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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第3期20卷 305-307页

作者： jan Novak Matthew B.Renfrow R.Glenn King Colin Reily todd j.Green department of Microbiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

Human adaptive immunity involves the production and secretion of antibodies by differentiated B cells(ie.,antibody-secreting cells,also called plasma cells)in response to *** secreted antigen-specific antibodies are immunoglobulins that are present at substantial concentrations in blood,mucosal secretions,and breast ***,human immunoglobulins consist of two identical heavy(H)chains and two identical light(L)chains that are connected by disulfide bridges to form a homodimer of heterodimers(ie.,H+Ll2).Each heterodimer consists of one H chain linked with one L chain,whereas the homodimer is formed by linking two H chains *** genes for both the L and H chains are encoded by ligated gene segments that are genetically rearranged during V(d)j recombination,a process that endows each B cell with a unique receptor,giving rise to the enormous diversity of the B-cell antigen receptor repertoire.

关键词： IgA1 immunity chains

Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species： The red wolf Canis rufus as a case study

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 191-205页

作者： Eric M. GESE Fred F. KNOWLTON jennifer R. AdAMS Karen BECK todd K. FULLER dennis L. MURRAY todd d. STEURY Michael K. STOSKOPF Will T. WAddELL Lisette P. WAITS USdA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA department ofFish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844-1136 USA Environmental Medicine Consortium College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA department of Environmental Conservation 160 Holdsworth Way University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003-9285 USA department of Biology Trent University 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8 Canada School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA Point defiance Zoo and Aquarium 5400 North Pearl Street Tacoma WA 98407 USA

Hybridization presents a unique challenge for conservation biologists and managers. While hybridization is an important evolutionary process, hybridization is also a threat formany native species. The endangered species recovery effort for the red wolf Canis rufus is a classic system for understanding and addressing the challenges of hybridization. From 1987-1993, 63 red wolves were released from captivity in eastern North Carolina, USA, to establish a free-ranging, non-essential experimental population. By 1999, managers recognized hybridization with invasive coyotes Canis latrans was the single greatest threat to successful recovery, and an adaptive management plan was adopted with innovative approaches for managing the threat of hybri- dization. Here we review the application and results of the adaptive management efforts from 1993 to 2013 by comparing：（1） the numbers of wolves, coyotes, and hybrids captured, （2） the numbers of territorial social groups with presumed breeding capabili- ties, （3） the number of red wolf and hybrid litters documented each year and （4） the degree of coyote introgression into the wild red wolf gene pool. We documented substantial increases in the number of known red wolves and red wolf social groups from 1987-2004 followed by a plateau and slight decline by *** number of red wolf litters exceeded hybrid litters each year and the proportion of hybrid litters per year averaged 21%. The genetic composition of the wild red wolf population is estimated to include 〈 4% coyote ancestry from recent introgression since reintroduction. We conclude that the adaptive management plan was effective at reducing the introgression of coyote genes into the red wolf population, but population recovery of red wolves will require continuation of the current management plan, or alternative approaches, for the foreseeable future. More broadly, we discuss the lessons learned from red wolf adaptive management that could assist other endangered species r

关键词： Canid Conservation Genetics Hybrid Management

Vasopressin in vasoplegic shock:A systematic review

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World journal of Critical Care Medicine 2020年第5期9卷 88-98页

