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Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China

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Chinese Birds 2015年第2期6卷 60-91页

作者： Per Alstrom Canwei Xia Pamela C Rasmussen Urban Olsson Bo Dai jian Zhao paul j Leader Geoff j Carey Lu Dong Tianlong Cai paul I Holt Hung Le Manh Gang Song Yang Liu Yanyun Zhang Fumin Lei Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal University Department of Integrative Biology and MSU Museum Michigan State University Bird Group The Natural History Museum at Tring Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences Systematics and BiodiversityUniversity of Gothenburg College of Life Sciences Leshan Normal University State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and College of Ecology and Evolution Sun Yat-sen University c/o AEC Ltd 121–127 Commercial CentrePalm SpringsYuen LongHong Kong College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bracken Dean PendletonClitheroeLancashire BB7 1PTUK Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

Background: The Russet Bush Warbler Locustella(previously Bradypterus) mandelli complex occurs in mountains in the eastern Himalayas, southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The taxonomy has been debated,with one(L. seebohmi) to four(L. seebohmi, L. mandelli, L. montis and L. timorensis) species having been ***: We used an integrative approach, incorporating analyses of morphology, vocalizations and a molecular marker, to re-evaluate species limits in the L. mandelli ***: We found that central Chinese L. mandelli differed from those from India through northern Southeast Asia to southeast China in plumage, morphometrics and song. All were easily classified by song, and(wing + culmen)/tail ratio overlapped only marginally. Both groups were reciprocally monophyletic in a mitochondrial cytochrome b(cytb) gene tree, with a mean divergence of 1.0 ± 0.2%. They were sympatric and mostly altitudinally segregated in the breeding season in southern Sichuan province. We found that the Mt Victoria(western Myanmar) population differed vocally from other L. mandelli, but no specimens are available. Taiwan Bush Warbler L. alishanensis was sister to the L. mandelli complex, with the most divergent song. Plumage, vocal and cytb evidence supported the distinctness of the south Vietnamese L. mandelli idonea. The Timor Bush Warbler L. timorensis, javan Bush Warbler *** and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi differed distinctly in plumage, but among-population song variation in L. montis exceeded the differences between some populations of these taxa, and mean pairwise cytb divergences were only 0.5–0.9%. We also found that some L. montis populations differed ***: We conclude that the central Chinese population of Russet Bush Warbler represents a new species,which we describe herein, breeding at mid elevations in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou *** taxonomic status of the other allopatric populati

关键词： Bradypterus Cryptic species Locustella seebohmi Locustella mandelli Locustella montis Locustella timorensis Locustella alishanen

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Changes in fetal mannose and other carbohydrates induced by a maternal insulin infusion in pregnant sheep

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 222-229页

作者： Laura D Brown Stephanie R Thorn Alex Cheung jinny R Lavezzi Frederick C Battaglia paul j Rozance Perinatal Research Center Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Center for Women’s Health Research University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine

Background： The importance of non-glucose carbohydrates, especially mannose and inositol, for normal development is increasingly recognized. Whether pregnancies complicated by abnormal glucose transfer to the fetus also affect the regulation of non-glucose carbohydrates is unknown. In pregnant sheep, maternal insulin infusions were used to reduce glucose supply to the fetus for both short （2-wk） and long （8-wk） durations to test the hypothesis that a maternal insulin infusion would suppress fetal mannose and inositol concentrations. We also used direct fetal insulin infusions （1-wk hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp） to determine the relative importance of fetal glucose and insulin for regulating non-glucose carbohydrates. Results： A maternal insulin infusion resulted in lower maternal （50%, P 〈 0.01） and fetal （35-45%, P 〈 0.01） mannose concentrations, which were highly correlated （r^2 = 0.69, P 〈 0.01）. A fetal insulin infusion resulted in a 50% reduction of fetal mannose （P 〈 0.05）. Neither maternal nor fetal plasma inositol changed with exogenous insulin infusions. Additionally, maternal insulin infusion resulted in lower fetal sorbitol and fructose （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Chronically decreased glucose supply to the fetus as well as fetal hyperinsulinemia both reduce fetal non-glucose carbohydrates. Given the role of these carbohydrates in protein glycosylation and lipid production, more research on their metabolism in pregnancies complicated by abnormal glucose metabolism is clearly warranted.

