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High-Confidence Computing 2023年第4期3卷 47-59页

作者： Abhijit j.Patil Ramesh Shelke Computer Engineering Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research UniversityUdaipur 313003India Electronics and Telecommunications University of MumbaiMumbai 400032India

Watermarking is the advanced technology utilized to secure digital data by integrating ownership or copyright *** of the traditional extracting processes in audio watermarking have some restrictions due to low reliability to various ***,a deep learning-based audio watermarking system is proposed in this research to overcome the restriction in the traditional *** implication of the research relies on enhancing the performance of the watermarking system using the Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)and the optimized deep learning *** selection of optimal embedding location is the research contribution that is carried out by the deep convolutional neural network(DCNN).The hyperparameter tuning is performed by the so-called search location optimization,which minimizes the errors in the *** experimental result reveals that the proposed digital audio watermarking system provides better robustness and performance in terms of Bit Error Rate(BER),Mean Square Error(MSE),and Signal-to-noise *** BER,MSE,and SNR of the proposed audio watermarking model without the noise are 0.082,0.099,and 45.363 respectively,which is found to be better performance than the existing watermarking models.

关键词： Search location optimization algorithm Deep convolutional neural network DWT Robustness Imperceptibility

Effects and mechanisms of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxins for mosquito larvae

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 714-729页

作者： Qi Zhang Gang Hua Michael j. Adang College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthens GA USA Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens GA USA

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that produces insecticidal crystalline inclusions during sporulation phases of the mother cell. The vir- ulence factor, known as parasporal crystals, is composed of Cry and Cyt toxins. Most Cry toxins display a common 3-domain topology. Cry toxins exert intoxication through toxin activation, receptor binding and pore formation in a suitable larval gut environment. The mosquitocidal toxins of Bt subsp, israelensis （Bti） were found to be highly active against mosquito larvae and are widely used for vector control. Bt subsp, jegathesan is another strain which possesses high potency against broad range of mosquito larvae. The present review summarizes characterized receptors for Cry toxins in mosquito larvae, and will also discuss the diversity and effects of 3-D mosquitocidal Cry toxin and the ongo- ing research for Cry toxin mechanisms generated from investigations of lepidopteran and dipteran larvae.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins mode of action mosquito receptors

Adipose derived stem cells and nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第14期9卷 1341-1346页

作者： Alessandro Faroni Richard jP Smith Adam j Reid Blond McIndoe Laboratories Institute of Inflammation and RepairUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns University Hospital of South Manchester ManchesterUK

Injuries to peripheral nerves are common and cause life-changing problems for patients alongside high social and health care costs for society. Current clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries predominantly relies on sacrificing a section of nerve from elsewhere in the body to provide a graft at the injury site. Much work has been done to develop a bioengineered nerve graft, precluding sacrifice of a functional nerve. Stem cells are prime candidates as accelerators of regeneration in these nerve grafts. This review examines the potential of adipose-derived stem cells to improve nerve repair assisted by bioengineered nerve grafts.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury adipose derived stem cells nerve guidance tubes bioengineerednerve graft axonal regeneration Schwann cell cell therapy nerve repair

Potential of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and the oxadiazine indoxacarb for controlling five coleopteran pests of stored grain

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 96-101页

作者： Gregory j. Daglish Manoj K. Nayak Agri-Science Queensland Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation Brisbane Queensland Australia

The potential for using imidacloprid （a neonicotinoid） and indoxacarb （an oxadiazine） as grain protectants was investigated in bioassays against resistant strains of five stored grain beetles. The species investigated were Rhyzopertha dominica （E）（the lesser grain borer）, Sitophilus oryzae （L.）（the rice weevil）, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）（the rust-red flour beetle）, Oryzaephilus surinamensis （L.）（the saw tooth flour beetle）, and Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens）（the fiat grain beetle）. Each of these species has developed resistance to one or more protectants, including organophosphorus insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids and the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene. Mortality and re- production after a 2-week exposure of adults to treated wheat depended on species, dose and insecticide. Imidacloprid had no effect on S. oryzae at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 10 mg/kg. Indoxacarb had no effect on T. castaneum at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 5 mg/kg. The results show that although both imidacloprid and indoxacarb can control at least four of the five key pests tested at doses comparable to those used for organophosphorus protectants, more potent neonicotinoid or oxadiazine insecticides would be needed than either of these to provide broad spectrum protection of stored grain .

