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Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang Xing jun Wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing zhao jing-Dong j.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

High-temperature-tolerant flexible supercapacitors: Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 426-457页

作者： Chong Peng Xinyi Huang Mingwei zhao Shuling Liao Quanhong Yang Nianjun Yang Siyu Yu School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Southwest University Nanoyang Group Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University Department of Chemistry & IMO-IMOMEC Hasselt University

The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and *** review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.

关键词： Flexible supercapacitors High-temperature tolerance Gel polymer electrolytes Electrode materials

Low-cost and fluoride-free synthesis of MFI zeolite nanosheets with enhanced stability for benzene alkylation with ethanol

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 458-468页

作者： Peng Zhu Cun Liu Yiren Yu Guoshu Gao Yumeng zhao Xiongfu Zhang Guodong Liu Guohui Yang State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Zeolite nanosheets with a short b-axis thickness are highly desirable in lots of catalytic reactions due to their reduced diffusion resistance. Nevertheless, conventional synthesis methods usually require expensive structure-directing agents(SDAs), pricey raw materials, and eco-unfriendly fluorine-containing additives. Here, we contributed a cost-effective and fluoride-free synthesis method for synthesizing high-quality MFI zeolite nanosheets through a Silicalite-1(Sil-1) seed suspension and urea cooperative strategy, only with inexpensive colloidal silica as the Si source. Our approach was effective for synthesizing both Sil-1 and aluminum-containing ZSM-5 nanosheets. By optimizing key synthesis parameters,including seed aging time, seed quantity, and urea concentration, we achieved precise control over the crystal face aspect ratio and b-axis thickness. We also revealed a non-classical oriented nanosheet growth mechanism, where Sil-1 seeds induced the formation of quasi-ordered precursor particles, and the(010)crystal planes of these particles facilitated urea adsorption, thereby promoting c-axis-oriented *** obtained ZSM-5 nanosheets exhibited exceptional catalytic performance in the benzene alkylation with ethanol, maintaining stability for over 500 h, which is 5 times longer than traditional ZSM-5 catalysts. Furthermore, large-scale production of ZSM-5 nanosheets was successfully carried out in a 3 L highpressure autoclave, yielding samples consistent with those from laboratory-scale synthesis. This work marks a significant step forward in the sustainable and efficient production of MFI nanosheets using inexpensive and environmentally friendly raw materials, offering the broad applicability in catalysis.

关键词： MFI zeolite ZSM-5 Nanosheets Scale-up synthesis Aromatic alkylation

Flexible molecules dedicate to release strain of inverted inorganic perovskite solar cell

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 87-93页

作者： Hongrui Sun Sanlong Wang Pengyang Wang Yali Liu Shanshan Qi Biao Shi Ying zhao Xiaodan Zhang Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and CellsNankai University Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)

The tensile strain in inorganic perovskite films induced by thermal annealing is one of the primary factors contributing to the inefficiency and instability of inorganic perovskite solar cells （IPSCs）,which reduces the defect formation ***,a flexible molecule 5-maleimidovaleric acid （5-MVA） was introduced as a strain buffer to release the residual strain of *** anhydride and carboxyl groups in 5-MVA interact strongly with the uncoordinated Pb2+through Lewis acid-base reaction,thus tightly“pull”the perovskite *** in-between soft carbon chain increased the structural flexibility of CsPbI2.85Br0.15perovskite materials,which effectively relieved the intrinsic internal strain of CsPbI2.85Br0.15,resisted the corrosion of external strain,and also reduced the formation of defects such as VIand *** addition,the introduction of 5-MVA improved crystal quality,passivated residual defects,and narrowed energy level ***,power conversion efficiency （PCE） of NiOxbased inverted IPSCs increased from 19.25% to 20.82% with the open-circuit voltage enhanced from 1.164 V to 1.230 *** release of strain also improved the stability of CsPbI2.85Br0.15perovskite films and devices.

关键词： Inverted inorganic perovskite solar cells Flexible molecules Strain release Crystallization Energy barrier High PCE

Multistage serrated flow behavior of a medium-manganese high-carbon steel

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journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2020年第9期27卷 1064-1072页

作者： j.Chen Y.Zhang j.j.Wang C.M.Liu S.X.zhao Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Shenyang Industrial Transformation Upgrading Promotion Center Shenyang 110083LiaoningChina The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Central Research Institute Baoshan Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201999China

The deformation mechanisms and the flow stress behavior of a medium-manganese high-carbon steel during cold deformation at a strain rate of 10×5 s^-1 were explored using a universal testing machine,an X-ray diffractometer,a field emission scanning electron microscope and a high-resolution transmission electron *** results show that continuous step-up serrated flow behavior appears after the yielding point,and the true stress-strain curve is roughly divided into five stages based on distinctive densities and amplitudes of *** strengthening mechanisms of the experimental steel involve Cottrell atmosphere,twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP)efect and transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)*** effect is the dominant deformation mechanism,and deformation twins formed by TWIP effect comprise primary,secondary and ***,TRIP effect arises in the local high-strain *** element plays a key role in the transformation of the deformation mechanism.A small amount of carbide precipitates around twin boundaries lead to the formation of local carbon-poor regions,and Md temperature and stacking fault energy of medium-manganese high-carbon steel are propitious to the occurrence of TRIP *** addition,the contributions of various deformation mechanisms to plasticity are calculated,and that of TWIP effect is the greatest.