作者： Andrew j Webb Mohamed O Seisa Tarek Nayfeh Patrick M Wieruszewski Scott d Nei nathan j Smischney department of Pharmacy Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Robert d and Patricia E Kern Center For The Science of Health Care delivery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States department of Pharmacy Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States department of Anesthesia Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUNdVasoplegic shock is a challenging complication of cardiac surgery and is oftenresistant to conventional therapies for shock. Norepinephrine and epinephrine arestandards of care for vasoplegic shock, but vasopressin has increasingly been usedas a primary pressor in vasoplegic shock because of its unique pharmacology andlack of inotropic activity. It remains unclear whether vasopressin has distinctbenefits over standard of care for patients with vasoplegic *** summarize the available literature evaluating vasopressin vs non-vasopressinalternatives on the clinical and patient-centered outcomes of vasoplegic shock inadult intensive care unit (ICU) *** was a systematic review of vasopressin in adults (≥ 18 years) with vasoplegicshock after cardiac surgery. Randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts,and retrospective cohorts comparing vasopressin to norepinephrine, epinephrine,methylene blue, hydroxocobalamin, or other pressors were included. The primaryoutcomes of interest were 30-d mortality, atrial/ventricular arrhythmias, stroke,ICU length of stay, duration of vasopressor therapy, incidence of acute kidneyinjury stage II-III, and mechanical ventilation for greater than 48 *** total of 1161 studies were screened for inclusion with 3 meeting inclusioncriteria with a total of 708 patients. Two studies were randomized controlled trials and one was a retrospective cohort study. Primary outcomes of 30-d mortality,stroke, ventricular arrhythmias, and duration of mechanical ventilation weresimilar between groups. Conflicting results were observed for acute kidney injurystage II-III, atrial arrhythmias, duration of vasopressors, and ICU length of staywith higher certainty of evidence in favor of vasopressin serving a protective rolefor these *** was not found to be superior to alternative pressor therapy for any ofthe included outcomes. Results are limited by mixed methodologies, small overallsample si

关键词： Vasopressins Shock Vasoactive agents Treatment outcome Vasoplegia Arginine vasopressin

Multi-Material ALE with AMR for Modeling Hot Plasmas and Cold Fragmenting Materials

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第2期17卷 117-128页

作者： Alice KONIGES nathan MASTERS Aaron FISHER david EdER Wangyi LIU Robert ANdERSON david BENSON Andrea BERTOZZI Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory jacobs School of Engineering 9500 Gilman Dr.UCSDLa JollaCA 92093USA department of Mathematics 520 Portola PlazaUCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA

We have developed a new 3d multi-physics multi-material code, ALE-AMR, which combines Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian （ALE） hydrodynamics with Adaptive Mesh Refinement （AMR） to connect the continuum to the microstructural regimes. The code is unique in its ability to model hot radiating plasmas and cold fragmenting solids. New numerical techniques were developed for many of the physics packages to work efficiently on a dynamically moving and adapting mesh. We use interface reconstruction based on volume fractions of the material components within mixed zones and reconstruct interfaces as needed. This interface reconstruction model is also used for void coalescence and fragmentation. A flexible strength/failure framework allows for pluggable material models, which may require material history arrays to determine the level of accumulated damage or the evolving yield stress in j2 plasticity models. For some applications laser rays are propagating through a virtual composite mesh consisting of the finest resolution representation of the modeled space. A new 2nd order accurate diffusion solver has been implemented for the thermal conduction and radiation transport packages. One application area is the modeling of laser/target effects including debris/shrapnel generation. Other application areas include warm dense matter, EUV lithography, and material wall interactions for fusion devices.

关键词： multi-physics simulations arbitrary lagrangian eulerian hydrodynamics,adaptive mesh refinement fragmentation laser ray tracing NIF

Ecology and Role of the Rove Beetle, <i>dalotia coriaria</i>, and Insidious Flower Bug, <i>Orius insidiosus</i>, in Greenhouse Biological Control Programs

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Advances in Entomology 2017年第4期5卷 115-126页

作者： Raymond A. Cloyd nathan j. Herrick department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Greenhouse production systems typically involve growing multiple crop types simultaneously, including ornamentals and vegetables. Therefore, greenhouse producers commonly deal with multiple pest complexes. Two important insect pests of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops are fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.) and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). A plant protection strategy that can be used to manage both pests is biological control. The rove beetle (dalotia coriaria) and insidious flower bug (Orius insidiosus) are generalist predators commercially available for use in greenhouse production systems targeting fungus gnats and the western flower thrips. This article describes the biology, behavior, ecology, and role of both natural enemies in greenhouse production systems, and discusses the direct and indirect effects of pesticides (insecticides, miticides, and fungicides) on d. coriaria and O. inisidiosus.

