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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 375-395页

作者： Xiao YANG Heli LIU Lem.ng ZHANG Yiran HU Denis j.POLITIS m.ham.ad m.GHARBI Liliang WANG Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Departm.nt of m.chanical and m.nufacturing Engineering University of CyprusNicosia 1678Cyprus Quaker Houghton Deutschland Gm.H Dortmund 44319Germany

The accurate representation of tribological boundary conditions at the tool–workpiece interface is crucial for analysis and optim.zation of form.bility,m.terial flow,and surface quality of com.onents during m.tal form.ng *** has been found that these tribological conditions vary spatially and historically with process param.ters and contact *** tim.-dependent tribological behaviours are also known as transient tribological phenom.na,which are widely observed during form.ng processes and m.ny other m.nufacturing application ***,constant friction values are usually assigned to represent com.lex and dynam.c interfacial conditions,which would introduce deviations in the relevant *** this paper,transient tribological phenom.na and the contem.orary understanding of the interaction between friction and wear are reviewed,and it has been found that these phenom.na are induced by the transitions of friction m.chanism. and highly dependent on com.lex loading conditions at the *** m.delling techniques for transient behaviours for m.tal form.ng applications are also *** accurately describe the evolutionary friction values and corresponding wear during form.ng,the advanced interactive friction m.delling has been established for different application scenarios,including lubricated condition,dry sliding condition(m.tal-on-m.tal contact),and coated system.

关键词： transient tribological phenom.na interactive friction m.chanism m.delling techniques m.tal form.ng

A system.tic review of spatial disaggregation m.thods for clim.te action planning

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 458-469页

作者： Shruthi Patil Noah Pflugradt jann m.Weinand Detlef Stolten jürgen Kropp Institute of Energy and Clim.te Research Techno-economic Systems Analysis(IEK-3)Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm-Johnen-StraßeJülich52425NRWGermany University of Potsdam Institute for Environmental Science and GeographyKarl-Liebknecht-Str.24-25Potsdam-Golm14476BrandenburgGermany Chair for Fuel Cells RWTH Aachen Universityc/o IEK-3Forschungszentrum JülichJülich52425NRWGermany Potsdam.Institute for Clim.te Im.act Research(PIK) Member of the Leibniz AssociationP.O.Box 601203PotsdamD-14412BrandenburgGermany

National-level clim.te action plans are often form.lated broadly. Spatially disaggregating these plans to individual m.nicipalities can offer substantial benefits, such as enabling regional clim.te action strategies and for assessing the feasibility of national objectives. Num.rous spatial disaggregation approaches can be found in the literature. This study reviews and categorizes these. The review is followed by a discussion of the relevant m.thods for the disaggregation of clim.te action plans. It is seen that m.thods em.loying proxy data, m.chine learning m.dels, and geostatistical ones are the m.st relevant m.thods for the spatial disaggregation of national energy and clim.te plans. The analysis offers guidance for selecting appropriate m.thods based on factors such as data availability at the m.nicipal level and the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the *** the urgency of addressing clim.te change escalates, understanding the spatial aspects of national energy and clim.te strategies becom.s increasingly im.ortant. This review will serve as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners applying spatial disaggregation in this crucial field.

关键词： Spatial downscaling Proxy data m.ss-preserving Clim.te action plans Spatial autocorrelation m.chine learning Geostatistical m.dels

Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System.(OSIICS) Version 15

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： john W.Orchard Ebonie Rio Kay m.Crossley jessica j.Orchard m.rgo m.untjoy School of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia La Trobe Sport and Exercise m.dicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Departm.nt of Fam.ly m.dicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:Sports m.dicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding system. because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports m.dicine *** Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System.OSIICS)is one of two sports m.dicine coding system. recom.ended by the International Olym.ic *** updates of coding system. are ***:For Version 15,updates for m.ntal health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly ***:Recom.ended codes were added from.a recent International Olym.ic Com.ittee consensus statem.nt on m.ntal health conditions in *** landm.rk sports cardiology papers were used to update a m.re com.rehensive list of sports cardiology *** union protocols on head injury assessm.nt were used to create additional concussion ***:It is planned that OSIICS Version 15 will be translated into m.ltiple new languages in a tim.ly fashion to facilitate international *** large num.er of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statem.nts on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OSIICS.

关键词： Sports cardiology Derm.tology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases Sports injury classification

Prim.ry and Secondary m.croplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Im.acts

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journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhyaya m.rtha j. m. Wells Katherine Y. Bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem.Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both prim.ry and secondary, is an environm.ntal challenge, prom.ting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the im.acts of m.cro- and nanoplastics on ecosystem. and hum.n health, governm.nts worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global com.unity has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the im.lem.ntation of national laws or regulations in num.rous countries. These m.asures ban or restrict the use of prim.ry and secondary m.croplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory fram.works is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to docum.nt plastics regulation developm.nt in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for im.rovem.nt in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what em.rging regulations m.an to utilities and industries is also provided along with a com.arison of regulatory fram.works.

