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Neighbour effects on plant bioma.s and its allocation for forbs growing in heterogeneous soils

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journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 90-99页

作者： Yongjie Liu Chunyan ma.Shiting Liu Mingrui Liu Hui Li Mingxia Wang guoe Li Hans j.de Boeck Fujiang Hou Zhanhui Tang Zhenxin Li State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and grassland Agro-ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Plant and Ecosystems(PLECO) Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpWilrijk B-2610Belgium State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration School of EnvironmentNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130117China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ministry of EducationLhasa 850011China

Focal plants are considerably affected by their neighbouring plants,especially when growing in heterogeneous soils.A previous study on grasses demonstrated that soil heterogeneity and species composition affected plant bioma.s and above-and belowground allocation *** now tested whether these findings were similar for *** forb species(*** anglica,Limonium bicolor and Suaeda glauca)were grown in pots with three levels of soil heterogeneity,created by alternatively filling resource-rich and resource-poor substrates using sma.l,medium or large patch *** compositions were created by growing these forbs either in monocultures or in *** showed that patch size×species composition significantly impacted shoot bioma.s,root bioma.s and total bioma.s of forbs at different ***,at the pot scale,shoot bioma.s,root bioma.s and total bioma.s increased with increasing patch *** the substrate scale,shoot bioma.s and total bioma.s were higher at the large patch size than at the medium patch size,both in resource-rich and resource-poor ***,at the community scale,monocultures had more shoot bioma.s,root bioma.s and total bioma.s than those in the two-or three-species *** results differ from earlier findings on the responses of grasses,where shoot bioma.s and total bioma.s decreased with patch size,and more shoot bioma.s and total bioma.s were found in resource-rich than resource-poor *** further elucidate the effects of soil heterogeneity on the interactions between neighbour plants,we advise to conduct longer-term experiments featuring a variety of functional groups.

关键词： bioma.s allocation neighbour effect patch size soil heterogeneity shoot bioma.s

Potential Secretory Transporters and Biosynthetic Precursors of Biological Nitrification Inhibitor 1,9-decanediol in Rice as Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 87-102页

作者： DI Dongwei ma.Mingkun ZHANg Xiaoyang LU Yufang Herbert j.KRONZUCKER SHI Weiming State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Food Science and Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000China School of BioSciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Biological nitrification inhibitors(BNIs)are released from plant roots and inhibit the nitrification activity of microorganisms in soils,reducing NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions,and increasing nitrogenuse efficiency(NUE).Several recent studies have focused on the identification of new BNIs,yet little is known about the genetic loci that govern their biosynthesis and *** applied a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to investigate possible biosynthetic pathways and transporters involved in the biosynthesis and release of BNI 1,9-decanediol(1,9-D),which was previously identified in rice root *** results linked four fatty acids,icosapentaenoic acid,linoleate,norlinolenic acid,and polyhydroxy-α,ω-divarboxylic acid,with 1,9-D biosynthesis and three transporter families,namely the ATP-binding cassette protein family,the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family,and the ma.or facilitator superfamily,with 1,9-D release from roots into the soil *** finding provided candidates for further work on the genes implicated in the biosynthesis and secretion of 1,9-D and pinpoint genetic loci for crop breeding to improve NUE by enhancing 1,9-D secretion,with the potential to reduce NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.

关键词： 1,9-decanediol biological nitrification inhibitor metabolomic analysis nitrogen-use efficiency transcriptomic analysis

Nuance of inward rectifying potassium(Kir)channel dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1195-1196页

作者： Benjamin garland Linlin ma griffith Institute for Drug Discovery&School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityNathanBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Neurodegenerative disorders are highly prevalent and diverse in *** ma.ifestation largely depends on the cell types involved,with aberrant inflamma.ory episodes progressively inducing a constellation of phenotypes that are classified into specific diseases based on their neuropathological *** two most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and Parkinson’s disease(PD),for example,share notable similarities,yet they differ in terms of the specific cell types lost within the central nervous system(CNS).The significant and progressive loss of cortical and certain subcortical neurons in various regions is a ma.or defining trait of *** contrast,the specific loss of dopaminergic neurons(DA)within the substantial nigra pars compacta(SNpc)is sufficient to cause motor symptoms associated with *** devastating condition arising from neurodegeneration within the CNS,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),results in the progressive death of upper and lower motor *** degeneration originates in oligodendrocytes,whose defective myelination abilities lead to the denervation of the anterior horn,aggravating motor neuron death.