关键词： Serrated flow Deformation mechanism Deformation twin Twinning-induced plasticity Transformation-induced plasticity

Gas Line Pressure Fluctuation Analysis of a Gas-Liquid Reactor

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journal of Thermal Science 2005年第3期14卷 267-271页

作者： j.j.j. CHEN j.C. zhao Chemical & Materials Engineering Department The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand ProfessorChemical & Materials Engineering Department The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

To ensure efficient operation of metallurgical gas-liquid reactors, the gas bubbles must be uniformly distributed. For high temperature metallurgical reactors, it is impractical and unsafe to carry out visual observations. An air-water model was used to study the relationship between the bubble flow patterns and the pressure fluctuation signals. The fluctuation signals captured in the time domain were transformed into the frequency domain. Various parameters obtained from the transformed data were analysed for their suitability for delineating the bubble flow patterns observed. These parameters and the flow patterns were found to be well-correlated using the gas flow number.

关键词： gas liquid reactors bubble distribution signal analysis

Sun's Log-concavity Conjecture on the Catalan–Larcombe–French Sequence

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2016年第5期32卷 553-558页

作者： james j.Y.zhao Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University

Let {Pn},n≥0 denote the Catalan-Larcombe-French sequence, which naturally came from the series expansion of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind. In this paper, we prove the strict log-concavity of the sequence { n√Pn}n≥1, which was originally conjectured by Z. W. Sun. We also obtain the strict log-concavity of the sequence {n√Vn}n≥1, where {Vn}n≥0 is the Fennessey-Larcombe- French sequence arising from the series expansion of the complete elliptic integral of the second kind.

关键词： The Catalan-Larcombe-French sequence the Fennessey-Larcombe-French sequence logconcavity three-term recurrence relation

Large eddy simulations of a turbulent mixing layer periodically excited with fundamental and third harmonic frequency

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Chinese journal of Aeronautics 2023年第5期36卷 33-40页

作者： jörg SCHLÜTER Dan zhao Abhishek SARKAR School of Engineering Deakin UniversityWaurn Ponds 3216Australia College of Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8041New Zealand School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

A better understanding of the mixing behavior of excited turbulent mixing layers is critical to a number of aerospace *** studies of excited turbulent mixing layers focused on single frequency excitation or the excitation with fundamental and its second harmonic *** is a lack of detailed studies on applying low and higher frequency *** this study,we have performed large-eddy simulations of periodically excited turbulent mixing *** excitation consists of a fundamental frequency and its third *** have used phase-averaging to identify the vortex structure and strength in the mixing layer,and we have studied the vortex *** different vortex paring mechanisms are observed depending on the phase shift between the two excitation *** influence of these two mechanisms on the mixing of a passive scalar is also *** is found that exciting the mixing layer with these low and high frequencies has initially an adverse influence on the mixing process;however,it improves the mixing further downstream of the splitter plate with the excitation using a phase shift ofΔφ=πshowing the best mixing *** present works shed lights on the fundamental vortex dynamics,and has great potential for aeronautical,automotive and combustion engineering applications.

关键词： Flow control Flow excitation Large eddy simulations Turbulent mixing layer Vortex dynamics

Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect against ischemic stroke by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3245-3258页

作者： jiayi Wang Mengke zhao Dong Fu Meina Wang Chao Han Zhongyue Lv Liang Wang jing Liu Stem Cell Clinical Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning ProvinceChina Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine DalianLiaoning ProvinceChina Institute(College)of Integrative Medicine Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning ProvinceChina

Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem cell therapy and advancing the frontiers of stem cell-derived *** lays a foundation for the development of potentially potent new treatment modalities for ischemic ***,the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear,presenting challenges for clinical *** promote the translation of therapy based on human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles from the bench to the bedside,we conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ischemic *** found that administration of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal *** human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced neuronal apoptosis by enhancing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,and protein kinase B,and these effects were reversed by treatment with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase *** findings suggest that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling ***,we showed that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have a good in vivo safety ***,human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising potential agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

关键词： behavior exosome extracellular vesicles ischemic stroke mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) middle cerebral artery occlusion neural stem cells neuronal apoptosis phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K) protein kinase B(AKT)