关键词： m.croplastic Regulation Environm.ntal Governance Plastic Pollution m.tigation Regulatory Fram.work

Sm.LE soft X-ray Im.ger flight m.del CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.j.Hall O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.Arnold m.W.j.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Im.ging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the Sm.LE m.ssion the satellite will be bom.arded by radiation which gradually dam.ges the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Im.ger,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline perform.nce *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom.m.asure m.nt *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tem.e *** at the nom.nal ope rating tem.e rature(-120℃) it is within the procure m.nt ***,the devices m.et the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned fram. transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with tem.erature in full fram. *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/fram. transfer is im.lem.nted.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray im.ger characterisation Sm.LE

Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅺ:professional identity form.tion—nurturing one’s own story

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S03期12卷 99-108页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Ham.sh j Wilson Sum. m.Sexton David j Doukas jessica P Cerdena David m.Kelley m.chael D Fetters jeffrey j Haney john j Frey III Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA General Practice and Rural Health University of Otago Dunedin School of MedicineDunedinNew Zealand Fam.ly m.dicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Fam.ly and Com.unity m.dicine Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program Middlesex HealthMiddletownConnecticutUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA m.dical Education and Clinical Sciences Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅺ:professional identity form.tion—nurturing one’s own story’,authors address the following them.s:‘The social construction of professional identity’,‘On becom.ng a fam.ly physician’,‘What’s on the test?—professionalism.for fam.ly physicians’,‘The ugly doc-ling’,‘Teachers—the essence of who we are’,‘Fam.ly m.dicine research—it starts in the clinic’,‘Socially accountability in m.dical education’,‘Personal philosophy and how to find it’and‘Teaching and learning with Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine’.m.y these essays encourage readers to find their own creative spark in m.dicine.

关键词： own becom.ng professional

The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese j. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley m.rcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estim.ted im.act of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirem.nts for cervids are determ.ned through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determ.ne the effects of zinc on differences in dry m.tter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rum.ns were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm.water. Rum.n contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 m./kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 m./kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatm.nt groups. Average dry m.tter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om.between the treatm.nt groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this m.thodology did prove to be viable and functional for m.crobial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with m.ltiple experim.ntal units to confirm.the observations of increased digestibility. Form.l nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for m.re efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDm. In Vitro Cervids

Effects of low m.lecular weight polysaccharide from.Sargassum.thunbergii against palm.tic acid-induced intracellular lipid accum.lation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and HepG2 cells

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Food Science and Hum.n Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.P.Nagahawatta m.j.m.S.Kurera Kyung-m. Song Yun-Sang Choi You-jin jeon m.n-Cheol Kang Departm.nt of m.rine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low m.lecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from.Sargassum.thunbergii(Lm.ST)and in vitro experim.nts were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on *** natures of Lm.ST were attained from.*** and appraised their Lm.ST on palm.tic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 *** treatm.nt lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above m.ntioned *** m.chanistic study publicized that Lm.ST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stim.lated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis ***,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by *** these constructive properties of Lm.ST2 from.***,is a potential candidate for dim.nishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum.thunbergii Low m.lecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accum.lation Obesity Liver steatosis

m.asurem.nt of cryoelectronics heating using a local quantum.dot therm.m.ter in silicon

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 1-7页

作者： m.thieu de Kruijf Grayson m.Noah Alberto Gom.z-Saiz john j.L.m.rton m.Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba Quantum.m.tion 9 Sterling WayLondon N79HJUnited Kingdom London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17-19 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AHUnited Kingdom

Silicon technology offers the enticing opportunity for m.nolithic integration of quantum.and classical electronic ***,the power consum.tion levels of classical electronics m.y com.rom.se the local chip tem.erature and hence affect the fidelity of qubit *** the current work,a quantum.dot-based therm.m.ter em.edded in an industry-standard silicon fieldeffect transistor(FET)was adopted to assess the local tem.erature increase produced by an active FET placed in close *** im.act of both static and dynam.c operation regim.s was thoroughly *** the FET was operated statically,a power budget of 45 nW at 100-nm.separation was found,whereas at 216μm.the power budget was raised to 150μ*** tem.erature increase for the switch frequencies tested up to 10 m.z was observed when operating *** current work introduced a m.thod to accurately m.p out the available power budget at a distance from.a solid-state quantum.processor,and indicated the possible conditions under which cryoelectronics circuits m.y allow the operation of hybrid quantum.classical system..

关键词： Quantum.dot Cryogenic electronics Therm.m.try Spin qubit Heat m.nagem.nt

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel j.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah j.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor L.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick jae Sung Lee William.L.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord *** m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury,there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels,and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion,m.derate contusion,severe contusion,or com.lete transection,7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury,and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex *** dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninj.red levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury,while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt,increased m.re than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninj.red *** a m.ld injury,11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le *** conclusion,pro-inflam.atory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury