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Historical Trajectories of Disaster Risk in Dominica

International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 149-165页

作者： j.nni barclay Emily Wilkinson Carole S.White Clare Shelton johanna Forster Roger Few Irene Lorenzoni George Woolhouse Claire jowitt Harriette Stone Lennox Honychurch School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Overseas Development Institute London SE18NJUK School of International Development University of EastAngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Civil Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics HRWallingfordHowbery ParkWallingford OX108BAUK School of History University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversityCollege LondonLondon WC1E6BTUK University of the West Indies Open Campus DominicaRoseauDominica

The calamitous consequences of 2017 Hurricane Maria for the Caribbean island of Dominica highlighted the acute and increasing susceptibility of the region to disasters. Despite increasing international attention to disaster risk reduction, recovery from hazard events can be especially lengthy and difficult for small island developing states. In this article, we build on existing understandings of disaster risk as a physical and social condition, showing that historical processes are fundamental to understanding how conditions of risk emerge and persist over time. We take an integrated approach to analyzing the drivers of risk accumulation, using the example of Dominica, where processes set in motion during the colonial period have shaped the location of people and assets, the degree to which they might be harmed, the societal repercussions of that harm and the prospects for recovery. We focus on the underlying economic vulnerabilities and physical exposure to hazards created by agricultural, economic, and social practices, and successive disaster responses that have constrained recovery. Uncovering these historical drivers and persistent issues, elucidates lessons for pursuing a more resilient development trajectory, including through the promotion of economic restructuring and diversification, and land reform.

关键词： Dominica Historical trajectories Natural hazards Resilience Risk exposure Small island developing states

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原镁生产中的能耗

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轻金属 1978年第3期 45-47页

作者： j.barclay 郑宏

尽管镁是地壳中第三种最丰富的元素,而且海水中的镁取之不尽,此外,还有菱镁矿、白云石这些矿物和含MgCl的盐水以及大盐湖水等镁资沅,但至今镁仍未达到作为结构材料

关键词：海水制取非金属矿物氯化镁溶液能量消耗电解法电化学分析原产品白云石镁肥金属金属材料

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Healthcare Overuse： A Literature Review and Taxonomy Proposal

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journal of Health Science 2016年第2期4卷 83-92页

作者： Eva Koeller Colleen barclay Tina L. Velasquez Russell Harris Melissa R. Partin Elisheva R. Danan Nancy Greer Timothy j. Wilt Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and the Minneapolis Vii High Value Care Initiative Minneapolis VA Health Care System Minneapolis MN 55417 USA Sheps Center for Health Services Research University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Department of Medicine Section of General Internal Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55417 USA

Healthcare overuse is the provision of care in which the benefits do not justify the harms and/or costs. Overuse literature is poorly categorized thus impeding research, practice, and policy to reduce overuse and improve healthcare quality. We developed an overuse taxonomy and searched for and reviewed the healthcare overuse literature in an attempt to better understand and categorize research on overuse practice and patterns. We found that more than two-thirds of articles were observational （70%）, the most prevalent purpose of overuse was treatment/secondary prevention （69%）, the most common type of overuse was overtreatment （73 %）, drivers of and methods to reduce overuse were each discussed in about 40% of abstracts, and the most frequently mentioned clinical area was pharmacy. A high volume of overuse literature exists. However, the majority of overuse research is observational, descriptive, and focuses on overtreatment and overprescribing rather than methods to reduce overuse. Some overuse is not labelled as such. Our taxonomy adequately organized the existing literature and identified areas where additional research efforts are most needed. A common taxonomy, such as ours, could help researchers categorize their work, assist clinicians and policymakers in identifying and implementing findings, and guide future research to improve healthcare quality.

关键词： Healthcare overuse overtreatment overuse healthcare utilization.