关键词： Natural Enemies Predation Pesticides Biological Control Western Flower Thrips Fungus Gnat

Regulation of drug metabolism and toxicity by multiple factors of genetics,epigenetics,lncRNAs,gut microbiota,and diseases:a meeting report of the 21st International Symposium on Microsomes and drug Oxidations(MdO)

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第2期7卷 241-248页

作者： Ai-Ming Yu Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg nathan j.Cherrington Lauren M.Aleksunes Ulrich M.Zanger Wen Xie Hyunyoung jeong Edward M.Morgan Peter j.Turnbaugh Curtis d.Klaassen Aadra P.Bhatt Matthew R.Redinbo Pengying Hao david j.Waxman Li Wang Xiao-bo Zhong department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of California at Davis department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of Arizona department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of PharmacyRutgers University dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Eberhard Karls University Center of Pharmacogenomics and department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Pittsburgh department of Pharmacy Practice School of PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at Chicago department of Pharmacology School of MedicineEmory University department of Microbiology and Immunology and the George William Hooper Research Foundation University of California at San Francisco department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program Boston University department of Physiology and Neurobiology University of Connecticut department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Connecticut

Variations in drug metabolism may alter drug efficacy and cause toxicity;better understanding of the mechanisms and risks shall help to practice precision *** the 21 st International Symposium on Microsomes and drug Oxidations held in davis,California,USA,in October 2-6,2016,a number of speakers reported some new findings and ongoing studies on the regulation mechanisms behind variable drug metabolism and toxicity,and discussed potential implications to personalized medications.A considerably insightful overview was provided on genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression involved in drug absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(AdME) and drug *** drug metabolism and disposition as well as molecular mechanisms among diseased and special populations were *** addition,the roles of gut microbiota in drug metabolism and toxicology as well as long non-coding RNAs in liver functions and diseases were *** findings may offer new insights into improved understanding of AdME regulatory mechanisms and advance drug metabolism research.

关键词： drug metabolism and toxicity Genetics Epigenetics Gut microbiota Long non-coding RNAs disease Personalized medication

Human Smuggling and the International Sex Trade： An Evaluation of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act

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Sociology Study 2013年第1期3卷 23-39页

作者： Ben Atkins nathan R. Moran Robert d. Hanser Midwestern State University US University of Louisiana at Monroe US

The United States Congress set a benchmark in US anti-human trafficking policy with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 （TVPA 2000j. The TVPA 2000 and its subsequent reauthorizations in 2003, 2005, and 2008 were put forth to increase the scope, focus, and effectiveness of US efforts to combat human trafficking. In-depth analyses of each reauthorization provide an understanding of the aims of the TVPA. The evolution of the TVPA reauthorizations dearly demonstrates that the US is committed to thwarting human trafficking both domestically and internationally. The analyses examine strengths and weaknesses of the legislation and provide insight as to how the TVPA reached its current state as the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 （TVPRA 2008）. drawing from the evolution of TVPA legislation, the future of the human trafficking phenomenon and legislation is discussed.

关键词： Human trafficking human slavery organized crime

REdOX IMAGING OF THE p53-dEPENdENT MITOCHONdRIAL REdOX STATE IN COLON CANCER EX VIVO

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2013年第3期6卷 1-10页

作者： HE N.XU MIN FENG LILY MOON nathan dOLLOFF WAFIKEL-dEIRY LIN Z.LI department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging johnson Research Foundation department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA department of Medicine Penn State Hershey Medical Center and Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA Hematology/Oncology Penn State Hershey Medical Center HersheyPAUSA Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA

The mitochondrial redox state and its heterogeneity of colon cancer at tissue level have not been previously *** has how p53 regulates mitochondial respi ration been measured at(deep)tissue level,presumably due to the unavailability of the technology that has sufficient spatial resolution and tissue penetration *** prior work demonstrated that the mito-chondrial redox state and its intnatumor heterogeneity is associated with cancer aggressiveness in human melanoma and breast cancer in mouse models,with the more metastatic tumons exhi-bit ing localized negions of more oxidized redox *** the Chance redox scanner with an in-plane spatial resolution of 200 pm,we imaged the mitochondrial redox state of the wild-type p53 colon tumors(HCT116 p53 ut)and the p5-deleted colon tumors(HCT116 p53-/-)by cllcting the fuorescence si gnals of nicotinamide adenine dimucleotide(NA dH)and oxidized flavoproteins [Fp,including favin adenine dinucleotide(FAd)]from the mouse xenogmafts snap frozen at low *** results show that:(1)both tumor lines have significant degree of intratumor heterogeneity of the redox state,typically exhibiting a distinct bi modal distribution that either correlates with the spatial core-rim pattern or the“hot/oold”oxida tion-roduction patches;.(2)the p531-group is significantly more beterogencous in the mitochondrial redox state and has a more oxidized turmor core compared to the p53 wt group when the tunor sizes of the two groups are matched;(3)the tumor size dependence of the redox indices(such as Fp and Fp redox ratio)is significant in the p531-group with the larger ones being more oxidized and more hetero-geneous in their redox state,particularly more oxidized in the tumor central regions;(4)the H&E staining images of tumor soctions grossly correlate with the redox *** present work is the first to reveal at the submillimeter scale the intratumor heterogeneity pattem of the mitochon-drial redox state in colon cancer and

关键词： NAdH favoprotein intratumor heterogeneity HCT116 p53 null necrotic

Haemovigilance and experience of the serlous hazards of transfusion(SHOT)scheme in the United Kingdom(UK)

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中国输血杂志 2001年第S1期14卷 206-210页

作者： EMLove Hjomes Williamson H Cohen A todd K Soldan j Revill d R Norfolk j Barbara C L j Atterbury dAsher On be half of the SHOT Steering Group On be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Steering GroupOn be half of the SHOT Stee

dietary resistant starch ameliorating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in meat ducks associated with the alteration in gut microbiome and glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1945-1958页

作者： Simeng Qin Weiqiang Bai todd jApplegate Keying Zhang Gang Tian Xuemei ding Shiping Bai jianping Wang Li Lv Huanwei Peng Yue Xuan Qiufeng Zeng Institute of Animal Nutrition Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of ChinaMinistry of EducationSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China department of Poultry Science University of Georgia110 Cedar StAthensGA 30602USA

Background:Consumption of resistant starch(RS)has been associated with various intestinal and systemic health benefits,but knowledge of its effects on intestinal health and inflammatory response in stressed birds is ***,we examined how dietary RS supplementation from 12%raw potato starch(RPS)modulated inflammatory severity induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in meat ***:LPS administration at 14,16,and 18 d(chronic challenge)decreased body weight(BW)and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R)level with higher intestinal permeability and inflammation,evident by higher proinflammatory cytokine *** 12%RPS supplementation enhanced Claudin-1 and GLP-1R expression,along with lower levels of inflammatory factors in both ileum and *** analysis showed that RS treatment shifted microbial structure reflected by enriched the proportion of Firmicutes,Bifidobacterium,Ruminococcus,*** RS addition also significantly increased the concentrations of propionate and butyrate during chronic LPS ***,response to acute challenge,the ducks received 2 mg/kg BW LPS at 14 d had higher concentrations of serum endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines,as well as upregulated transcription of toll like receptor 4(TLR4)in ileum when compared to control *** to GLP-1 agonist liraglutide,dietary RS addition decreased endotoxins and inflammation cytokines,whereas it upregulated the GLP-1 synthesis related genes ***,dietary RS supplementation suppressed the acute LPS challenge-induced TLR4 ***:These data suggest that dietary 12%RPS supplementation could attenuate the LPS-induced inflammation as well as intestinal injury of meat ducks,which might involve in the alteration in gut microbiota,SCFAs production and the signaling pathways of TLR4 and GLP-1/GLP-1R.

关键词： GLP-1 Inflammatory response Intestinal integrity Microbiota Resistant starch