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Enhanced fitness due to higher fecundity,increased defence against a specialist and tolerance towards a generalist herbivore in an invasive annual plant

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journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第2期2卷 77-86页

作者： D.Abhilasha j.joshi Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Biodiversity Research/BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany

Aims The superior performance of many non-indigenous species in a new range can be attributed to different factors such as pre-adaptation to environmental conditions in new areas or to factors inherent to displacement mechanisms such as loss of co-evolved pathogens and herbivores that increase the speed of evolutionary change towards a shift in allocation from defence to growth and *** assess the importance of the different mechanisms governing the success of Conyza canadensis,a globally successful invader,we simultaneously tested several recent hypotheses potentially explaining the factors leading to biological *** We tested(i)whether plants from the non-native range showed a higher fitness than plants from the native North American range,(ii)whether they differed in resistance against an invasive generalist herbivore,the slug Arion lusitanicus and against a recently established specialist aphid herbivore,Uroleucon erigeronense and(iii)experimentally assessed whether *** releases allelopathic chemicals that have harmful effects on competing species in the nonnative *** compared populations along a similar latitudinal gradient both in the native North American and invasive European range and analysed patterns of adaptive clinal variation in biomass *** Findings The invasion success of *** in Europe cannot be attributed to a single trait,but to a combination of *** plants benefited from increased growth and above all,increased reproduction(a key trait in an annual plant)and were less attacked by a co-migrated specialist *** observed loss of defence against generalist slugs did not translate into a decreased fitness as invasive *** plants showed a high re-growth *** contrast to earlier in vitro studies,we detected no allelopathic effects on the competing flora in the non-native *** latitudinal cline in vegetative biomass production in the non-native range observ

关键词： allelopathy biological invasions Conyza canadensis EICA hypothesis generalist/specialist herbivory latitudinal clines biogeographic comparison common garden

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Biosurfactant-assisted phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements in soil:Green technology for meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 198-210页

作者： Songita SONOWAL Amy R.NAVA Sanket j.joshi Siddhartha Narayan BORAH Nazim F.ISLAM Soumya PANDIT Ram PRASAD Hemen SARMA Department of Botany School of Life SciencesMahatma Gandhi Central UniversityMotihari 845401India Department of Molecular&Cellular Physiology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305SA Oil&Gas Research Center Central Analytical and Applied Research UnitSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123Oman Centre for the Environment Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039India Institutional Biotech Hub(IBT Hub) Department of BotanyNanda Nath Saikia CollegeTitabar 785630India Department of Life Sciences School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater Noida 201306India

Biosurfactants are biomolecules produced by microorganisms, low in toxicity, biodegradable, and relatively easy to synthesize using renewable waste substrates. Biosurfactants are of great importance with a wide and versatile range of applications, including the bioremediation of contaminated sites. Plants may accumulate soil potentially toxic elements(PTEs), and the accumulation efficacy may be further enhanced by the biosurfactants produced by rhizospheric microorganisms. Occasionally, the growth of bacteria slows down in adverse conditions, such as highly contaminated soils with PTEs. In this context,the plant's phytoextraction capacity could be improved by the addition of metal-tolerant bacteria that produce biosurfactants. Several sources, categories,and bioavailability of PTEs in soil are reported in this article, with the focus on the cost-effective and sustainable soil remediation technologies, where biosurfactants are used as a remediation method. How rhizobacterial biosurfactants can improve PTE recovery capabilities of plants is discussed, and the molecular mechanisms in bacterial genomes that support the production of important biosurfactants are listed. The status and cost of commercial biosurfactant production in the international market are also presented.

关键词： bacterial genome metal-tolerant bacteria phytoextraction technology plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria rhizospheric microorganism

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Improved measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum at Daya Bay

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Chinese Physics C 2017年第1期41卷 11-46页