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铸铁磨球的特性及使用性能

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综合智慧能源 1985年第5期 33-38页

作者： j.C.Farge G.B.barclay 王兰璋

磨球主要是根据成本和磨耗的比较,结合考虑到材料必须有足够的韧性以便在使用中不会早期断裂来选择。磨机的管理人员总是对降低磨碎矿物的成本感兴趣,因此他们购买每磨一吨矿石磨耗材料花钱最少的那种合金。

关键词：马氏体组织铸铁磨球碳化物网白口铸铁白口铁使用性能

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多发性皮肤和子宫平滑肌瘤的临床特征:尚无系统性诊断标准的肿瘤综合征

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 34-35页

作者： Alam N.A. barclay E. Rowan A.j. I.P.M.Tomlinson 刘燕 Molec. and Pop. Genetics Laboratory Cancer Research UK Lincoln' s Inn Fields London WC2A 3PX United Kingdom Dr.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of the multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis (MCUL) syndrome, including the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome. Design: A case series of patients with multiple skin leiomyomas solicited via a circular letter to dermatologists. Setting: Research institute. Patients: A total of 108 affected individuals, including 46 probands and 62 affected relatives. Main Outcome Measures: The proportion of probands with underlying fumarate hydratase (FH) mutations, the penetrance of FH mutations, and clinicopathologic features of MCUL. Results: Forty-one (89% ) of 46 probands with multiple skin leiomyomas had evidence of germline FH mutations, which were highly penetrant. All 26 male mutation carriers had skin leiomyomas. Of 67 women with FH mutations, 46 (69% ) had both skin and uterine leiomyomas; 10 (15% ) had only skin leiomyomas;5(7% )had only uterine leiomyomas;and 6(9% )were clinically unaffected. Patients presented with skin leiomyomas at a mean age of 24 years and had a mean of 25 lesions. Forty-one individuals (89% ) reported painful lesions, particularly in response to cold or trauma. Fibroids were histologically unremarkable, highly symptomatic, and associated with a high risk of early hysterectomy. One individual had a very aggressive collecting duct renal cancer. The G354R FH mutation predisposed patients to uterine fibroids without skin leiomyomas (P=.03). Many patients with skin leiomyomas had not previously presented for medical attention. Fibroids were rarely recognized as cases of MCUL. Conclusions: Highly penetrant FH mutations underlie MCUL. Increased clinical awareness is important because of the associated risk of severe uterine fibroids and, in some cases, aggressive renal cancer.

关键词：子宫平滑肌瘤诊断标准子宫纤维瘤种系突变外显率组织学检查肾细胞癌延胡索酸水合酶先证者发病年龄

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当代艺术家丙烯画材料与技法

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丛书名：当代艺术家绘画材料与技法丛书

1999年

作者：（美）巴克利·希克斯（barclay Sheaks）鹿镭译

本书是一本介绍当代丙烯画材料和技法的专著。内容分为材料和工具、基本概念两部分。是一本既具有很高的学术价值，又贴近艺术实践，具有可操作性。是我国画家、艺术院校学生、美术爱好者必备的工具书。

ISBN: (纸本)7500634366

关键词：丙烯画技法美术

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Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE

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Science Bulletin 2022年第22期67卷 2336-2344页

作者： Ulf Büntgen Alan Crivellaro Dominique Arseneault Mike Baillie David barclay Mauro Bernabei jarno Bontadi Gretel Boswijk David Brown Duncan A.Christie Olga V.Churakova Edward R.Cook Rosanne D’Arrigo Nicole Davi jan Esper Patrick Fonti Ciara Greaves Rashit M.Hantemirov Malcolm K.Hughes Alexander V.Kirdyanov Paul j.Krusic Carlos Le Quesne Fredrik C.Ljungqvist Michael Mc.Cormick Vladimir S.Myglan Kurt Nicolussi Clive Oppenheimer jonathan Palmer Chun Qin Frederick Reinig Matthew Salzer Markus Stoffel Max Torbenson Mirek Trnka Ricardo Villalba Nick Wiesenberg Greg Wiles Bao Yang Alma Piermattei Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Swiss Federal Research Institute(WSL) Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Global Change Research Centre(CzechGlobe) Brno 60300Czech Republic Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno 61300Czech Republic Forest Biometrics Laboratory Faculty of Forestry“Stefan cel Mare”University of SuceavaSuceava 720229Romania Department of Biology Chemistry and GeographyUniversity of Quebec in RimouskiRimouski Qc.G5L 3A1Canada Archaeology&Palaeoecology School of Natural and Built EnvironmentQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Department of Geology State University of New York at CortlandCortland NY 13045USA CNR-IBE Institute of BioEconomyNational Research CouncilTrento 38121Italy School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia 509000Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR) Santiago 8370449Chile Cape Horn International Center(CHIC) Punta Arenas 6200000Chile Institute of Ecology and Geography Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Tree-Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades NY 10964USA Department of Environmental Science William Paterson UniversityWayne NJ 07470USA Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz 55099Germany Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburg 620144Russia Ural Institute of Humanities Ural Federal UniversityYekaterinburg 620002Russia Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721USA Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Department of Physical Geography Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study

Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89Blue Rings(lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings(cell deformation and collapse), and 93Light Rings(reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-july and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.

关键词： Blue Rings Climate extremes Dendrochronology Late Antiquity Tree rings Volcanic eruptions

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稳定性慢性心力衰竭患者B型利钠肽水平与左房容积的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 36-36页

作者： barclay j.L. Kruszewski K. Croal B.L. G.S. Hillis 黄浙勇 Department of Cardiology Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Aberdeen United Kingdom Dr.

This study assessed the relation between B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) and echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular(LV) filling pressure in 53 patients with stable heart failure and without significant valvular dysfunction. Left atrial volume indexed to body surface area(LAVi), an indicator of chronic LV filling pressure, was correlated with BNP(r=0.692, p31 ml/m2, LAVi had a sensitivity of 92%and a specificity of 65%for BNP ≥100 pg/ml. Patients with LAVi >31 ml/m2 had a median BNP of 122 pg/ml, compared with 21 pg/ml in patients with LAVi ≤31 ml/m2(p< 0.001). These findings suggest that in patients with stable heart failure, BNP levels are related to chronic LV filling pressures. This may help explain the relatively modest correlation between BNP and acute measures of LV filling and the heterogeneity in BNP levels in patients with stable heart failure.

关键词：利钠肽水平慢性心力衰竭 B型利钠肽左房容积指数左室充盈压左心室充盈压最佳预测体表面积瓣

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Diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata induce tumour-selective cytotoxicity by taking the brakes off apoptosis

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Medicinal Plant Biology 2022年第1期1卷 8-23页

作者： Matthew L.Tomlinson Man Zhao Elaine j.barclay jie Li Haixiu Li juri Felix Lionel Hill Gerhard Saalbach Martin Rejzek Dongfeng Yang Qing Zhao Paul Kroon Wei Wang Yongping Bao Melanie-jayne R.Howes Evangelos C.Tatsis Cathie Martin The john Innes Centre NorwichNR47UHUnited Kingdom College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310058China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Royal Botanic Gardens Kew RichmondSurreyLondon TW93ABUnited Kingdom College of Life Sciences Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityXiasha Higher Education ZoneHangzhou 310018China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research ParkNorwichNR47UAUnited Kingdom Norwich Medical School University of East AngliaNorwichNorfolkNR47TJUnited Kingdom CEPAMS:CAS-jIC Centre of Excellence in Plant and Microbial Sciences

Medicinal plants are an excellent source of structurally diverse,bio-active compounds with potential in the fight against *** of the most promising is Scutellaria barbata,prescribed traditionally for the treatment of *** A is the major diterpenoid,produced in specialized large,peltate trichomes on leaves of *** induces dose-dependent apoptosis,specifically in cancer *** major class of proteins down-regulated are pro-survival proteins,the Inhibitors of Apoptosis(IAPs),and IAP regulating *** propose that scutebarbatine A works by releasing the molecular brakes(the IAPs)on apoptosis in cell death-evading cancer *** between the cytotoxicity of methanolic extracts of *** leaves and decoctions(Ban Zhi Lian)prepared traditionally,showed substantially different chemical compositions and differential induction of *** suggest polyvalency between the constituents in both extracts,and ways to produce enhanced chemopreventive preparations for the treatment of cancer.

关键词： prescribed methanol structurally

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