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A unique subseafloor microbiosphere in the Mariana Trench driven by episodic sedimentation

Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 168-181页

作者： jiwen Liu da-Wei Li Xinxin He Ronghua Liu Haojin Cheng Chenglong Su Mengna Chen Yonghong Wang Zhongsheng Zhao Hanyue Xu Zhangyu Cheng Zicheng Wang Nikolai Pedentchouk david j.Lea-Smith j.nathan d.todd Xiaoshou Liu Meixun Zhao Xiao-Hua Zhang Frontiers Science Center for deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education/College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education/Research Vessel CentreOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK

Hadal trenches are characterized by enhanced and infrequent high-rate episodic sedimentation events that likely introduce not only labile organic carbon and key nutrients but also new microbes that significantly alter the subseafloor ***,the role of high-rate episodic sedimentation in controlling the composition of the hadal subseafloor microbiosphere is ***,analyses of carbon isotope composition in a~750 cm long sediment core from the Challenger deep revealed noncontinuous deposition,with anomalous ^(14)C ages likely caused by seismically driven mass transport and the funneling effect of trench *** community composition and diverse enzyme activities in the upper~27 cm differed from those at lower depths,probably due to sudden sediment deposition and differences in redox condition and organic matter *** lower depths,microbial population numbers,and composition remained relatively constant,except at some discrete depths with altered enzyme activity and microbial phyla abundance,possibly due to additional sudden sedimentation events of different *** is provided of a unique role for high-rate episodic sedimentation events in controlling the subsurface microbiosphere in Earth’s deepest ocean floor and highlight the need to perform thorough analysis over a large depth range to characterize hadal benthic *** depositional processes are likely crucial in shaping deep-water geochemical environments and thereby the deep subseafloor biosphere.

关键词： Hadal subseafloor deep water sediment Mariana Trench Radiocarbon Microbial community Redox potential

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Inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit

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World journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 28-39页

作者： Erin d Wieruszewski Mariam ElSaban Patrick M Wieruszewski nathan j Smischney department of Pharmacy Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States department of Anesthesiology&Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

The discovery and utilization of volatile anesthetics has significantly transformed surgical practices since their inception in the mid-19th ***,a paradigm shift is observed as volatile anesthetics extend beyond traditional confines of the operating theatres,finding diverse applications in intensive care *** the dynamic landscape of intensive care,volatile anesthetics emerge as a promising avenue for addressing complex sedation requirements,managing refractory lung pathologies including acute respiratory distress syndrome and status asthmaticus,conditions of high sedative requirements including burns,high opioid or alcohol use and neurological conditions such as status *** anesthetics can be administered through either inhaled route via anesthetic machines/devices or through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuitry,providing intensivists with multiple options to tailor ***,their unique pharmacokinetic profiles render them titratable and empower clinicians to individualize management with heightened accuracy,mitigating risks associated with conventional sedation *** the amounting enthusiasm for the use of these therapies,barriers to widespread utilization include expanding equipment availability,staff familiarity and training of safe *** article delves into the realm of applying inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit through discussing their pharmacology,administration considerations in intensive care settings,complication considerations,and listing indications and evidence of the use of volatile anesthetics in the critically ill patient population.

关键词： Anesthesia Critical care Mechanical ventilation Sedation Volatile anesthetics Sedative

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew d.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Palestine nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher Richard S.davidson Michael j.Taravella Naresh Mandava jennifer L.Patnaik department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： jacopo Aguzzi Laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel nathan j.Robinson Giacomo Picardi damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni jordi Grinyó Emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi joaquin del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino Michael Tangherlini Roberto danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del Mar(ICM-CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNIVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec Systems International Limited Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi dell’economia Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3d)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

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First principles insights into oxide/polymer composites: SrTiO_(3) /polyaniline/graphene

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第35期166卷 250-260页

作者： nathan d.Wood joshua S.Tse j.nathan M.Skelton david j.Cooke Lisa j.Gillie Stephen C.Parker Marco Molinari department of Chemical Sciences School of Applied SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfield HD13DHUK department of Chemistry University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA27AYUK

A detailed computational investigation,based on density functional theory,of the interaction of polyani-line(PANI)and graphene nanoribbons(GNRs)with SrTiO_(3) is *** adsorption of PANI in var-ious oxidation states and co-adsorption with GNRs is found to be thermodynamically ***-sorbed PANI introduces N and C 2p states into the SrTiO_(3) bandgap,while co-adsorption of PANI and GNRs leads to a bridging of the gap and semi-metallic behaviour,thus rendering the electrical properties highly sensitive to the loading of the GNRs/PANI in the *** the lattice dynamics of the composites predicts a 68-88%reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity due to reduced phonon group *** together,these findings provide insight into the growing number of experimental studies highlighting the enhanced thermoelectric performance of oxide-polymer composites and indicate co-adsorption with graphene as a facile direction for future research.