关键词： beetles imidacloprid indoxacarb stored grain

EFFECT OF TESTING ENVIRONMENT ON FRACTURING BEHAVIOR OF Fe_3Si BASED ALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第2期16卷 104-109页

作者： j.H.Peng G.L.Chen National Key Laboratory for Nuclear Fuel&Materials China Nuclear Power InstituteChengdu 610041ChinaState Key Laboratory for Advanced Metal MaterialsUniversity of Science&Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The mechanical behavior of Fes Si based alloy with B2 structure was studied by tension and fracture toughness test in various testing media. The fracture strength σb of Fe3Si alloy decreased in the following order: oxygen, air and hydrogen respectively. The fracture toughness in different testing environment showed that KIC in oxygen is 11.5±0.3MPa·m1/2, and is 8.6±0.4MPa·ml/2 in distilled water. The reduction of fracture toughness is contributed to the environmental reaction of Si with water. Addition of Al element in Fe3Si is not beneficial to improve the intrinsic ductility of Fe-14Si-3Al alloy. The scattering phenomenon of fracture strength was found, and explained by fracture mechanics. It was found by means of SEM that the fracture mode changed from transgranular in oxygen to intergranular in hydrogen gas and distilled water.

关键词： Fe3Si intermetallic mechanical behavior environmental em- brittlement

Feruloylated Arabinoxylans Are Oxidatively Cross- Linked by Extracellular Maize Peroxidase but Not by Horseradish Peroxidase

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 883-892页

作者： Sally j. Burr Stephen C. Fry The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences The University of Edinburgh Daniel Rutherford Building The King's Buildings Edinburgh EH9 3JH UK Present address: Ecologie Microbienne/UMR CNRS 5557 USC INRA 1193 Universite Claude Bernard--Lyon 1 Batiment Gregor Mendel 16 rue Dubois F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

Covalent cross-linking of soluble extracellular arabinoxylans in living maize cultures, which models the cross- linking of wall-bound arabinoxylans, is due to oxidation of feruloyl esters to oligoferuloyl esters and ethers. The oxidizing system responsible could be H2O2/peroxidase, O2/laccase, or reactive oxygen species acting non-enzymically, To distinguish these possibilities, we studied arabinoxylan cross-linking in vivo and in vitro. In living cultures, exogenous, soluble, extracellular, feruloylated [pentosyl-3H]arabinoxylans underwent cross-linking, beginning abruptly 8 d after sub-culture. Crosslinking was suppressed by iodide, an H2O2 scavenger, indicating dependence on endogenous H2O2. However, exogenous H2O2 did not cause precocious cross-linking, despite the constant presence of endogenous peroxidases, suggesting that younger cultures contained natural cross-linking inhibitors. Dialysed culture-filtrates cross-linked [^3H]arabinoxylans in vitro only if H2O2 was also added, indicating a peroxidase requirement. This cross-linking was highly ionic-strength-dependent. The peroxidases responsible were heat-labile, although relatively heat-stable peroxidases （assayed on o-dianisidine） were also present. Surprisingly, added horseradish peroxidase, even after heat-denaturation, blocked the arabinoxylancross-linking action of maize peroxidases, suggesting that the horseradish protein was a competing substrate for [^3H]arabinoxylan coupling. In conclusion, we show for the first time that cross-linking of extracellular arabinoxylan in living maize cultures is an action of apoplastic peroxidases, some of whose unusual properties we report.

关键词： Cell wall cross-links phenolics ferulate peroxidase soluble extracellular polysaccharides Zea mays L.

