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Predictive approach of heterogeneous catalysis

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National Science Review 2018年第5期5卷 633-635页

作者： jean-Marie Basset jérémie D.A.Pelletier King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

‘Predictive catalysis’ or ‘catalysis by design’ has recently advanced heterogeneous catalysis by using the conceptual tool of surface fragments [1] such as ‘surface organometallic fragments’(SOMF)or ‘surface coordination fragments’(SCF) to achieve and understand a presumed catalytic cycle (see Fig. 1).One or several fragments of the molecule

关键词： SCF CR CO EXAFS

High explosive unexploded ordnance neutralization - Tallboy air bomb case study

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第3期18卷 524-535页

作者： Rafał mie˛tkiewicz Department of Command and Naval Operations Chair of Naval OperationsNaval Tasks UnitPolish Naval Academy of the Heroes of Westerplatte in Gdynia(Poland)SMIDOWICZA 6981-127GdyniaPoland

On October 13,2020,on the fairway connecting the Polish Baltic ports ofSwinoujscie and Szczecin,an underwater hazardous object of historical origin in the form of the British deep penetration bomb Tallboy dropped during the bombing of the German cruiser"Lützow"in April 1945 was neutralized *** is believed to be the first underwater action concerning this type of bomb,which has previously been neutralized on land in Europe(Germany,one confirmed case).The preparation of the operation,on an unprecedented scale at national,European and global level,took one year and included a series of projects related to clearing the space around the bomb from other identified UXO objects,international consultations,historical analyses,determination of the risk to residents and critical infrastructure in the event of an explosion of the bomb containing approximately 2400 kg of the TORPEX explosive(with an increased force equivalent to almost 3600 kg of TNT).The object was neutralized on spot at the depth of 12 m,near a ferry crossing,by specialists from the 41st Navy EOD Team from the 12th MCM Squadron(8th Coastal Defence Flotilla),using the Low Order Deflagration technique(underwater deflagration method).In the case discussed,there was an accumulation of unfavourable conditions which practically excluded the use of blow-in-situ explosive methods(BIP),as well as the extraction of the object and its transport to a military *** a partial deflagration of the explosive,the explosive was detonated(DDT).Estimates indicate that the deflagration level reached between 55 and 60%,which significantly reduced the strength and effects of the underwater explosion.

关键词： Low order technique deflagration Hazardous object neutralization Tallboy neutralization UXO neutralization

Increasing the number of discrete character states for continuous characters generates well-resolved trees that do not reflect phylogeny

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 531-541页

作者： jérémie BARDIN Isabelle ROUGET Margaret Mary YACOBUCCI Fabrizio CECCA Sorbonne University Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University(UPMC-P6)ParisFrance National Museum of Natural History(MNHN) ParisFrance The National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS) ParisFrance Department of Geology Bowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhioUSA

Since the introduction of the cladistic method in systematics,continuous characters have been integrated into analyses but no methods for their treatment have received unanimous *** methods require a large number of character states to discretise continuous characters in order to keep the maximum level of information about taxa differences within the coding *** objective was to assess the impact of increasing the character state number on the outcomes of phylogenetic *** of a variety of simulated datasets shows that these methods for coding continuous characters can lead to the generation of well-resolved trees that do not reflect a phylogenetic *** call this phenomenon the flattening of the tree-length distribution;it is influenced by both the relative quantity of continuous characters in relation to discrete characters,and the number of characters in relation to the number of *** tests provide a method to avoid this potential bias.

关键词： cladistics continuous character gap weighting phylogeny

Elastic modulus of claystone evaluated by nano-/micro-indentation tests and meso-compression tests

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 84-91页

作者： Christophe Auvray Noémie Lafrance Danièle Bartier Université de Lorraine CNRS CREGU Lab. GeoRessources UMR 7359 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518 France

Toarcian claystone such as that of the Callovo-Oxfordian is a qualified multiphase material. The claystone samples tested in this study are composed of four main mineral phases: silicates(clay minerals, quartz,feldspars, micas)(z86%), sulphides(pyrite)(z3%), carbonates(calcite, dolomite)(z10%) and organic kerogen(z1%). Three sets of measurements of the modulus of deformability were compared as determined in(i) nanoindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii) micro-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm, and(iii) meso-compression tests with a constant displacement of 200 mm. These three experimental methods have already been validated in earlier studies. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence of the scaling effect on the modulus of deformability of the material. Different frequency distributions of the modulus of deformability were obtained at the different sample scales:(i) in nano-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 15 GPa and 90 GPa and contained one peak at34 GPa and another at 51 GPa;(ii) in the micro-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 25 GPa and 60 GPa and displayed peaks at 26 GPa and 37 GPa; and(iii) in the meso-compression tests, a narrow frequency distribution was obtained, ranging from 25 GPa to 50 GPa and with a maximum at around 35 GPa.

关键词： Claystone Elastic modulus Scaling effect Nano-and micro-indentation Meso-compression tests Multi-scale mechanical tests

Biosynthesis of Callose and Cellulose by Detergent Extracts of Tobacco Cell Membranes and Quantification of the Polymers Synthesized in vitro

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 221-233页

作者： Carolina Cifuentes Vincent Bulone Anne mie C.Emons Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology Wageningen University Division of Glycoscience School of BiotechnologyRoyal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University Center Department of Biomolecular Systems FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics

The conditions that favor the in vitro synthesis of cellulose from tobacco BY-2 cell extracts were determined. The procedure leading to the highest yield of cellulose consisted of incubating digitonin extracts of membranes from 11-day-old tobacco BY-2 cells in the presence of 1 mM UDP-glucose, 8 mM Ca^2＋ and 8 mM Mg^2＋. Under these conditions, up to nearly 40% of the polysaccharides synthesized in vitro corresponded to cellulose, the other polymer synthesized being callose. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the occurrence of two types of structures in the synthetic reactions. The first type consisted of small aggregates with a diameter between 3 and 5 nm that associated to form fibrillar strings of a maximum length of 400 nm. These structures were sensitive to the acetic/nitric acid treatment of Updegraff and corresponded to callose. The second type of structures was resistant to the Updegraff reagent and corresponded to straight cellulose microfibrils of 2-3 nm in diameter and 200 nm to up to 5 μm in length. In vitro reactions performed on electron microscopy grids indicated that the minimal rate of microfibril elongation in vitro is 120 nm/min. Measurements of retardance by liquid crystal polarization microscopy as a function of time showed that small groups of microfibrils increased in retardance by up to 0.047 nm/min per pixel, confirming the formation of organized structures.

关键词： Biosynthesis of Callose and Cellulose by Detergent Extracts of Tobacco Cell Membranes and Quantification of the Polymers Synthesized in vitro

The Plant Cell Surface

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 126-130页

作者： Anne-mie C. Emons Kurt V. Fagerstedt The Editor of this Special Issue Plant Cell Biology Droevendaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen University 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands The Editor of this Special Issue Plant Biology PO Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki University Finland

Multicellular organization and tissue construction has evolved along essentially different lines in plants and animals. Since plants do not run away, but are anchored in the soil, their tissues are more or less firm and stiff. This strength stems from the cell walls, which encase the fragile cytoplasm, and protect it. Properties of plant cell walls translate into properties of plant tissue. For instance, the cellulose microfibril angle in the different layers of walls of individual cells is a determinant of mechanical functions, which are useful to the plant itself. It also determines material properties of tissues and their potential industrial use. Indeed, plant cell walls determine the industrial value of a range of plant products including paper, timber, foodstuff, fodder, spun fibers, coatings, renewable polymers and future nanocomposites. Cell walls and their biosynthesis is a very active field of plant research.

关键词： cell The Plant Cell Surface

Cirrhotic patients and older people

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World journal of Hepatology 2019年第9期11卷 663-677页

作者： Paul Carrier Marilyne Debette-Gratien jérémie jacques Véronique Loustaud-Ratti Fédération d’Hépatologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren de LimogesLimoges 87042France Facultéde Médecine et de Pharmacie de Limoges Rue Docteur MarclandLimoges 87042France Service de Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren de LimogesLimoges 87042France

The global population is aging,and so the number of older cirrhotic patients is *** patients are characterised by a risk of frailty and comorbidities,and age is a risk factor for mortality in cirrhotic *** incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as an aetiology of cirrhosis is increasing,while that of chronic viral hepatitis is ***,cirrhosis is frequently *** management of portal hypertension in older cirrhotic patients is similar to that in younger patients,despite the greater risk of treatment-related adverse events of the *** prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma increases with age,but its treatment is *** transplantation is generally recommended for patients<70 years of *** the increasing prevalence of cirrhosis in older people,little data are available and few recommendations have been *** review suggests that comorbidities have a considerable impact on older cirrhotic patients.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Portal hypertension Liver cancer Liver transplantation Old age Older Elderly

Heterostructured ZnFe_2O_4/Fe_2TiO_5/TiO_2 Composite Nanotube Arrays with an Improved Photocatalysis Degradation Efficiency Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第1期10卷 158-168页

作者： Kun Xiong Kunzhou Wang Lin Chen Xinqing Wang Qingbo Fan jérémie Courtois Yuliang Liu Xianguo Tuo Minhao Yan State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan University of Science and Engineering

To improve the visible light absorption and photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays(TONTAs), ZnFe_2O_4(ZFO) nanocrystals were perfused into pristine TONTA pipelines using a novel bias voltageassisted perfusion method. ZFO nanocrystals were well anchored on the inner walls of the pristine TONTAs when the ZFO suspensions(0.025 mg m L^(-1)) were kept under a60 V bias voltage for 1 h. After annealing at 750 °C for2 h, the heterostructured ZFO/Fe_2 TiO_5(FTO)/TiO_2 composite nanotube arrays were successfully obtained. Furthermore, Fe^(3+)was reduced to Fe^(2+)when solid solution reactions occurred at the interface of ZFO and the pristine TONTAs. Introducing ZFO significantly enhanced thevisible light absorption of the ZFO/FTO/TONTAs relative to that of the annealed TONTAs. The coexistence of type I and staggered type II band alignment in the ZFO/FTO/TONTAs facilitated the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, thereby improving the efficiency of the ZFO/FTO/TONTAs for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue when irradiated with simulated sunlight.

关键词： Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays Zinc ferrites nanocrystals Pseudobrookite Photocatalysis Methylene blue Heterojunction

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The Plant Exocyst

journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 138-146页

作者： Ying Zhang Chun-Ming Liu Anne-mie C. Emons Tijs Ketelaar Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Department of Biomolecular Systems FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics Science Park 104 1098 XG Amsterdam The Netherlands

The exocyst is an octameric vesicle tethering complex that functions upstream of SNARE mediated exocytotic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. All proteins in the complex have been conserved during evolution, and genes that encode the exocyst subunits are present in the genomes of all plants investigated to date. Although the plant exocyst has not been studied in great detail, it is likely that the basic function of the exocyst in vesicle tethering is conserved. Nevertheless, genomic and genetic studies suggest that the exocyst complex in plants may have more diversified roles than that in budding yeast. In this review, we compare the knowledge about the exocyst in plant cells to the well-studied exocyst in budding yeast, in order to explore similarities and differences in expression and function between these organisms, both of which have walled cells.

关键词： CELL membranes PROTEINS GENETICS PLANT propagation GENOMES