关键词： Fructose Glucose Inositol Insulin Mannose Pregnancy

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Sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke:clinical relevance and management strategies for the neurologist

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 258-266页

作者： Kevin C j Yuen Valerie Sharf Elizabeth Smith Minhwan Kim Alissya S M Yuen paul R MacDonald Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA University of Arizona College of Medicine and Creighton School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Midwestern University GlendaleIllinoisUSA Creighton University School of Medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA University of California Davis DavisCaliforniaUSA

Sodium and water perturbations,manifesting as hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,are common in patients who had an acute stroke,and are associated with worse outcomes and increased *** non-stroke related causes of sodium and water perturbations in these patients include underlying comorbidities and concomitant ***,hospitalised patients who had an acute stroke may receive excessive intravenous hypotonic solutions,have poor fluid intake due to impaired neurocognition and consciousness,may develop sepsis or are administered drugs(eg,mannitol);factors that can further alter serum sodium *** and water perturbations can also be exacerbated by the development of endocrine consequences after an acute stroke,including secondary adrenal insufficiency,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and diabetes ***,COVID-19 infection has been reported to increase the risk of development of sodium and water perturbations that may further worsen the outcomes of patients who had an acute *** there are currently no accepted consensus guidelines on the management of sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke,we conducted a systematic review of the literature published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between january 2000 and December 2020,according to PRISMA guidelines,to assess on the current knowledge and clinical practices of this *** this review,we discuss the signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,the pathogenesis of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,their clinical relevance,and we provide our recommendations for effective treatment strategies for the neurologist in the management of sodium and water perturbations in commonly encountered aetiologies of patients who had an acute stroke.

关键词： patients impaired consequences

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Variability in conflict of interest disclosures by physicians presenting trauma research

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World journal of Orthopedics 2017年第4期8卷 329-335页

作者： Kevin Wong paul H Yi Rohith Mohan Kevin j Choo Boston University Medical Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California San Francisco Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochester

AIM To quantify the variability of financial disclosures by authors presenting orthopaedic trauma research. METHODS Self-reported authorship disclosure information published for the 2012 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons(AAOS) and Orthopaedic Trauma Association(OTA) meetings was compiled from meeting programs. Both the AAOS and OTA required global disclosures for participants. Data collected included:(1) total number of presenters;(2) number of presenters with financial disclosures;(3) number of disclosures per author;(4) total number of companies supporting each author; and(5) specific type of disclosure. Disclosures made by authors presenting at more than one meeting were then compared for *** Of the 5002 and 1168 authors presenting at the AAOS and OTA annual meetings, respectively, 1649(33%) and 246(21.9%) reported a financial disclosure(P jority of authors with disclosures reported three or more disclosures(n = 876, 53.1%). The most common cited disclosurewas as a paid consultant(51.5%) followed by research support(43.0%) and paid speaker(34.8%). Among the 256 physicians with financial disclosures presenting at the OTA conference, the mean number of disclosures was 4.03 with a range from 1 to 22. Similar to the AAOS conference, the majority of authors with any disclosures at the OTA conference reported three or more disclosures(n = 140, 54.7%). Most authors with a disclosure had three or more disclosures and the most common type of disclosure was paid consulting. At the OTA conference, the most commonly cited form of disclosure was paid consultant(54.3%) followed by research support(46.1%) and paid speaker(42.6%). Of the 346 researchers who presented at both meetings, 112(32.4%) authors were found to have at least one disclosure discrepancy. Among authors with a discrepancy, 36(32.1%) had three or

关键词： Conflict of interest Financial disclosures Ethics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Orthopaedic Trauma Association

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Tobacco Transcription Factors NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b Form Nuclear Complexes with the NtjAZ1 Repressor and Regulate Multiple jasmonate-lnducible Steps in Nicotine Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 73-84页

作者： Hong-Bo Zhang Marta T. Bokowiec paul j. Rushton Sheng-Cheng Han Michael R Timko Department of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Department of Biology and Microbiology South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 USA College of Life Science Beijing NormalUniversity Beijing 100875 China

Biotic and abiotic stress lead to elevated levels of jasmonic acid （jA） and its derivatives and activation of the biosynthesis of nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids in cultivated tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.）. Among the jA- responsive genes is NtPMTla, encoding putrescine N-methyl transferase, a key regulatory enzyme in nicotine formation. We have characterized three genes （NtMYC2a, b, c） encoding basic helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factors （TFs） whose expression is rapidly induced by jA and that specifically activate jA-inducible NtPMTla expression by binding a G-box motif within the NtPMTla promoter in in vivo and in vitro assays. Using split-YFP assays, we further show that, in the absence of jA, NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b are present as nuclear complexes with the NtjAZ1 repressor. RNA interference （RNAi）-mediated knockdown of NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b expression results in significant decreases in jA-inducible NtPMTla transcript levels, as well as reduced levels of transcripts encoding other enzymes involved in nicotine and minor alkaloid biosynthesis, in- cluding an 80-90% reduction in the level of transcripts encoding the putative nicotine synthase gene NtA662. In contrast, ectopic overexpression of NtMYC2a and NtMYC2b had no effect on NtPMTla expression in the presence or absence of exogenously added jA. These data suggest that NtMYC2a, b, c are required components of jA-inducible expression of multiple genes in the nicotine biosynthetic pathway and may act additively in the activation of jA responses.

