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Intelligent Machine Learning Based Brain Tumor Segmentation through Multi-Layer Hybrid U-net with CNN Feature Integration

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1301-1317页

作者： Sharaf j.Malebary Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 344Rabigh21911Saudia Arabia

Brain tumors are a pressing public health concern, characterized by their high mortality and morbidity ***, the manual segmentation of brain tumors remains a laborious and error-prone task, necessitatingthe development of more precise and efficient methodologies. To address this formidable challenge, we proposean advanced approach for segmenting brain tumorMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images that harnesses theformidable capabilities of deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). While CNN-based methodshave displayed promise in the realm of brain tumor segmentation, the intricate nature of these tumors, markedby irregular shapes, varying sizes, uneven distribution, and limited available data, poses substantial obstacles toachieving accurate semantic segmentation. In our study, we introduce a pioneering Hybrid U-net framework thatseamlessly integrates the U-net and CNN architectures to surmount these challenges. Our proposed approachencompasses preprocessing steps that enhance image visualization, a customized layered U-net model tailoredfor precise segmentation, and the inclusion of dropout layers to mitigate overfitting during the training ***, we leverage the CNN mechanism to exploit contextual information within brain tumorMRI images,resulting in a substantial enhancement in segmentation *** experimental results attest to the exceptionalperformance of our framework, with accuracy rates surpassing 97% across diverse datasets, showcasing therobustness and effectiveness of our approach. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive assessment of ourmethod’s capabilities by evaluating various performance measures, including the sensitivity, jaccard-index, andspecificity. Our proposed model achieved 99% accuracy. The implications of our findings are profound. Theproposed Hybrid U-net model emerges as a highly promising diagnostic tool, poised to revolutionize brain tumorimage segmentation for radiologists and clinician

关键词： Brain tumor Hybrid U-net CLAHe transfer learning MRI images

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Advancing cancer cachexia diagnosis with -omics technology and exercise as molecular medicine

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： Stuart j.Hesketh University of Central Lancashire School of MedicinePrestonUK

Muscle atrophy exacerbates disease outcomes and increases mortality,whereas the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and function play pivotal roles in ensuring long-term health and overall *** atrophy represents a significant clinical challenge,involving the continued loss of muscle mass and strength,which frequently accompany the development of numerous types of *** cachexia is a highly prevalent multifactorial syndrome,and although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths,there are still no approved management strategies for the *** etiology of this condition is based on the upregulation of systemic inflammation factors and catabolic stimuli,resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of protein *** necessary cellular processes are disrupted by cachectic pathology,which mediate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in the net loss of muscle and ***,the exact underpinning molecular mechanisms of how these changes are orchestrated are incompletely *** work is still required,but structured exercise has the capacity to counteract numerous detrimental effects linked to cancer *** through the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis,enhancement of mitochondrial function,and the release of *** a result,muscle mass and strength increase,leading to improved mobility,and *** review summarises existing knowledge of the complex molecular networks that regulate cancer cachexia and exercise,highlighting the molecular interplay between the two for potential therapeutic ***,the utility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics is considered as a way of establishing early diagnostic biomarkers of cachectic patients.

关键词： Cancer cachexia exercise Muscle atrophy Molecular medicine Omics

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry j. Klopfenstein Galen erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce e. Anderson Mary e. Drewnoski jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, Ne, USA. each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.F.Li Y.j.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong M.Büscher S.M.Weng M.Chen Z.M.Sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(Moe) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKeN(Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter Grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±Michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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Near-net-Shaped Objects of Re123 Superconductors byInfiltration Processing

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2003年第3期8卷 292-306页

作者： e.S.Reddy G.j.Schmitz ACCeSS Materials and Processes D-52056 AachenGermanyACCESS Materials and ProcessesD-52056 AachenGermany

The fabrication of near-net-shaped objects of Re123 superconductors by 'infiltration processing' is discussed. Near-net-shape processing involves the infiltration of preshaped porous green bodies of either 211 or yttria phases by liquids containing barium cuprates and copper oxides followed by a controlled peritectic solidification. The process yields poly- and also single-crystalline superconducting objects with a shrinkage of less than half of one percent of the green bodies. The preservation of the initial structure of the green bodies results in fabrication of Re 123 in a wide variety of dimensions and complex shapes. The demonstrated products include bulk components like cylinders, single domain thick films on a variety of substrates, freestanding fabrics and open porous superconducting foams. This paper presents a comprehensive description of the infiltration processing technique and the resulting microstructures of the superconducting bodies. The advantages of this technique and practical applications of the processed superconducting structures are highlighted.