关键词： Polymer/inorganic composites Polyaniline/strontium titanate/graphene nanoribbon composites PANI/GNR/SrTiO_(3)composites Thermoelectric composites Electrical transport Thermal conductivity1 Introduction

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Aboveground resilience to species loss but belowground resistance to nitrogen addition in a montane plant community

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journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 351-363页

作者： Quentin d.Read jeremiah A.Henning Aimée T.Classen nathan j.Sanders department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee569 Dabney HallKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory PO Box 615Crested ButteCO 81224USA Center for Macroecology Evolutionand ClimateNatural History Museum of DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDenmark Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

Aims decades of empirical work have demonstrated how dominant plant species and nitrogen fertilization can influence the structure and function of plant *** recent studies have examined the interplay between these factors,but few such studies use an explicit trait-based *** this study,we use an explicit trait-based approach to identify potential mechanisms for community-level responses and to test ecological niche *** We experimentally manipulated plant communities(control,−dom-inant species,−random biomass)and nitrogen(N)inputs(control,+organic N,+inorganic N)in a fully factorial *** predicted that traits related to plants’ability to take up different forms of soil N would differ between dominant and subordinate species,resulting in interactive effects of dominant species loss and N fertilization on plant community structure and *** study took place in a montane meadow in the Rocky Mountains,Colorado,*** Findings After four years,the plant community in removal plots converged toward a species composition whose leaf and root functional traits resembled those of the previously removed dominant *** productivity generally increased with N addition:soil carbon efflux was~50%greater when either form of N was added,while inorganic N addition increased aboveground biomass pro-duction by~60%relative to *** increase in production was mediated by increased average height,leaf mass:area ratio and leaf dry matter content in plant communities to which we added inorganic *** to our predictions,there were no interactive effects of N fertilization and dominant species loss on plant com-munity structure or ecosystem *** plant community com-position in this study exhibited resistance to soil N addition and,given the functional convergence we observed,was resilient to spe-cies ***,our results indicate that the ability of species to compensate functionally for species loss confers

关键词： dominant species fertilization functional trait removal experiment resilience

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Mechanistic insights into the key marine dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis enzyme dsyB/dSYB

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mLife 2022年第2期1卷 114-130页

作者： Chun-Yang Li jason C.Crack Simone Newton-Payne Andrew R.j.Murphy Xiu-Lan Chen Benjamin j.Pinchbeck Shun Zhou Beth T.Williams Ming Peng Xiao-Hua Zhang Yin Chen Nick E.Le Brun j.nathan d.todd Yu-Zhong Zhang Frontiers Science Center for deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Marine Biotechnology Research CenterShandong UniversityQingdaoChina Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandongChina School of Chemistry Centre for Molecular and Structural BiochemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwichUK School of Life Sciences University of WarwickCoventryUK

Marine algae and bacteria produce approximately eight billion tonnes of the organosulfur molecule dimethylsulfoniopropionate(dMSP)in Earth's surface oceans *** is an antistress compound and,once released into the environment,a major nutrient,signaling molecule,and source of climate-active *** methionine transamination pathway for dMSP synthesis is used by most known dMSP-producing algae and *** S-directed S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)-dependent 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate(MTHB)S-methyltransferase,encoded by the dsyB/dSYB gene,is the key enzyme of this pathway,generating S-adenosylhomocysteine(SAH)and 4-dimethylsulfonio-2-hydroxybutyrate(dMSHB).dsyB/dSYB,present in most haptophyte and dinoflagellate algae with the highest known intracellular dMSP concentrations,is shown to be far more abundant and transcribed in marine environments than any other known S-methyltransferase gene in dMSP synthesis ***,we demonstrate in vitro activity of the bacterial dsyB enzyme from Nisaea denitrificans and provide its crystal structure in complex with SAM and SAH-MTHB,which together provide the first important mechanistic insights into a dMSP synthesis *** and mutational analyses imply that dsyB adopts a proximity and desolvation mechanism for the methyl transfer *** analysis suggests that this mechanism may be common to all bacterial dsyB enzymes and also,importantly,eukaryotic dSYB enzymes from e.g.,algae that are the major dMSP producers in Earth's surface oceans.

关键词： catalytic mechanism dMSP synthesis marine sulfur cycle S-methyltransferase

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Ecological factors influencing the beneficial endosymbionts of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera:Adelgidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 97-107页

作者： Angela M.Mech Sherilyn j.Harper nathan P.Havill Carol d.von dohlen Gaelen R.Burke department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA USdA Forest Service Northern Research StationHamdenConnecticutUSA department of Biology Utah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA

Bacterial endosymbionts of sap-sucking insects provide their host with a num- ber of beneficial qualities,including the supply of nutrition,defense against parasitoids, and protection from heat *** to these bacterial associates can therefore have a negative impact on the fitness of their insect *** evaluated observational and experi- mental factors regarding the normative hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) (Hemiptera:Adelgidae)to help understand the roles of its three recently identified symbionts,including under heat stress *** prevalence of ***'s facultafive symbiont (Serratia symbiotica)was examined at different spatial scales to determine how variable infection rates are for this *** was no significant difference found in infection rates between adelgids on a tree,within a plot,or within a ***, significantly more adelgids in Georgia (95%)had *** compared to those in New York (68%).Microsatellite genotyping of the adelgids found that this difference was most likely not the result of a second introduction *** into eastern North *** *** proportions between first and fourth instars showed that symbiont absence did not affect the ability *** to survive *** of sym- biont densities within each adelgid found that when *** was absent,the density of obligate symbionts was significantly *** to heat stress (32.5℃)was not consistently correlated with changes in symbiont densities over a 4-d ***,we have shown that symbiont prevalence and densities vary within the broad population of *** in eastern North America,with potentially significant effects upon the ecology of this important pest.

关键词： Adelges tsugae Anncindia adelgestsuga bacterial endosymbionts Serratia symbiotica Pseudomonas adelgestsugas

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PIV measurements of turbulent jets issuing from triangular and circular orifice plates

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2013年第6期56卷 1176-1186页

作者： XU MinYi ZHANG jianPeng MI jianChun nathan G j KALT P A M Marine Engineering College Dalian Maritime University State Key Laboratory of Turbulence & Complex Systems College of EngineeringPeking University Centre for Energy Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia

The present study experimentally investigated the near-field flow mixing characteristics of two turbulent jets issuing from equilateral triangular and circular orifice plates into effectively unbounded surroundings,*** particle image velocimetry(PIV) was applied to measure the velocity field at the same Reynolds number of Re=50,000,where Re = Uede /with Ue being the exit bulk velocity and the kinematic viscosity of fluid,d e the equivalent *** instantaneous velocity,mean velocity,Reynolds stresses were *** the mean velocity field,the centreline velocity decay rate and half-velocity width were *** the mixing characteristics of the two jets,it is found that the triangular jet has a faster mixing rate than the circular *** triangular jet entrainments with the ambient fluid at a higher rate in the near *** is evidenced by a shorter unmixed core,faster Reynolds stress and centreline turbulence intensity *** primary coherent structures in the near field are found to break down more rapidly in the triangular jet as compared to the circular *** the entire measurement region,the triangular jet maintained a higher rate of decay and ***,all components of Reynolds stress of the triangular jet appear to reach their peaks earlier,and then decay more rapidly than those of the circular *** addition,the axis-switching phenomenon is observed in the triangular jet.

关键词： triangular jet turbulent mixing coherent structures axis-switching

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Photocatalytic OH radical formation and quantification over TiO_2 P25:Producing a robust and optimised screening method

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第6期29卷 773-777页

作者： Caitlin Buck nathan Skillen jeanette Robertson Peter K.j.Robertson School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Medical Biology Centre

The development of photocatalytic technology has grown significantly since its initial report and as such,a number of screening methods have been developed to assess activity. In the field of environmental remediation, a crucial factor is the formation of highly oxidising species such as OH radicals. These radicals are often the primary driving force for the removal and breakdown of organic and inorganic contaminants. The quantification of such compounds is challenging due to the nature of the radical,however indirect methods which deploy a chemical probe to essentially capture the radical have been shown to be effective. As discussed in the work presented here, optimisation of such a method is fundamental to the efficiency of the method. A starting concentration range of coumarin from 50 mmol/L to 1000 mmol/L was used along with a catalyst loading of 0.01 g/L to 1 g/L Ti TiO2 to identify that 250 mmol/L and 0.5 g/L Ti TiO2 were the optimum conditions for production. Under these parameters a maximum production rate of 35.91 mmol/L（Rmax= 0.4 mmol/L OH＊ min-1） was achieved which yielded at photonic efficiency of 4.88 OH＊moles photon-1 under UV irradiation. The data set presented also highlighted the limitations which are associated with the method which included; rapid exhaustion of the probe molecule and process inhibition through UV light saturation. Identifying both the optimum conditions and the potential limitations of the process were concluded to be key for the efficient deployment of the photocatalytic screening method.

关键词： Photocatalytic screening OH radical quantification Coumarin Environmental remediation Method optimisation

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