关键词： COl1 jasmonate MYC2 nicotine tobacco.

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Analytical formulation for the bend loss in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers

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Photonics Research 2017年第2期5卷 88-91页

作者： MICHAEL H.FROSZ paul ROTH MEHMET C.GüNENDI PHILIP ST.j.RUSSELL Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light

Understanding bend loss in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers(PCFs)is becoming of increasing importance as the fibers enter practical *** purely numerical approaches are useful,there is a need for a simpler analytical formalism that provides physical insight and can be directly used in the design of PCFs with low bend *** show theoretically and experimentally that a wavelength-dependent critical bend radius exists below which the bend loss reaches a maximum,and that this can be calculated from the structural parameters of a fiber using a simple analytical *** allows straightforward design of single-ring PCFs that are bend-insensitive for specified ranges of bend radius and *** also can be used to derive an expression for the bend radius that yields optimal higher-order mode suppression for a given fiber structure.

关键词： core ring Analytical formulation for the bend loss in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers PCF

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A machine learning approach to tungsten prospectivity modelling using knowledge-driven feature extraction and model confidenc

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2067-2081页

作者： Christopher M.Yeomans Robin K.Shail Stephen Grebby Vesa Nykanen Maarit Middleton paul A.j.Lusty Camborne School of Mines College of EngineeringMathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwallTR109FEUK British Geological Survey Environmental Science CentreKeyworthNottinghamshireNG125GGUK University of Nottingham Nottingham Geospatial InstituteInnovation ParkNottinghamNG72TUUK Geological Survey of Finland P.O.Box 77FI-96101RovaniemiFinland

Novel mineral prospectivity modelling presented here applies knowledge-driven feature extraction to a datadriven machine learning approach for tungsten *** method emphasises the importance of appropriate model evaluation and develops a new Confidence Metric to generate spatially refined and robust exploration *** data-driven Random ForestTM algorithm is employed to model tungsten mineralisation in SW England using a range of geological,geochemical and geophysical evidence layers which include a depth to granite evidence *** models are presented,one using standardised input variables and a second that implements fuzzy set theory as part of an augmented feature extraction *** use of fuzzy data transformations mean feature extraction can incorporate some user-knowledge about the mineralisation into the *** typically subjective approach is guided using the Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)curve tool where transformed data are compared to known training *** modelling is conducted using 34 known true positive samples with 10 sets of randomly generated true negative samples to test the random effect on the *** two models have similar accuracy but show different spatial distributions when identifying highly prospective *** analysis shows that the fuzzy-transformed model is a better discriminator and highlights three areas of high prospectivity that were not previously *** Confidence Metric,derived from model variance,is employed to further evaluate the *** new metric is useful for refining exploration targets and highlighting the most robust areas for follow-up *** fuzzy-transformed model is shown to contain larger areas of high model confidence compared to the model using standardised ***,legacy mining data,from drilling reports and mine descriptions,is used to further validate the fuzzy-transformed model and gauge the depth of potential *** of m

关键词： Machine learning Mineral prospectivity modelling Mineral exploration Random ForestTM Tungsten SW England

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Accuracy of biometric formulae for intraocular lens power calculation in a teaching hospital

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第1期13卷 61-65页

作者： Kevin S Tang Elaine M Tran Allison j Chen David R Rivera jorge j Rivera paul B Greenberg Division of Ophthalmology Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidence 02903Rhode IslandUSA Section of Ophthalmology Providence VA Medical CenterProvidence 02908Rhode IslandUSA Shiley Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology University of California San DiegoLa Jolla 92093CaliforniaUSA

