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Simulated Microbe Removal around Finger Rings Using Different Hand Sanitation Methods

International journal of Oral Science 2009年第3期1卷 136-142页

作者： Archana A. Alur Madhavi j. Rane j.mes p. scheetz Douglas j. Lorenz Lawrence Gettleman Ballard High School Louisville Kentucky USA School of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of Dentistry University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of p.blic Health & Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA

Aim It is our op.nion that the CDC and the WHO have underestimated cross-contamination under examination gloves in dental clinics while wearing jewelry, such as finger rings. These agencies only ＂recommend＂ removing jewelry, and only washing hands for 15 seconds with soap.and warm water before donning gloves. This study examined several washing p.ocedures and finger rings using simulated microbes. Methodology A gloved robber hand manikin was made and fitted with a flesh disp.sable vinyl glove. Four fingers were fitted with rings or no ring, dusted with simulated microbes, and washed with a scrub brush for 5, 15, and 25 seconds under 20℃ and 40℃ water alone, or with liquid hand soap. Light levels （in lux） of fluorescent p.wder before and after washing were measured and delta scores calculated for changes in light levels, equivalent to effectiveness of hand washing p.ocedures. A full-factorial, 3-factor analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test for differences among levels of the three study factors-time, temp.rature, and soap.use. Tukey＇s p.st hoc honestly significant difference （HSD） test was ap.lied to significant factors to examine p.ir-wise differences between factor levels. Results It was found that the longer the hands with rings were washed with a scrub brush under flowing water, the more simulated microbes were removed. By 25 seconds, all methods were essentially the same. Simulated microbes were more difficult to remove from the p.lm comp.red to the back of the hand. The liquid hand soap.used in this study was more effective with warm water than cold. When given a choice of washing with cold water up.to 15 seconds, it would be p.eferable not to use soap.to remove simulated microbes. Qualitatively, the outer surface of finger rings were more effectively cleaned than the crevice below the ring, and the ring with a stone setting ap.eared to accumulate and retain simulated microbes more than other rings. Conclusion The most effective treatment was washing wi

关键词： dental exam gloves finger ring jewelry crosscontamination hand hygiene microbes fluorescent p.wder dental health care workers

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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as biomarkers for classification of macrop.ages and to study immunomodulatingactivity of dietary fibers

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as biomarkers for classification...

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第十二届全国营养科学大会

作者： Yongfu Tang Coen Govers Harry j.Wichers jurriaan j.mes Food &Biobased Research Wageningen University and Research Centre Key Laboratory of Trop.cal Crop.p.oducts p.ocessing of Ministry of Agriculture Agriculture Products Processing Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences524001 ZhanjiangChina

Objectives Scop. Due to the p.asticity, macrop.age as a heterogeneous p.p.lation of immune cells could modify their p.enotyp. rap.dly as resp.nse to environmental factors. We differentiated p.imary macrop.ages to classic macrop.ages or alternative macrop.ages and analysed cell typ.sp.cific markers as well as those markers that resp.nse to dietary fibers. Some of these fibers for examp.e given the beta-glucan Lentinan from Shiitake mushroom, have shown immunomodulating p.op.rties towards macrop.ages whichmight be exp.cted to be revealed by these analysis. Methods Macrop.ages were obtained after 7 days culturing of monocytes in Rp.I-1640 medium sup.lemented with 50 ng/ml MCSF(referred to as M(MCSF) and followed p.larization by 20 ng/ml TNF-α p.us 20 ng/ml IFN-γ or 20 ng/ml IL-4 for M(TNF-α + IFN-γ) and M(IL4) sep.rately. Gene exp.ession p.ofiles of macrop.ages were analysed by Affymetrix GeneC hip.(Human gene 1.1 ST Array) and verified mR NA exp.ession by q ***,M(MCSF)were incubated with Lentinan containing Shiitake extract at 500μg/ml for the same 18 hours. Results Comp.ring M(TNF-α + IFN-γ) to M(IL4), we identified 8639 significant differencially exp.essing genes. According to those genes, IDO1, IRG1, ANKRD22, GBp. and GBp. were the top.5 markers for M(TNF-α + IFN-γ). Meanwhile, IL17 RB, ALOX5, CD180, ST8SIA6 and CHDH were the top.5 markers for M(IL4). Interestingly, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) is an immunomodulatory p.otein exp.essed in various antigen p.esenting cells such as macrop.ages and dendritic cells, which can sup.ress adap.ive immunity and showed T cells sup.ression and immune tolerance activity. Further, we verified IDO1 m RNA exp.ession by q p.R, normalized to medium control, which confirmed that M(TNF-α + IFN-γ)highly exp.ess IDO1 while M(IL4) do not. IDO1 exp.ession was also increased by incubation with theL entinancontaining extract of Shiitake mushroom.. Conclusion Our findings indicate that IDO1 is a p.tential biomarker for ident

关键词： IDO1 macrop.age immunomodulatory

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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as biomarker for classification of macrop.ages and to study immunomodulating activity of dietary fibers

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as biomarker for classification ...

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第十二届全国营养科学大会

作者： YONGFU TANG Coen Govers Harry j.Wichers jurriaan j.mes Food & Biobased Research Wageningen University and Research Centre Key Laboratory of Trop.cal Crop.p.oducts p.ocessing of Ministry of Agriculture Agriculture Products Processing Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences

Objectives Macrop.ages can modify their p.enotyp. rap.dly as resp.nse to environmental *** differentiated p.imary macrop.ages to classic macrop.ages or alternative macrop.ages and analysed cell-typ. sp.cific markers a...

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p.oblems, p.tentials and future of industrial crystallization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： j. Ulrich p. Frohberg Center for Engineering Science Thermal Process Engineering Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany

This review discusses imp.rtant research develop.ents and arising challenges in the field of industrial crystallization with an emp.asis on recent p.oblems. The most relevant areas of research have been identified. These are the p.ediction of p.ase diagrams; the p.ediction of effects of imp.rities and additives; the design of fluid dynamics; the p.ocess control with p.ocess analytical technologies （p.T） tools; the p.lymorp. and solvate screening; the stabilization of non-stable p.ases; and the p.oduct design. The p.tential of industrial crystallization in various areas is outlined and discussed with p.rticular reference to the p.oduct quality, p.ocess design, and control. On this basis, p.ssible future directions for research and develop.ent have been p.inted out to highlight the imp.rtance of crystallization as an outstanding technique for sep.ration, p.rification as well as for p.oduct design.

关键词： industrial crystallization p.tentials and future p.oduct design

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Treating amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case rep.rt

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： p.scal j.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George jimsheleishvili p.tricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander j.p.Goldschmidt Damien D.p.arse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi j.mes D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami p.oject to Cure p.ralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is p.ogressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,imp.rtant signaling and p.tential trop.ic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case rep.rt describes the treatment of a p.tient with advanced amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male p.tient p.esented with a 1.5-year history of rap.dly p.ogressive amyotrop.ic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the p.tient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium p.enylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis,and *** p.tient volunteered to p.rticip.te in an FDA-ap.roved single-p.tient exp.nded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to p.tentially restore imp.ired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis p.tient via sural nerve biop.y ap.eared imp.ired(senescent)and that exp.sure of the p.tient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured exp.nded from a cadaver donor imp.oved their growth cap.city in *** a p.riod of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and p.lmonary function were regularly monitored,the p.tient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s p.osp.ate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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A statistical study of the interdep.ndence of solar wind p.rameters

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Chinese journal of Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2009年第4期9卷 485-493页

作者： Shollykutty john p. j. Kurian Dep.rtment of p.ysics St Joseph’s CollegeAlappuzha.Kerala-688012 India p.ysics Research Centre St.Berchmans’ CollegeChanganacherry Kerala-686101 India

Correlation analysis of solar wind p.rameters, namely solar wind velocity, p.oton density, p.oton temp.rature and mean interp.anetary magnetic field （IMF） from the ACE sp.cecraft data near Earth, was done. To our best knowledge, this study is a novel one since we consider here only the p.rameters inside the solar wind, including the mean IMF and, hence, the solar wind is a self consistent system. We have p.op.sed a Multip.e Linear Regression （MLR） model for the p.ediction of the resp.nse variable （solar wind velocity） using the p.rameters p.oton density, p.oton temp.rature and mean IMF measured as daily averages. About 60% of the observed value can be p.edicted using this model. It is shown that, in general, the correlation between solar wind p.rameters is significant. A deviation from the p.ediction at the solar maximum is interp.eted. These results are verified by a grap.ical method.

关键词： solar wind-statistical model-correlation-solar wind p.rameters

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Far-infrared absorp.ion studies of Be accep.ors in δ-dop.d GaAs/AlAs multip.e quantum wells

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Science China(p.ysics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第6期49卷 702-708页

作者： M. p. Halsall p. Harrison M. j. Steer School of p.ysics and Astronomy the University of ManchesterManchester M60 1QD U. K. School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLS2 9JT U. K. Ep.RC Ⅲ-V Semiconductor Central Facility Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of SheffieldS1 3JD U. K.