作者：安丰鹏 A.B.Balantekin H.R.Band M.Bishai S.Blyth 曹德文曹国富曹俊岑吴镕陳日朗常劲帆張立楚张昀陈和生陈泉佑陈少敏陈义学陈羽程佳樺程捷程雅苹成兆侃 j.j.Cherwinka 朱明中 A.Chukanov j.P.Cummings j.de Arcos 邓子艳丁雪峰丁雅韵 M.V.Diwan M.Dolgareva j.Dove D.A.Dwyer W.R.Edwards R.Gill M.Gonchar 龚光华宫辉 M.Grassi 顾文强关梦云郭磊郭如盼郭新恒郭子溢 R.W.Hackenburg 韩然 S.Hans 何苗 K.M.Heeger 衡月昆 A.Higuera Y.K.Hor 熊怡胡貝禎胡涛胡维黄恩泉黄翰雄黄性涛 P.Huber 霍文驹 G.Hussain D.E.jaffe P.jaffke 任國綸 S.jetter 季向盼季筱璐焦健斌 R.A.johnson D.jones j.joshi 康丽 S.H.Kettell S.Kohn M.Kramer 關健强郭文伟郭天能 T.j.Langford K.Lau L.Lebanowski j.Lee 李曉菁雷瑞庭 R.Leitner 李超李登杰李飞李高嵩李秋菊黎山峰 S.C.Li 李卫东李小男李玉峰李志兵梁昊林政儒林贵林林盛鑫林士凱林禹丞凌家杰 j.M.Link L.Littenberg B.R.Littlejohn 刘大为刘江来刘金昌 C.W.Loh 陆昌国路浩奇陆稼书陆锦标吕志鹏马秋梅马晓妍马续波马宇倩 Y.Malyshkin D.A.Martinez Caicedo K.T.McDonald R.D.McKeown I.Mitchell M.Mooney Y.Nakajima j.Napolitano D.Naumov E.Naumova 倪浩然宁哲 j.P.Ochoa-Ricoux A.Olshevskiy 潘孝儒 j.Park S.Patton V.Pec 彭仁杰 L.Pinsky 潘振声齐法制祁鸣钱鑫 N.Raper 任杰 R.Rosero B.Roskovec 阮锡超 H.Steiner 孙功星孙吉良唐炜 D.Taychenachev K.TVeskov K.V.Tsang C.E.Tull N.Viaux B.Viren V.Vorobei 王正祥王萌王乃彦王瑞光王为王玺王贻芳王喆王铮王志民魏瀚宇温良剑 K.Whisnant C.G.White L.Whitehead T.Wise 黄显诺黄振辉 E.Worcester 吳珈豪吴群吴文杰夏冬梅夏经凯邢志忠徐建一徐吉磊徐晔薛涛杨长根杨海波杨雷阳马生杨梦婷叶梅 Z.Ye 叶铭芳杨炳麟于泽源曾珊占亮张超张宏浩张家文张清民张玄同张一鸣张一心张玉美张志坚张智勇张子平赵洁赵庆旺赵豫斌钟玮丽周莉 N.Zhou 庄红林邹佳恒 Institute of Modern Physics East China University of Science and Technology University of Wisconsin Department of Physics Yale University Brookhaven National Laboratory Department of Physics National Taiwan University National United University Nanjing University Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Physics National Chiao-Tung University Shandong University Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University North China Electric Power University Shenzhen University Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University joint Institute for Nuclear Research Siena College Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Beijing Normal University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Bronx Community College Department of Physics University of Houston Center for Neutrino Physics Virginia Tech China Institute of Atomic Energy University of Science and Technology of China School of Physics Nankai University Department of Physics University of Cincinnati Department of Physics College of Science and Technology Temple University Dongguan University of Technology Department of Physics University of California Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics joseph Henry Laboratories Princeton University Department of Nuclear Science and Technology School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Instituto de F'?sica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile California Institute of Technology College of William and Mary Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute China General Nuclear Power Group College of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Iowa State University Chongqing University

A new measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. The antineutrinos were generated by six 2.9 GWth nuclear reactors and detected by eight antineutrino detectors deployed in two near（560 m and 600 m flux-weighted baselines） and one far（1640 m flux-weighted baseline） underground experimental halls. With 621 days of data, more than 1.2 million inverse beta decay（IBD） candidates were detected. The IBD yield in the eight detectors was measured, and the ratio of measured to predicted flux was found to be 0.946±0.020（0.992±0.021） for the Huber＋Mueller（ILL＋Vogel） model. A 2.9σ deviation was found in the measured IBD positron energy spectrum compared to the predictions. In particular, an excess of events in the region of 4–6 MeV was found in the measured spectrum, with a local significance of 4.4σ. A reactor antineutrino spectrum weighted by the IBD cross section is extracted for model-independent predictions.

