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Ground-based and additional science support for SmILE

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： j.A.Carter m.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.mcWilliams j.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock m.P.Freeman D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-j.Hu m.K.james L.juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester j.manuel j.matzka I.mcCrea Y.miyoshi j.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang j.Weygand j.Wild j.Yan j.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish meteorological Institute(FmI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SmILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SmILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SmILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SmILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SmILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SmILE conjunctions missions

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SmILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.j.Hall O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.Arnold m.W.j.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SmILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SmILE

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Effects of low molecular weight polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii against palmitic acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and HepG2 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2244-2252页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee D.P.Nagahawatta m.j.m.S.Kurera Kyung-mo Song Yun-Sang Choi You-jin jeon min-Cheol Kang Department of marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation ManagementWayamba University of Sri LankaMakanduraGonawila(NWP)60170Sri Lanka Research Group of Food Processing Korea Food Research Institute245Wanju 55365Republic of Korea

Low molecular weight polysaccharides can be isolated from Sargassum thunbergii(LmPST)and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects on *** natures of LmPST were attained from *** and appraised their LmPST on palmitic acid(PA)induced lipid accretion in Hep G2,and 3T3-L1 *** treatment lessened lipid deposition and intracellular free fatty acid and triglyceride intensities in PA-treated above mentioned *** mechanistic study publicized that LmPST2 significantly suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated the PA-treated 3T3-L1 cells occupied in the lipolysis ***,in PA-treated Hep G2 cells,the free fatty acid oxidation was significantly increased by *** these constructive properties of LmPST2 from ***,is a potential candidate for diminishing the intracellular lipids,and for a therapeutic agent in those conditions.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Low molecular weight polysaccharide Lipid accumulation Obesity Liver steatosis

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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel j.Hellenbrand Charles m.Quinn Zachariah j.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.mishra Taylor L.marti Phoebe m.Omuro Rylie m.Roddick jae Sung Lee William L.murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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Chemically mediated Interactions between Grapevine, Aphid, Ladybird, and Ant in the Context of Insect Chemical Ecology

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Phyton-International journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1523-1542页

作者： Taghreed Alsufyani Noura j.Alotaibi Nour Houda m’sakni mona A.Almalki Eman m.Alghamdi Department of Chemistry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing AbdulAziz UniversityP.O.Box 80200Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia

This study simpliﬁes the complex relationship among grapevine plants,aphids,ladybirds,and ants,which is essential for effective pest management and ecological *** study investigated the impact of aphid attacks and the presence of ants and ladybirds on the volatile compounds proﬁle released into the chemosphere of the community consisting of the common vine Vitis vinifera,the aphid Aphis illinoisensis,the ladybird Cocci-nella undecimpunctata-and the ant Tapinoma *** study aims to analyze the volatile compounds emitted by the grapevine and surrounding insects in response to these intricate *** extraction of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)was carried out using closed-loop stripping(CLS)and then analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-mS)and principles coordinated analysis(PCA)was *** grapevine was exposed to different types and order of treatments,including non-infested,aphid-infested,aphid-infested with ant,aphid-infested with ladybird,and various combinations of ant and *** the aphid attack,the outcomes uncovered massive alterations in the volatile compound proﬁ*** grapevine displayed distinct emissions of germacrene D,an alcohol,and an alkene compared to non-infested *** characteristic VOC proﬁle was the share of infested grapes in the presence of ants,with benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes dominating the *** coexistence of ladybirds with ants and aphids resulted in a dif-ferent volatile proﬁle characterized by elevated levels of aldehydes,ketones,α-farnesene,and its hydroxy *** was concluded that the emission of VOCs into the chemosphere of the grapevine communities varied qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the level of the relationship complexity within each community in response to the infestation of grapevines by aphids,the presence of ladybirds as natural predators,and the presence of ant as *** grapevine’s status-dependent compounds

关键词： Aphids Aphis illinoisensis volatile organic compounds chemosphere pest management gas chromatography-mass spectrometry closed-loop stripping

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Spatiotemporal variation in the adult sex ratio,male aggregation,and movement of two tropical cloud forest dung beetles

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 635-644页

作者： julliana BARRETTO martha L.BAENA Israel Huesca domınguez Federico ESCOBAR Red de Ecoetologıa Instituto de EcologıaXalapaC.P.91073Mexico Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas Universidad Veracruzana.Av.Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n Col.IndustrialAnimasXalapaC.P.91190Mexico