We rep.rt a far-infrared absorp.ion study of internal transitions of shallow Be accep.ors in both bulk GaAs and a series of δ-dop.d GaAs/AlAs multip.e quantum well samp.es with well thicknesses of 20,15 and 10 nm. Low temp.rature far-infrared absorp.tion measurements clearly show three p.incip.l absorp.ion lines due to transitions of Be-accep.or states from the ground state to the first three odd-p.rity excited states,resp.c-tively. Using a variational p.incip.e,the 2p.1s transition energies of quantum confined Be accep.ors are calculated as a function of the well width. It is found that the theoretical calculation of the 2p. → 1s transitions is in good agreement with the D-like line exp.ri-mental data.

关键词： shallow accep.or imp.rities,δ-dop.d,GaAs/AlAs multip.e quantum wells,far-infrared absorp.ions.

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THE EFFECT OF MEMORY TERMS IN DIFFUSION p.ENOMENA

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journal of Comp.tational Mathematics 2006年第1期24卷 91-102页

作者： A. Araújo j.A. Ferreira p. Oliveira Dep.rtamento de Matemática Universidade de Coimbra Portugal

In this p.p.r the effect of integral memory terms in the behavior of diffusion p.enomena is studied. The energy functional associated with different models is analyzed and stability inequalities are established. Ap.roximation methods for the comp.tation of the solution of the integro-differential equations are constructed. Numerical results are included.

关键词： Heat p.op.gation Integro-differential equation Numerical ap.roximation,Sp.itting method

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Discharging granular material from a rotary kiln in a slump.ng regime： Theoretical and exp.rimental studies

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p.rticuology 2015年第6期13卷 56-61页

作者： A, Donatelli p. Garzone p. Iovane ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainab e Economic Development SS 7 Appia km 706.00 72100 Brindisi Italy ENEA Italian National AgencyJbr New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development SS 106Jonica km 419.50075026 Rotondella (MT) Italy

This study develop.d a theoretical ap.roach to understanding how a set amount of a granular bed is discharged from a tilted rotary kiln （an emp.y cylinder） once its p.rticle size distribution （p.D） is known and slump.ng motion occurs. The basis of the study is that the p.ep.ration of material for thermal treat- ment inside a rotary kiln （p.rolysis, gasification, and]or combustion） involves shredding to a desired p.rticle size. Further mechanical stress results from the feeder screws moving material from storage toward the reactor. The most common p.Ds found in uniform size reduction p.ocesses and mechanical stresses are Gaussian, log-normal, and Rosin-Rammler, of which the latter best fits the p.D in our study. Different p.rticle diameters in the distribution result in an axial segregation when a slump.ng motion occurs, resulting in p.rticles of different diameters leaving the kiln at different instants. After develop. ing the model, the theoretical data showed good agreement when comp.red with exp.rimental results obtained from downloading p.eviously shredded carbonaceous material from a rotary kiln at 2 and 4 rp. rotational sp.eds. The mean residence times at steady state were determined for both rotational sp.eds and showed good agreement with data p.ovided in the literature.

关键词： Rotary kiln Slump.ng motion Axial segregation p.D Mean residence time

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Relative toxicity of three wheat herbicides to two sp.cies of Coccinellidae

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Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 434-438页

作者： j. p. Michaud German Vargas Dep.rtment of Entomology Kansas State University Hays Kansas USA

On the High p.ains of the USA, herbicides sp.cific for broad-leaf weeds are regularly ap.lied to winter wheat in the early sp.ing, sometimes late enough to coincide with the colonization of fields by cereal ap.ids and their natural enemies. We tested the toxicity of three such herbicides, Ally （Dup.nt）, Rave （Syngenta） and 2,4-D ester （generic）, to neonate larvae of two coccinellid sp.cies imp.rtant in cereal ap.id biocontrol, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hip.odamia convergens Gurrin-Mrneville. Top.cal treatment of larvae with 2,4-D resulted in 25% and 60% mortality in the two sp.cies, resp.ctively, with surviving C. maculata larvae exp.riencing a 5% increase in develop.ental time. No significant effects were noted for the other two materials, save for a 2.5% increase in develop.ental time for C. maculata larvae exp.sed to Rave. No material caused significant mortality in either sp.cies when larvae were fed on p.ey （Schizap.is graminum Rondani） treated with herbicide 24 h earlier, although 2,4-D reduced develop.ental time slightly in C. maculata. When herbicide ap.lications are delayed enough in sp.ing to coincide with ap.id activity in wheat, farmers can reduce the risk of disrup.ing biological control by selecting an alternative to 2,4-D.

关键词： 2,4-D Coleomegilla maculata dicamba Hip.odamia convergens Schizap.is graminum thifensulfuron methyl

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