关键词： antineutrino flux energy spectrum reactor Daya Bay

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Nanoscale strained-Si MOSFET physics and modeling approaches:a review

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journal of Semiconductors 2010年第10期31卷 19-23页

作者： Amit Chaudhry j.N.Roy Garima joshi University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Solar Semiconductor Private Limited

An attempt has been made to give a detailed review of strained silicon technology. Various device models have been studied that consider the effect of strain on the devices, and comparisons have been drawn. A review of some modeling issues in strained silicon technology has also been outlined. The review indicates that this technology is very much required in nanoscale MOSFETs due to its several potential benefits, and there is a strong need for an analytical model which describes the complete physics of the strain technology.

关键词： mobility SiGe strained-Si technology CAD

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Synaptic electronics and neuromorphic computing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第6期59卷 56-81页

作者： Navnidhi K.UPADHYAY Saumil joshi j.joshua YANG Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts

In order to map the computing architecture and intelligent functions of the human brain on hardware, we need electronic devices that can emulate biological synapses and even neurons, preferably at the physical level. Beginning with the history of neuromorphic computation, in this article, we will briefly review the architecture of the brain and the learning mechanisms responsible for its plasticity. We will also introduce several memristive devices that have been used to implement electronic synapses, presenting some important milestones in this area of research and discussing their advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects.

关键词： memristors neuromorphic engineering RRAM synapses synaptic devices

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Building momentum for sustainable behaviors in developing regions using Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy principles

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1566-1571页

作者： Chandni joshi jeffrey Seay Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky

Despite the current threat from climate change,plastic collecting in the world's oceans,and the steady loss of biodiversity,the world continually fails to take action with regard to our rapidly changing ***,waiting on governments to act is no longer a viable *** change is needed and the pace of diplomacy is simply too *** governments are reactionary and taking action to solve future problems is not a priority,even as the threat of potential ecological catastrophe draws ever *** is in the hands of individuals,and it is our decisions and behaviors that will influence the future of our planet and our ability to inhabit ***,building momentum for sustainable behavior must begin with *** neoliberal approach to environmental protection posits that individuals are motivated by rational self-interest,and that economic incentives are necessary to achieve environmental ***,recent research suggests that monetary gain alone actually negatively impacts behavior,and often neglects the rural *** a result,models for projects designed to benefit the environment need more than just a monetary incentive,they must incorporate all three pillars of sustainability:environment,economy and *** approach for building momentum for sustainable behavior with regard to municipal solid waste management,particularly in the developing world,is by implementing Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy(LMDCE)*** contribution will describe the role behavioral economics plays in the choices made by producers and *** results of a case study on applying LMDCE principles in Uganda to manage waste plastic accumulation by conversion to fuel oil will be presented.

关键词： Pyrolysis Fuel Pollution Appropriate technology Behavioral economics Municipal solid waste

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Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis:Beyond antioxidants

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第43期27卷 7423-7432页

作者： Rajiv M Mehta Stephen j Pandol Prachi R joshi Department of Gastroenterology Surat Institute of Digestive Science(SIDS)Hospital and Research CentreSurat 395002GujaratIndia Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Research SIDS Hospital and Research CentreSurat 395002GujaratIndia

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a complex disease associated with gene-gene or geneenvironment *** incidence of idiopathic CP has shown an increasing trend,withits phenotypeshaving changed considerably in the last two *** diseaseitself can be regulated before it reaches the stage of established CP;however,the etiopathogenesis underlying idiopathic CP remains to be established,making the condition difficult to ***,there also remains a lack of consensus regarding the beneficial effects of antioxidant therapiesfor *** is known that antioxidant therapy does not reduce inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines,making it unlikely that they could modulate the disease *** antioxidants are safe,very few studies to date have reported the long-term beneficial effects in patients with ***,studies are being performed to identify drugs that can improve symptoms and alter the natural history of ***,with their numerous pleiotropic effects,may play a role in the treatment of CP,butin 2006,their use was found to be associated with the undesirable side effect of promoting *** studies showed favourable effects of statins in CP,highlighting the particular benefits of lipophilic statins,such as lovastatin and simvastatin,over the hydrophilic statins,such as ***,studies to repurpose N-acetylcysteine as a CP therapy areyielding very promising results.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Simvastatin Antioxidants Quality of life Nacetylcysteine Acute pancreatitis