Use of the tumor necrosis factor-blockers for Crohn's disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第35期18卷 4823-4854页

作者： Alan BR Thomson Milli Gupta Hugh j Freeman Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of Western Ontario Department of Medicine University of Alberta Department of Medicine University of British Columbia

The use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy for inflammatory bowel disease represents the most important advance in the care of these patients since the publication of the National Co-operative Crohn＇s disease study thirty years ago. The recommendations of numerous consensus groups worldwide are now supported by a wealth of clinical trials and several meta-analyses. In general, it is suggested that tumor necrosis factor-c~ blockers （TNFBs） are indicated （1） for persons with moderately-severe Crohn＇s disease or ulcerative colitis （UC） who have failed two or more causes of glucocorticosteroids and an acceptably long cause （8 wk to 12 wk） of an immune modulator such as azathioprine or methotrexate; （2） non-responsive perianal disease; and （3） severe UC not responding to a 3-d to 5-d course of steroids. Once TNFBs have been introduced and the patient is responsive, therapy given by the IV and SC rate must be continued. It remains open to definitive evidence if concomitant immune modulators are required with TNFB maintenance ther- apy, and when or if TNFB may be weaned and discon- tinued. The supportive evidence from a single study on the role of early versus later introduction of TNFB in the course of a patient＇s illness needs to be confirmed. The risk/benefit profile of TNFB appears to be accept- able as long as the patient is immunized and tested for tuberculosis and viral hepatitis before the initiation of TNFB, and as long as the long-term adverse effects on the development of lymphoma and other tumors do not prone to be problematic. Because the rates of ben- efits to TNFB are modest from a population perspec- tive and the cost of therapy is very high, the ultimate application of use of TNFBs will likely be established by cost/benefit studies.

关键词： Adalimumab Adverse effects Certolizum-ab pegol Crohn's disease Economic evaluation Inflix-imab Secondary lack of response Ulcerative colitis

Heme oxygenase system in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6068-6078页

作者： james A Richards Stephen j Wigmore Luke R Devey Centre for Inflammation Research The University of EdinburghThe Queen's Medical Research Institute

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) limits access to transplantation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a powerful antioxidant enzyme which degrades free heme into biliverdin,free iron and carbon monoxide. HO-1 and its metabolites have the ability to modulate a wide variety of inflammatory disorders including hepatic IRI. Mechanisms of this protective effect include reduction of oxygen free radicals,alteration of macrophage and T cell phenotype. Further work is required to understand the physiological importance of the many actions of HO-1 identified experimentally,and to harness the protective effect of HO-1 for therapeutic potential.

关键词： Ischemia-reperfusion injury Heme oxygenase Transplantation Ischemic pre-conditioning

Dissecting the dendritic cell controversy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第3期12卷 283-291页

作者： Adam j. Gehring june Ann D'Angelo Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA Saint Louis University Liver Center SaintLouis University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA

Therapeutic vaccines to boost endogenous T-cell immunity rely on the stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells （DCs）. The functionality of DCs in chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection has been a long-standing debate. Therefore, we have attempted to summarize multiple studies investigating DC function in chronic HBV patients to determine whether common observations can be drawn. We found that the frequency and function of ex vivo-tested myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs were largely intact in patients with HBV infection and similar to those of healthy donor DCs. The main exception was reduced IFN-a production by plasmacytoid DC from chronic HBV patients. This reduced IFN-a production correlated with liver inflammation in multiple studies but not with viral load, suggesting that viral antigens have little effect on DC function. The majority of the confusion about DC function arises from studies reporting the reduced function of healthy donor DCs exposed to various sources of H BV in vitro. These direct effects of viral antigens are in contrast to data from HBV-infected patients. The variations in the assays used and areas that reauire further investigation are also covered

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Dendritic Cell Vaccination

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Hepatorenal syndrome

World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4046-4055页

作者： Sharon Turban Paul j Thuluvath Mohamed G Atta Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland United States Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland United States

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a "functional" and reversible form of renal failure that occurs in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. The distinctive hallmark feature of HRS is the intense renal vasoconstriction caused by interactions between systemic and portal hemodynamics. This results in activation of vasoconstrictors and suppression of vasodilators in the renal circulation. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, as well as current and emerging therapies of HRS are discussed in this review.

关键词： Acute renal failure End stage liver disease Hepatorenal syndrome Transjugular intrahepatic portosysternic shunts Dialysis Liver transplantation