关键词： diseases degenerative degeneration

Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the Mechanical Properties of(B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al Neutron Absorbing ma.erials

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1411-1420页

作者： j.X.Cai B.M.Shi N.Li Y.Liu Z.g.Zhang Y.N.Zan Q.Z.Wang B.L.Xiao Z.Y.ma Shi‑Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced ma.erials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Nuclear ma.erials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Nuclear Equipment Division Beijing Institute of Nuclear EngineeringChina Nuclear Power Engineering Co.Ltd.Beijing 100840China department of ma.erials Science School of Mechanical EngineeringShenyang UniversityShenyang 110044China

B_(4)C/Al composites are widely utilized as neutron absorbing ma.erials for the storage and transportation of spent nuclear *** order to improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of B_(4)C/Al composites,in-situ nano-Al_(2)O_(3)was introduced utilizing oxide on Al powder *** this study,the Al_(2)O_(3)content was adjusted by utilizing spheroid Al powder with varying diameters,thereby investigating the impact of Al_(2)O_(3)content on the tensile properties of(B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al *** was found that the pinning effect of Al_(2)O_(3)on the grain boundaries could hinder the recovery of dislocations and lead to dislocation accumulation at high *** the result,with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)content and the decrease in grain size,the high-temperature strength of the composites increased *** finest Al powder used in this investigation had a diameter of 1.4μm,whereas the resultant composite exhibited a ma.imum strength of 251 MPa at room temperature and 133 MPa at 350℃,surpassing that of traditional B_(4)C/Al composites.

关键词： Al ma.rix composites Neutron absorbing ma.erials (B_(4)C+Al_(2)O_(3))/Al composites High-temperature strength

Innovative pathways allow safe discharge of mild acute pancreatitis from the emergency room

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World journal of gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1475-1479页

作者： Darshan j Kothari Sunil g Sheth Division of gastroenterology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States Division of gastroenterology&Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a leading cause of gastrointestinal-related hospitalizations in the United States,resulting in 300000 admissions per year with an estima.ed cost of over$2.6 billion *** severity of AP is determined by the presence of pancreatic complications and end-organ *** moderate/severe pancreatitis can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality,the ma.ority of patients have a mild presentation with an uncomplicated course and mortality rate of less than 2%.despite favorable outcomes,the ma.ority of mild AP patients are admitted,contributing to healthcare cost and *** this Editorial we review the performa.ce of an emergency department(ED)pathway for patients with mild AP at a tertiary care center with the goal of reducing hospitalizations,resource utilization,and costs after several years of implementation of the *** discuss the clinical course and outcomes of mild AP patients enrolled in the pathway who were successfully discharged from the ED compared to those who were admitted to the hospital,and identify predictors of successful ED discharge to select patients who can potentially be triaged to the *** conclude that by implementing innovative clinical pathways which are established and reproducible,selected AP patients can be safely discharged from the ED,reducing hospitalizations and healthcare costs,without compromising clinical *** also identify a subset of patients most likely to succeed in this pathway.

关键词： Emergency department Mild pancreatitis Pathways Hospitalization Predictors

Enhanced properties of stone coal-based composite phase change ma.erials for therma. energy storage

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International journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and ma.erials 2024年第1期31卷 206-215页

作者： Baoshan Xie Huan ma.Chuanchang Li jian Chen Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province School of Energy and Power EngineeringChangsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction for Power grid Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha 410114China

Phase change ma.erials (PCMs) can be incorporated with low-cost minerals to synthesize composites for therma. energy storage in building *** coal (SC) after vanadium extraction treatment shows potential for secondary utilization in composite *** prepared SC-based composite PCMs with SC as a ma.rix,stearic acid (SA) as a PCM,and expanded graphite (Eg) as an *** combined roasting and acid leaching treatment of raw SC was conducted to understand the effect of vanadium extraction on promoting loading *** showed that the combined treatment of roasting at 900℃ and leaching increased the SC loading of the composite by 6.2%by improving the specific surface *** loading capacity and therma. conductivity of the composite obviously increased by 127%and 48.19%,respectively,due to the contribution of 3wt% *** data were supported by the high load of 66.69%and therma. conductivity of 0.59 W·m^(-1)·K-1of the designed *** obtained composite exhibited a phase change temperature of 52.17℃,melting latent heat of 121.5 j·g^(-1),and good chemical *** SC-based composite has prospects in building applications exploiting the secondary utilization of minerals.