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Size effects on electrical properties of sol–gel grown chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第3期34卷 488-495页

作者： Zalak joshi Davit Dhruv K.N.Rathod j.H.Markna A.Satyaprasad A.D.joshi P.S.Solanki N.A.Shah Department of Physics Saurashtra University Department of Nanotechnology V.V.P.Engineering College FCIPT Institute for Plasma Research Department of Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Saurashtra University

In this communication, we report the results of the studies on electrical properties of Zn0.95Cr0.05O nanoparticles synthesized using sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） measurements were performed for the structural and microstructural behaviors of the nanoparticles. Rietveld analysis was carried out to confirm the single phasic nature. High resolution TEM （HRTEM） confirms the nanoscale nature and polycrystalline orientations in the samples. Dielectric response has been understood in the context of universal dielectric response （UDR） model along with the Koop＇s theory and Maxwell - Wagner （M-W） mechanism. Variation in ac conductivity with frequency has been discussed in detail in terms of power law fits. Results of the impedance measurements have been explained on the basis of crystal cores and crystal boundary density. Cole - cole behavior has been studied for the impedance data. For potential application of nanoparticles, average normalized change （ANC） in impedance has been estimated and discussed in the light of size effects and oxygen vacancies.

关键词： Size effects Electrical properties Sol-gelZinc oxide Nanoparticles

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Assessing forest fragmentation in north-western Himalaya:a case study from Ranikhet forest range,Uttarakhand,India

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journal of Forestry Research 2017年第2期28卷 319-327页

作者： Mohit Sharma Anusheema Chakraborty j.K.Garg P.K.joshi University School of Environment Management Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Department of Natural Resources TERI University School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University

The northwestern Himalaya harbors high levels of biodiversity due to its unique topography, climatic conditions and heterogeneity. Forest fragmentation is one of the major threats causing a decline in biodiversity in the Himalayan region. We assesses forest fragmentation and changes in land use land cover（LULC） patterns using multi-temporal satellite data over a time span of four decades（1976–2013）. Fragmentation analysis using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool（LFT） reveals a decrease in core and edge areas by 14 and 2.3 %, respectively; while an increase in non-forest, patch area and perforation area by 2.1, 0.4, and 14 %, respectively. The LULC dynamics show that the areas under dense forest and scrub forest have decreased by 2.8 % and 1.9 %, respectively; and there is an increase in open forest, crop land and fallow land area by 2.6, 1.7 and 2.1 %, respectively. The quantification of landscape heterogeneity is undertaken with the help of landscape metrics computed using FRAGSTATS at class and landscape level, showing signs of increased fragmentation. Our study provides baseline database that can support the future biodiversity conservation and sustainable forest management initiatives.

关键词： fragmentation landscape patch biodiversity heterogeneity Himalayan climatic FRAGSTATS showing northwestern

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Three-dimensional computational characterization of grain size and texture effects in magnesium alloys

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第10期11卷 3657-3672页

作者： Shahmeer Baweja Shailendra P.joshi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204-4006USA

This work systematically investigates the microstructure-property relationship in Mg alloys. Emphasis is placed on understanding, through high resolution crystal plasticity modeling, how grain size and texture collectively impact material strengthening and hardening, net plastic anisotropy, and tension-compression asymmetry. To achieve this, 528 fully three-dimensional finite element calculations are performed, which comprise eleven textures, four grain sizes, six loading orientations, and two uniaxial loading states(tension and compression). The grain size effect follows Hall-Petch relation that depends on both, loading orientation and initial texture. The reduction in extension twinning with grain size refinement is influenced by texture as well. Below a threshold textural strength, grain size refinement leads to an appreciable reduction in the net plastic anisotropy at yield, quantified using Hill anisotropy, and reduced tension-compression asymmetry. Using a micromechanical basis, the effect of grain size and texture on material ductility is predicted to be non-monotonic. The computational predictions serve as synthetic data sets for experimental validation and reduced-order modeling.

关键词： Mg alloys Microstructure-property relations Grain-size effect Crystal plasticity Damage micromechanics

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