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Modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.jackson R.Mishra j.M.Rebelo j.Santos P.Antunes j.pombo H.Magalhaes L.Wills M.Askill School of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics Pantograph loads Current collection performance

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iTAK： A Program for Genome-wide Prediction and Classification of Plant Transcription Factors, Transcriptional Regulators, and Protein Kinases

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Molecular Plant 2016年第12期9卷 1667-1670页

作者： Yi Zheng Chen jiao Honghe Sun Hernan G. Rosli Marina A. pombo Peifen Zhang Michael Banf Xinbin Dai Gregory B. Martin james j. Giovannoni Patrick X. Zhao Seung Y. Rhee Zhangjun Fei Boyce Thompson Institute Ithaca NY 14853 USA Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE CONICET-UNLP) La Plata 1900 Argentina Department of Plant Biology Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford CA 94305 USA Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Dear Editor,Transcription factors （TFs） are proteins that regulate the expression of target genes by binding to specific cis-elements in pro-moter regions. Transcriptional regulators （TRs） a）so regulate the expression of target genes; however, they operate indirectly via interaction with the basal transcription apparatus （e.g., TFs）, or by altering the accessibility of DNA to TFs via chromatin remodeling. Another type of regulatory proteins, protein kinases （PKs）,

关键词： Mystery Mendel's Magnesium

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