关键词： therma. energy storage phase change ma.erial stone coal vanadium extraction secondary utilization

Simulation of nuclear isomer production in laser-induced plasma

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ma.ter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 1-9页

作者： Zhiguo ma.Yumiao Wang Yi Yang Youjing Wang Kai Zhao Yixin Li Changbo Fu Wanbing He Yugang ma Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Nuclear isomers play essential roles in various fields,including stellar nucleosynthesis,nuclear clocks,nuclear batteries,clean nuclear energy,and-ray *** technological advances in high-intensity lasers have ma.e it possible to excite or de-excite nuclear isomers using table-top laser *** a particle-in-cell code,we investigate the interaction of a laser with a nanowire array and calculate the production rates of the^(73m)ge(E_(1)=13.3 keV)and^(107m)Ag(E_(1)=93.1 keV)***^(73m1)ge,production by Coulomb excitation is found to contribute a peak efficiency of 1.0×10^(19) particles s^(−1)j^(−1),while nuclear excitation by electron capture(NEEC)contributes a peak of 1.65×10^(11)particles s^(−1)j^(−1).These results indicate a high isomeric production ratio,as well as demonstrating the potential for confirming the existence of NEEC,a long-expected but so far experimentally unobserved fundamental process.

关键词： process. isomers excitation

Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 536-550页

作者： Yonghui Fan Boya Qin jinhao Yang Liangliang ma.guoji Cui Wei He Yu Tang Wenjing Zhang Shangyu ma.Chuanxi ma.Zhenglai Huang College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in South Yellow&Huai River ValleyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHefei 230036China Xianyang Central Station for Agricultural Technology Extension Xianyang 712000China

global clima.e change is characterized by asymmetric warming,i.e.,greater temperature increases in winter,spring,and nighttime than in summer,autumn,and *** experiments were conducted using four wheat cultivars,namely‘Yangma. 18’(YM18),‘Suma. 188’(SM188),‘Yannong 19’(YN19),and‘Annong 0711’(AN0711),in the two growing seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021,with passive night warming during different periods in the early growth *** treatments were night warming during the tillering-jointing(NW_(T-j)),jointing-booting(NWj-B),and booting-anthesis(NWB-A)stages,with ambient temperature(NN)as the *** effects of night warming during different stages on wheat yield forma.ion were investigated by determining the characteristics of dry ma.ter accumulation and translocation,as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in wheat *** wheat yields of all four cultivars were significantly higher in NW_(T-j)than in NN in the 2-year *** yield increases of semi-winter cultivars YN19 and AN0711 were greater than those of spring cultivars YM18 and *** NW_(T-j)increased wheat yield ma.nly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and the number of fertile spikelets,and it increased dry ma.ter accumulation in various organs of wheat at the anthesis and ma.urity stages by increasing the growth rate at the vegetative growth *** flag leaf and spike showed the largest increases in dry ma.ter ***_(T-j)also increased the grain sucrose and starch contents in the early and middle grain-filling stages,promoting yield ***,night warming between the tillering and jointing stages increased the pre-anthesis growth rate,and thus,wheat dry ma.ter production,which contributed to an increase in wheat yield.

关键词： wheat asymmetric warming dry ma.ter accumulation and translocation starch yield

Statistical evaluation of 571 gaAs quantum point contact transistors showing the 0.7 anoma.y in quantized conductance using cryogenic on-chip multiplexing

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 21-28页

作者： Pengcheng ma.Kaveh delfanazari Reuben K.Puddy jiahui Li Moda Cao Teng Yi jonathan P.griffiths Harvey E.Beere David A.Ritchie Michael j.Kelly Charles g.Smith Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK james Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Electrical Engineering Division University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK

Thema.s production and the practical number of cryogenic quantum devices producible in a single chip are limited to the number of electrical contact pads and wiring of the cryostat or dilution *** is,therefore,beneficial to contrast themeasurements of hundreds of devices fabricated in a single chip in one cooldown process to promote the scalability,integrability,reliability,and reproducibility of quantum devices and to save evaluation time,cost and ***,we used a cryogenic on-chip multiplexer architecture and investigated the statistics of the 0.7 anoma.y observed on the first three plateaus of the quantized conductance of semiconductor quantum point contact(QPC)*** single chips contain 256 split gate field-effect QPC transistors(QFET)each,with two 16-branch multiplexed source-drain and gate pads,allowing individual transistors to be selected,addressed and controlled through an electrostatic gate voltage process.A total of 1280 quantum transistors with nano-scale dimensions are patterned in 5 different chips of gaAs *** the measurements of 571 functioning QFETs taken at temperatures T[1.4 K and T[40 mK,it is found that the spontaneous polarisation model and Kondo effect do not fit our ***,some of the features in our data largely agreed with van Hove model with short-range *** approach provides further insight into the quantum mechanical properties and microscopic origin of the 0.7 anoma.y in QFETs,paving the way for the development of semiconducting quantum circuits and integrated cryogenic electronics,for scalable quantum logic control,readout,synthesis,and processing applications.

关键词： Cryogenic chip Cryogenic quantum multiplexer Semi-conductor quantum integrated circuit Quantumﬁeld effect transistors Quantum point contacts Chip-scale cryogenic electronics