude protein(LCP)diet with supplemental amino acid produce less heat compared to those fed a high crude protein(HCP)diet under both thermal neutral(TN)and heat stress(Hs)conditions.Methods:Thirty-two lactating sows were allotted to HCP(193 g CP/kg)and LCP(140 g CP/kg)diets under thermal neutral(TN,21±1.5°C)or cycling heat stress(Hs,32±1.5°C daytime and 24±1.5°C nighttime)conditions.Diets contained 0.90%sID lysine and 10.8 Mj/kg net energy.Positive pressure indirect calorimeters were used to measure gas exchange in individual sows with litters,and individual piglets on days 4,8,14 and 18.sow and litter weights were recorded on days 1,10 and 21.Results:sow total heat production(THP)was calculated by subtracting litter THP from sow+litter THP based on BW0.75.sow BW and body protein(BP)loss was greater for LCP diet compared to HCP diet in peak lactation(Pspectively)and throughout the entire lactation period(Pspectively)under Hs conditions.Heat-stressed sows fed HCP diet had higher(Pspiration rate at 07:00(Psows fed HCP diet.In sows fed LCP diet,those under Hs tended to have higher(P=0.098)rectal temperature at 13:00 and had higher(Pspiration rate at 07:00,13:00 and 19:00 compared to TN sows.The relationship between daily THP and days in lactation of sows fed LCP diet was quadratic(Pscending trend until day 14 and a descending trend from days 14 to 18.sows fed LCP diet had lower daily THP at day 18(Pse fed the HCP diet under Hs conditions.Conclusion:Reduction in THP in sows fed LCP diet was largely associated with THP on day 18 of lactation under Hs conditions.Feeding LCP diets alleviated the increased body temperature in

关键词： Amino acid Heat stress Lactating sows Low protein diet Total heat production

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Background removal from global auroral images:Data-driven dayglow modeling

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 247-257页

作者： A.Ohma M.Madelaire K.M.Laundal j.P.Reistad s.M.Hatch s.Gasparini s.j.Walker Birkeland Centre for space science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway

Global images of auroras obtained by cameras on spacecraft are a key tool for studying the near-Earth environment.However,the cameras are sensitive not only to auroral emissions produced by precipitating particles,but also to dayglow emissions produced by photoelectrons induced by sunlight.Nightglow emissions and scattered sunlight can contribute to the background signal.To fully utilize such images in space science,background contamination must be removed to isolate the auroral signal.Here we outline a data-driven approach to modeling the background intensity in multiple images by formulating linear inverse problems based on B-splines and spherical harmonics.The approach is robust,flexible,and iteratively deselects outliers,such as auroral emissions.The final model is smooth across the terminator and accounts for slow temporal variations and large-scale asymmetries in the dayglow.We demonstrate the model by using the three far ultraviolet cameras on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration(IMAGE)mission.The method can be applied to historical missions and is relevant for upcoming missions,such as the solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(sMILE)mission.

关键词： aurora dayglow modeling global auroral images far ultraviolet images dayglow removal

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Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.LEE s.CHANG j.LEE Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea school of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random inputs.The method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data set.In the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random inputs.This allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data set.Combining substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing accuracy.Consequently,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional inputs.The numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

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Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： N.IQBAL j.CHOI s.F.sHAH C.LEE s.LEE Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(NMC)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary NMC particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more homogeneously.Besides,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress mitigation.This paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of NMC active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(NMC)

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Wettability,reactivity,and interface structure in Mg/Ni system

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 659-672页

作者： s.Terlicka N.sobczak Ł.Maj P.Darłak j.j.sobczak Institute of Metallurgy and Materials science Polish Academy of Sciences25 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University23 Reymonta Str.KrakowPoland

The sessile drop method was applied to the experimental investigation of the wetting and spreading behaviors of liquid Mg drops on pure Ni substrates.For comparison,the experiments were performed in two variants:(1)using the Capillary Purification(CP)procedure,which allows the non-contact heating and squeezing of a pure oxide-free Mg drop;(2)by classical Contact Heating(CH)procedure.The high-temperature tests were performed under isothermal conditions(CP:760℃for 30 s;CH:715℃for 300 s)using Ar+5 wt%H_(2) atmosphere.During the sessile drop tests,images of the Mg/Ni couples were recorded by CCD cameras(57 fps),which were then applied to calculate the contact angles of metal/substrate couples.scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses,both coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,were used for detailed structural characterization of the solidified couples.It was found that an oxide-free Mg drop obtained by the CP procedure showed a wetting phenomenon on the Ni substrate(an average contact angleθs),followed by fast spreading and good wetting over the Ni substrate(θ_((CP))~20°in 5 s)to form a final contact angle ofθ_(f(CP))~18°.In contrast,a different wetting behavior was observed for the CH procedure,where the unavoidable primary oxide film on the Mg surface blocked the spreading of liquid Mg showing apparently non-wetting behavior after 300 s contact at the test temperature.However,in both cases,the deep craters formed in the Ni substrates under the Mg drops and significant change in the structure of initially pure Mg drops to Mg-Ni alloys suggest a strong dissolution of Ni in liquid Mg and apparent values of the final contact angles measured for the Mg/Ni system.

关键词： Magnesium-based alloys sessile drop tests Capillary purification procedure Wettability Reactivity Contact angle

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Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by crystal plasticity finite element method

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journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.B.Zhang s.j.song F.Liu state Key Laboratory of solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3D CPFE)simulations,co-deformation and instability of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and strain fields in two types of 3layer MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive deformations.Accordingly,more severe strain-induced interface instability can be observed in the fcc/bcc systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(MNCs).By detailed analysis of stress and strain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability is always accompanied by high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase interface.It then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy barrier Q during dislocation and shear banding can be adopted to classify the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic correlation.Then by inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-bution,thus efficiently suppressing the shear band,stabilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and ductility.such hetero-phase interface chosen by a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially designing MNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

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Construction of 2D/2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction with photothermal effect for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

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journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 1-9页

作者： T.Y.Huang Z.Yang s.Y.Yang Z.H.Dai Y.j.Liu j.H.Liao G.Y.Zhong Z.j.Xie Y.P.Fang s.s.Zhang Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510643China school of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China school of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy SystemsDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

The insensitivity of semiconductors to visible and infrared light is a key constraint on the utilization of light energy in photocatalytic reactions.Constructing photocatalysts with full-spectrum absorption through surface engineering is an effective approach to fully harnessing light energy in semiconductor materials.Herein,a novel stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene/Cds heterojunction catalyst is obtained by in-situ epitaxial growth of two-dimensional(2D)Cds nanosheets on 2D MXene interface via a solvothermal method.The exceptional light absorption properties of MXene confer outstanding full-spectrum driven photocat-alytic hydrogen evolution capability upon the heterogeneous catalyst.The unique 2D/2D structure effectively mitigated the recombination of photogenerated carriers,enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst.Moreover,the composite catalyst exhibits a significantly higher surface temperature of 80.4℃under visible light irradiation at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm^(2),which is 1.84 times higher than that of Cds.Under irradiation of visible and near infrared light,the composite catalyst with photothermal ef-fect demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 65.4 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 7.2 times higher than that of Cds catalyst.This study introduces a novel approach for constructing full-spectrum absorption catalysts and expands the application of the photothermal effect in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution research.

关键词： Two-dimensional structure Heterostructure Photothermal effect Photocatalyst Hydrogen evolution

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Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU ROBERT j.KAsPER NATALIE j.s.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological conditions.Growing evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected cells.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sARs-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ systems.As the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of sARs-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with COVID-19.Recent studies have found that ACE2 can be released with EVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology.In addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 disease.This review summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

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Integrins and their potential roles in mammalian pregnancy

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journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： Gregory A.johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller W.Bazer Heewon seo joe W.Cain Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Department of Animal science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly complex family of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can mediate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix(ECM) interactions leading to assembly of integrin adhesion complexes(IACs) that initiate many signaling functions both at the membrane and deeper within the cytoplasm to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and metabolism. All metazoan organisms possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of multicellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during embryonic development and many aspects of cellular and molecular biology. Integrins have important roles in many aspects of embryonic development, normal physiology, and disease processes with a multitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence many areas of biology and medicine, including mammalian pregnancy, in particular implantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(embryo/fetus and associated placental membranes) development. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of embryonic development, implantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, humans, and mice as an example for rodents. A brief timeline of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine luminal epithelium(LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, humans, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, summaries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas summaries for humans and rodents are brief. Because similar models to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the scientific literature, the illustrations in this m

关键词： Humans Implantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents sheep

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Rescue from complications after pancreaticoduodenectomies at a low-volume Caribbean center:Value of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols

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World journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第3期16卷 681-688页

作者： shamir O Cawich Elijah Dixon Parul j shukla shailesh V shrikhande Rahul R Deshpande Fawwaz Mohammed Neil W Pearce Wesley Francis shaneeta johnson johann Bujhawan Department of surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago Department of surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N2T9Canada Department of surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of surgical Oncology Tata Memorial CenterHomi Bhabha National UniversityMumbai 400012India Department of surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom University surgical Unit Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas Department of surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of surgery General Hospital in Port of SpainPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago

BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is a technically complex operation,with a re-latively high risk for complications.The ability to rescue patients from post-PD complications is as a recognized quality measure.Tailored protocols were instituted at our low volume facility in the year 2013.AIM To document the rate of rescue from post-PD complications with tailored protocols in place as a measure of quality.METHODs A retrospective audit was performed to collect data from patients who experienced major post-PD complications at a low volume pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between january 1,2013 and june 30,2023.stan-dardized definitions from the International study Group of Pancreatic surgery were used to define post-PD complications,and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-PD complications.REsULTs Over the study period,113 patients at a mean age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[sD]±9.23;range:30-90;median:56)underwent PDs at this facility.Major complications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a mean age of 53.8 years(sD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced major morbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatment of their complication.Four(3.5%)died from bleeding pseudoaneurysm(1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastomotic leak(1),and myocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with American society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;P=0.0024).CONCLUsION This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volume alone should not be used as a marker of quality for patients requiring PD.Despite low volumes at our facility,we demonstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from major complications.We attributed this to several factors including development of rescue protocols,the competence of the pancreatic surgery teams and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-minating in the development of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols.

关键词： Pancreas Complication Rescue Failure Morbidity Mortality Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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