关键词： infiltration processing near-net shape shaping joining single domain crystal growth thick films foams applications

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Machine Learning Models of Plastic Flow Based on Representation Theory

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2018年第12期117卷 309-342页

作者： R.e.jones j.A.Templeton C.M.Sanders j.T.Ostien Sandia National Laboratories P.O.Box 969LivermoreCA 94551USA.

We use machine learning(ML)to infer stress and plastic flow rules using data from representative polycrystalline *** particular,we use so-called deep(multilayer)neural networks(NN)to represent the two response *** ML process does not choose appropriate inputs or outputs,rather it is trained on selected inputs and ***,its discrimination of features is crucially connected to the chosen inputoutput ***,we draw upon classical constitutive modeling to select inputs and enforce well-accepted symmetries and other *** the context of the results of numerous simulations,we discuss the design,stability and accuracy of constitutive NNs trained on typical experimental *** these developments,we enable rapid model building in real-time with experiments,and guide data collection and feature discovery.

关键词： Machine learning constitutive modeling plasticity invariance.

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A randomized controlled trial of Promoting Physical Activity in Regional and Remote Cancer Survivors(PPARCS)

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 81-89页

作者： Sarah j.Hardcastle Chloe Maxwell-Smith Vinicius Cavalheri Terry Boyle Marta Leyton Román Cameron Platell Michael Levitt Christobel Saunders Frank Sardelic Sophie Nightingale jacob McCormick Craig Lynch Paul A.Cohen Max Bulsara Dana Hince Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS102BPUK Institute for Health Research The University of Notre DameFremantleWA 6959Australia Curtin School of Population Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Allied Health South Metropolitan Health ServiceMurdochWA 6150Australia Australian Centre for Precision Health University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia Department of Didactics of Musical Plastic and Body ExpressionUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceres 10071Spain St.john of God Subiaco Hospital PerthWA 6008Australia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Tamara Private Hospital TamworthNSW 2340Australia Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre MelbourneVIC 3000Australia College of Health and Medicine Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer *** of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer *** objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in ***:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control *** participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching *** participants received PA print *** assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary ***:eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention *** groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group ***:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer *** results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

关键词： Behavior change exercise Health disparities Oncology Wearable technology

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net ecosystem carbon exchange for Bermuda grass growing in mesocosms as affected by irrigation frequency

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 393-401页

作者： Yuan LI Gabriel *** Timothy j.CLOUGH john e.HUNT David WHITeHeAD Department of Soil and Physical Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647(New Zealand) Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research P.O.Box 69040Lincoln 7640(New Zealand) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020(China) Soil Biology Group Wageningen University and ResearchP.O.Box 47Wageningen 6700 AA(The Netherlands)

Intensification of grazed grasslands following conversion from dryland to irrigated farming has the potential to alter ecosystem carbon(C)cycling and affect components of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange that could lead to either net accumulation or loss of soil *** there are many studies on the effect of water availability on biomass production and soil C stocks,much less is known about the effect of the frequency of water inputs on the components of CO_(2)*** grew Bermuda grass(Cynodon dactylon L.)in mesocosms under irrigation frequencies of every day(I_(1) treatment,30 d),every two days(I_(2) treatment,12 d),every three days(I_(3) treatment,30 d),and every six days(I_(6) treatment,18 d,after I_(2) treatment).Rates of CO_(2)exchange for estimating net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange(F_(N)),ecosystem respiration(R_(e)),and soil respiration(R_(S))were measured,and gross C uptake by plants(F_(G))and respiration from leaves(R_(L))were calculated during two periods,1–12 and 13–30 d,of the 30-d *** the first 12 d,there were no significant differences in cumulative F_(N)(mean±standard deviation,61±30 g C m^(-2),n=4).During the subsequent 18 d,cumulative F_(N) decreased with decreasing irrigation frequency and increasing cumulative soil water deficit(W),with values of 70±22,60±16,and 18±12 g C m^(-2) for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,*** were similar decreases in F_(G),R_(e),and R_(L) with increasing W,but differences in R_(S) were not *** of the C_(4) grass growing in a C_(3)-derived soil enabled partitioning of R_(S) into its autotrophic(R_(A))and heterotrophic(R_(H))components using a^(13)C natural abundance isotopic technique at the end of the experiment when differences in cumulative W between the treatments were the *** values of R_(H) and its percentage contributions to R_(S)(43%±8%,42%±8%,and 8%±5%for the I_(1),I_(3),and I_(6) treatments,respectively)suggested that R_(H) remained unaffected across a wide