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of three commonly used biometric formulae across different axial lengths(ALs) at one United States Veterans Affairs teaching ***: A retrospective chart review was conducted from November 2013 to May 2018. One eye of each patient who underwent cataract surgery with a monofocal intraocular lens(IOL) was included. The range of postoperative follow-up period was from 3 wk to 4 mo. The Holladay 2, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-Radial Basis Function(Hill-RBF) formulae were used to predict the postoperative refraction for all cataract surgeries. For each formula, we calculated the prediction errors [including mean absolute prediction error(MAE)] and the percentage of eyes within ±0.25 diopter(D) and ±0.5 D of predicted refraction. We performed subgroup analyses for short(AL25.0 mm).RESULTS: A total of 1131 patients were screened, and 909 met the inclusion criteria. Resident ophthalmologists were the primary surgeons in 710(78.1%) cases. We found no statistically significant difference in predictive accuracy among the three formulae over the entire AL range or in the short, medium, and long eye subgroups. Across the entire AL range, the Hill-RBF formula resulted in the lowest MAE(0.384 D) and the highest percentage of eyes with postoperative refraction within ±0.25 D(42.7%) and ±0.5 D(75.5%) of predicted. All three formulae had the highest MAEs(>0.5 D) and lowest percentage within ±0.5 D of predicted refraction(<55%) in short ***: In cataract surgery patients at our teaching hospital, three commonly used biometric formulae demonstrate similar refractive accuracy across all ALs. Short eyes pose the greatest challenge to predicting postoperative refractive error.

关键词： cataract surgery biometry intraocular lens power calculation

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Glutamate reduces experimental intestinal hyperpermeability and facilitates glutamine support of gut integrity

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第12期17卷 1569-1573页

作者： Mechteld AR Vermeulen jeffrey de jong Mathijs j Vaessen paul AM van Leeuwen Alexander Pj Houdijk Department of Surgery VU University Medical Center1007 MB AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Gemini Hospital1782 GZ Den HelderThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Medical Center Alkmaar1815 JD AlkmaarThe Netherlands

AIM:To assess whether glutamate plays a similar role to glutamine in preserving gut wall ***:The effects of glutamine and glutamate on induced hyperpermeability in intestinal cell lines were *** hyperpermeability was induced in *** and HT-29CL.19A cell lines by adding phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate(PDB) apically,after which the effects of glutamine and glutamate on horseradish peroxidase(HRP) diffusion were *** inhibitor of glutamate transport(L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid:trans-PDC) and an irreversible blocker(acivicin) of the extracellular glutamine to glutamate converting enzyme,γ-glutamyltransferase,were ***:Apical to basolateral HRP flux increased significantly compared to controls not exposed to PDB (n=30,P<0.001).Glutamine application reduced hyperpermeability by 19%and 39%in the respective cell *** application reduced hyperpermeability by 30%and 20%,*** of HT29CL.19A cells with acivicin and subsequent PDB and glutamine addition increased permeability *** of *** cells with trans-PDC followed by PDB and glutamate addition also resulted in high permeability ***:Apical glutamate-similar to glutaminecan decrease induced paracellular *** conversion of glutamine to glutamate and subsequent uptake of glutamate could be a pivotal step in the mechanism underlying the protective effect of glutamine.

关键词： Apical Basolateral Flux Glutamate Glutamine Gut protection Gut wall integrity Intestine Permeability

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Phosphorus recovery:a need for an integrated approach

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第2期4卷 22-32页

作者： Suriyanarayanan Sarvajayakesavalu Yonglong Lu paul.j.A.Withers paulo Sergio Pavinato Gang Pan Pisit Chareonsudjai State Key Lab ofUrban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina SCOPE(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) BeijingChina Department of Water and Health Faculty of Life SciencesJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(Deemed to be University)MysuruIndia School of Environment Natural Resources and GeographyBangor UniversityBangorUK "Luiz de Queiroz"College of Agriculture Department of Soil SdienceUniversity of Sao PauloPiracicabaBrazi School of Animal Ruraland Environmental SciencesNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Department of Environmental Science Faculty of ScienceKhonKaen UniversityKhonKaenThailand

Introduction:Phosphorus(P)is an essential element in food production.P consumption is increasing over the years due to increasing population and increasing demand for agricultural *** the agricultural P through the understanding of bioav ailability,transport,and runoff will maximize the soil productivity and minimize the environmental *** management in agriculture,governance,and lack of integrated international govern-ance need to be addressed to overcome the P scarcity *** and Discussions:This article is focusing one such efficient management of P resource addressing the major portion of phosphorus which is unnoticed in agricultural residues,manures,and other *** cost of phosphate fertilizer,a scarcity of high-quality phosphate rock(PR),and increasing surface water pollution are driving a need to accelerate the recovery and reuse of phosphorus(P)from various waste *** to recover P occur all along the open P cycle from mining to households to ***,P recovery as a regional and global strategy toward P sustainability and future food,bio energy,and water security are in its infancy because of a number of technological,socioeconomic,and institutional *** these constraints requires concerted colla boration between relevant stakeholders and an integrated approach combining successful business models with socioeconomic and institutional changes.

关键词： Phosphorus recovery and reuse phosphatic fertilizers depletion eutrophication

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