While theory suggests that at conception the sex ratio should be balanced(1:1),this can be variable across space and time in wild ***,studies of the environmental factors that regulate adult sex ratio(ASR)in species with different life history traits are *** capture–recapture over a year,we analyzed the influence of habitat type(forest and nonforest)and season(rainy and dry)on variation in ASR,male aggregation and the trajectory movement of 2 dung beetle species with different life history traits:Deltochilum mexicanum(a hornless roller species)and Dichotomius satanas(a tunneler species with horns on its head and thorax).We found opposite *** *** population tends to be female-biased,but the population of *** tends to be predominantly male,and observed values were not related to habitat type or ***,the 95%confidence intervals estimated were highly variable between seasons depending on *** examining the monthly variation in ASR for both habitats,we found that it depends on the *** addition,male aggregation differed between species depending on habitat type and season,and species movement patterns were closely related to their habitat *** on our results,we argue that comparative population studies of species with different life history traits are necessary to understand the variation in demographic parameters as well as its ecological and evolutionary implications in the face of spatial and climatic environmental variation.

关键词： habitat preference mark-recapture mean crowding seasonality Scarabaeinae sex proportion

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO2 thin films

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CHINESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： Chen, S. X. Chen, m. m. Liu, Y. Cao, D. W. Chen, G. j. jiangsu Univ Dept Microelect Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China jiangsu Univ Dept Phys Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Foshan Univ Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Intelligent Mi Foshan 528225 Peoples R China

Ferroelectric HfO2 has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CmOS) technology. However, the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase (o-phase) HfO2 is less competitive, which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO2 thin films. Fortunately, the crystallization of o-phase HfO2 can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress engineering. In this paper, the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO2 (HfO2:Al) thin films on (111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported. Structural analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO2:Al grown on (111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain, which promoted the crystallization of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2 in the as-grown HfO2:Al thin films. In addition, the in-plane lattice of (111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2, which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO2. Accordingly, an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 26.7 mu C/cm(2) has been obtained. The results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO2 thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO2 THERmAL-EXPANSION

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First-principles calculations to investigate structural,electronic,magnetic,optical and thermodynamic properties of RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr,Sm)

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1385-1393,I0007页

作者： A.Ezaier R.masrour m.Hamedoun j.Kharbach A.Rezzouk A.Hourmatallah N.Benzakour K.Bouslykhane Laboratory of Solid Physics Faculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazSidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityBP 1796FezMorocco Equipe de Physique du Solide LaboratoiresLIPIEcole Normale SupérieureBensoudaFèsMorocco

In this paper,we analyzed the physical characteristics of the ternary alloys RE_(2)Rh_(3)Ge(RE=Pr and Sm)using the first principles calculation based on functional density theory integrated in the Wien2k *** calculated formation energies of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge are−5.3827 and−5.2782 eV/atom,respectively,showing that these alloys may exist *** results of the band structure and density of states indicate that all of the compounds tested are magnetic metals,and their magnetism is mostly related to the contribution of Pr and Sm *** total magnetic moments of Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge are 4.07245 and 11.16161μB/f.u,*** parameters such as heat capacity at constant pressure,entropy,Debye temperature,lattice volume,compressibility coefficients,and Grüneisen parameter alloys were calculated using the Gibbs algorithm and studied in depth over a large temperature range of 0-900 *** Debye temperature increases with increasing pressure and decreases with decreasing ***,the Debye temperatures calculated at p=0 GPa and T=300 K are equal to be 342 and 322 K for Pr_(2)Rh_(3)Ge and Sm_(2)Rh_(3)Ge,*** optical characteristics such as the real and imaginary portions of the dielectric function,the absorption coefficient,the energy-loss function,and the refractive index were investigated and discussed in more depth.

关键词： magnetic metals Functional density theory Density of states magnetic moment Optical and thermodynamic properties Rare earths

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Complexed amino acid minerals ***-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： marcos j.B.Santos maria C.m.m.Ludke Leandro m.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello mércia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos jamille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil Department of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn,mn,and Cu)from complexed amino acid minerals(ZmCAA)and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZmCGly)in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone *** 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per *** were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn,mn,and Cu of ZmCAA or ZmCGly source at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,mn,and Cu,respectively)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,mn,and Cu,respectively).The analysis of variance was performed,and in cases where differences were observed,the means were compared using Tukey?s test(Pmineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying *** fed ZmCAA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed conversion ratio(P=0.05)compared to those fed *** ZmCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(Pmn(Pmetry(PmCAA *** the small intestine,ZmCAA resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(PmCAA exhibited superior performance,egg quality,deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density compared to hens fed *** this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZmCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

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