关键词： ^(13)C natural abundance CO_(2)exchange N_(2)O emission soil heterotrophic respiration water deficit

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Hydric Properties evolution of <i>Spirulina platensis</i>during Drying: experimental Analysis and Modeling

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 561-577页

作者： eloi Salmwendé Tiendrebeogo Guy Christian Tubreoumya A. O. Dissa A. Compaoré jean Koulidiati F. Cherblanc j.-C. Bénet I. Youm Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de L’environnement (LPCe) Université Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC) CNRS Université de Montpellier 2 Montpellier France Centre de Recherche sur les energies Renouvelables (CeReR) Université Cheick Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

Hydric properties evolution during drying differs from one product to another and has been the subject of various studies due to its crucial importance in modeling the drying process. The variation of these parameters in the solid matrix and in time during the drying of Spirulina platensis has not known an advanced understanding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of the water content profile, the mass flow, the concentration gradient and the diffusion coefficient during the drying of Spirulina platensis taking into account the shrinkage. Modeling and experimental analysis (at 50°C and HR = 6%) by the cutting method a cylinder 20 mm in diameter and 40 mm thick were carried. The water content profiles of two different products grown in semi-industrial farms from Burkina Faso and France with initial water contents respectively of the range from 2.73 kgw/kgdb and 3.12 kgw/kgdb were determined. These profiles have been adjusted by a polynomial function. Identical water behavior is observed regardless of the origin of the samples. Water distribution is heterogeneous. Mass flow and concentration gradient are greater at the edge than inside the product. The water transport coefficient, ranging from 1.70 × 10?10 to 94 × 10?10 m2/s, is determined from a linear approach.

关键词： Drying experiment Modeling Spirulina platensis Hydric Property

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Donor preoperative oxygen delivery and post-extubation hypoxia impact donation after circulatory death hypoxic cholangiopathy

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3392-3403页

作者： Thomas j Chirichella C Michael Dunham Michael A Zimmerman elise M Phelan M Susan Mandell Kendra D Conzen Stephen e Kelley Trevor L Nydam Thomas e Bak Igal Kam Michael e Wachs Department of Surgery Division of Transplant Surgery University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Trauma/Critical Care Services St. Elizabeth Health Center Youngstown OH 44501 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI 53226 United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States Donor Alliance Organ Procurement Organization Denver CO 80045 United States Department of Transplant Surgery Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO 80045 United States

AIM: To evaluate donation after circulatory death (DCD) orthotopic liver transplant outcomes [hypoxic cholangiopathy (HC) and patient/graft survival] and donor ***: From 2003-2013, 45 DCD donor transplants were performed. Predonation physiologic data from UNOS Donornet included preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, SpO2, PaO2, FiO2, and hemoglobin. Mean arterial blood pressure was computed from the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Donor preoperative arterial O2 content was computed as [hemoglobin (gm/dL) × 1.37 (mL O2/gm) × SpO2%) + (0.003 × PaO2)]. The amount of preoperative donor red blood cell transfusions given and vasopressor use during the intensive care unit stay were documented. Donors who were transfused ≥ 1 unit of red-cells or received ≥ 2 vasopressors in the preoperative period were categorized as the red-cell/multi-pressor group. Following withdrawal of life support, donor ischemia time was computed as the number-of-minutes from onset of diastolic blood pressure emia time was the number-of-minutes from onset of pulse oximetry e was (ischemia time + hypoxemia time) ÷ donor preoperative ***: The 1, 3, and 5 year graft and patient survival rates were 83%, 77%, 60%; and 92%, 84%, and 72%, respectively. HC occurred in 49% with 16% requiring retransplant. HC occurred in donors with increased age (33.0 ± 10.6 years vs 25.6 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.014), less preoperative multiple vasopressors or red-cell transfusion (9.5% vs 54.6%, P = 0.002), lower preoperative hemoglobin (10.7 ± 2.2 gm/dL vs 12.3 ± 2.1 gm/dL, P = 0.017), lower preoperative arterial oxygen content (14.8 ± 2.8 mL O2/100 mL blood vs 16.8 ± 3.3 m

关键词： Orthotopic liver transplantation Ischemic cholangiopathy Hypoxic cholangiopathy Donation after circulatory death Biliary complications Reperfusion injury

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